scholarly journals The Endocannabinoid System and Cannabidiol: Past, Present, and Prospective for Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 936
Author(s):  
Martina Rabino ◽  
Sara Mallia ◽  
Elisa Castiglioni ◽  
Davide Rovina ◽  
Giulio Pompilio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Patient Awareness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Recreational Use

In the past, cannabis was commonly associated with mysticism and illegality. Fortunately, in recent years perspectives and discourses have changed. More prominence has been given to the rigorous scientific effort that led to the discovery of cannabis’ many physiological actions and endogenous signalling mechanisms. The endocannabinoid system is a complex and heterogeneous pro-homeostatic network comprising different receptors with several endogenous ligands, numerous metabolic enzymes and regulatory proteins. Therefore, it is not surprising that alterations and dysfunctions of the endocannabinoid system are observed in almost every category of disease. Such high degree of pathophysiological involvement suggests the endocannabinoid system is a promising therapeutic target and prompted the translation of resurgent scientific findings into clinical therapies. Shifting attitudes toward cannabis also raised other matters such as increased patient awareness, prescription requests, self-medication, recreational use, recognition of new knowledge gaps, renewed scientific activity, and seemingly exponential growth of the cannabis industry. This review, following a general overview of cannabis and the endocannabinoid system, assiduously describes its role within the context of cardiovascular diseases, paying particular attention to the Janus influence that endocannabinoid system modulators can have on the cardiovascular system.

scholarly journals Clinician-Reported Patient Awareness of Symptoms and Severity of Tardive Dyskinesia in Patients Prescribed VMAT2 Inhibitors

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-151
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Meyer ◽  
Ericha Franey ◽  
Leslie Lundt ◽  
Betsy Benning ◽  
Edward Goldberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Vesicular Monoamine Transporter ◽  
Patient Awareness ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Body Regions

AbstractObjectiveVesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors including valbenazine are first-line therapies for tardive dyskinesia (TD), a persistent movement disorder associated with antipsychotic exposure. This real-world study was performed to assess the association between patient awareness of TD symptoms and clinician-assessed symptom severity.MethodsClinicians who treated antipsychotic-induced TD with a VMAT2 inhibitor within the past 24 months were asked to extract demographic/clinical data from patients charts and complete a survey for additional data, including patient awareness of TD (yes/no) and TD symptom severity (mild/moderate/severe).ResultsData for 601 patients were provided by 163 clinicians (113 psychiatrists; 46 neurologists; 4 primary care physicians). Patient demographics: 50% male; mean age 50.6 years; 55% schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder; 29% bipolar disorder; 16% other psychiatric diagnoses. Positive relationships were seen between patient awareness and clinician-assessed symptom severity. Awareness was highest in patients with severe symptoms in specific body regions: face (88% vs 78%/69% [awareness by severe vs moderate/mild symptoms]); jaw (90% vs 80%/67%); wrists (90% vs 69%/63%). In other regions, awareness was similar in patients with severe or moderate symptoms: lips (85%/86% vs 68% [severe/moderate vs mild]); tongue (81%/80% vs 73%); neck (80%/78% vs 68%); arms (67%/66% vs 62%); knees (67%/67% vs 53%).ConclusionsIn patients prescribed a VMAT2 inhibitor for TD, patient awareness was generally higher in those determined to have moderate-to-severe symptom severity as assessed by the clinician. More research is needed to understand how awareness and severity contribute to TD burden, and whether different treatment strategies are needed based on these factors.FundingNeurocrine Biosciences, Inc.

scholarly journals UAV Forensics: DJI Mini 2 Case Study

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Miloš Stanković ◽  
Mohammad Meraj Mirza ◽  
Umit Karabiyik
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personally Identifiable Information ◽  
Multiple Devices ◽  
Forensic Tools ◽  
Recreational Use

Rapid technology advancements, especially in the past decade, have allowed off-the-shelf unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that weigh less than 250 g to become available for recreational use by the general population. Many well-known manufacturers (e.g., DJI) are now focusing on this segment of UAVs, and the new DJI Mini 2 drone is one of many that falls under this category, which enables easy access to be purchased and used without any Part 107 certification and Remote ID registration. The versatility of drones and drone models is appealing for customers, but they pose many challenges to forensic tools and digital forensics investigators due to numerous hardware and software variations. In addition, different devices can be associated and used for controlling these drones (e.g., Android and iOS smartphones). Moreover, according to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the adoption of Remote ID is not going to be required for people without the 107 certifications for this segment at least until 2023, which creates finding personally identifiable information a necessity in these types of investigations. In this research, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of DJI Mini 2 and its data stored across multiple devices (e.g., SD cards and mobile devices) that are associated with the drone. The aim of this paper is to (1) create several criminal-like scenarios, (2) acquire and analyze the created scenarios using leading forensics software (e.g., Cellebrite and Magnet Axiom) that are commonly used by law enforcement agencies, (3) and present findings associated with potential criminal activities.

scholarly journals Role of Camel Husbandry in Food Security of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Ayan Orazov ◽  
Liudmila Nadtochii ◽  
Kazybay Bozymov ◽  
Mariam Muradova ◽  
Araigul Zhumayeva
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Food Security Indicators ◽  
Security Indicators ◽  
High Degree

This paper examines the problem of food security in the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past 10 years. Based on statistical data, an assessment was made of the prevalence of malnutrition among the population of the country, including children under 5 years of age. There has been a trend towards for an improvement in the nutrition of the population for a few indicators; however, further optimization of food security indicators is required to achieve the goals of sustainable development (SDGs) of the FAO WHO Agenda for the period up to 2050 in Kazakhstan and in its individual regions. The paper reflects data on demographic changes over the past 10 years and its self-sufficiency in basic foods for 2019. A high degree of self-sufficiency in meat products (117.6%) is revealed in the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan. However, self-sufficiency in dairy products is at an extremely low level (0.1%). Camel breeding has been successfully developing in the country over the past 10 years. However, the number of camels in the country is still at a low level. Camel milk can be considered as a great source of macronutrients, its daily consumption partially facilitates the problem of Food Security in Kazakhstan.

China’s evolving humanitarian diplomacy: Evidence from China’s disaster-related aid to Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 205789112110192
Author(s):  
Peng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
Effective Channel ◽  
India And China

Engaging in disaster relief and, more recently, post-disaster reconstruction in developing countries with critical geoeconomic and geopolitical interests has become an increasingly regular and institutionalized component of China’s evolving humanitarian diplomacy over the past decade. Drawn upon novel evidence from China’s growing disaster-related humanitarian assistance to Nepal and unprecedented engagement in Nepal’s long-term post-earthquake rebuild since 2015, this article explores the dynamics behind China’s transforming humanitarian diplomacy. The findings of this article suggest that: 1) geopolitical and geoeconomic interests, represented by the Belt-and-Road Initiative, serve as a critical driver for the development of China’s bilateral partnership with other countries in the disaster sector; 2) long-term cooperation with underdeveloped countries like Nepal provides China, both government and non-state actors (NSAs), with an effective channel to engage with the international humanitarian community and to internalize humanitarian norms; 3) although humanitarian missions remain contingent and instrumental in China’s international relations, they are laying the foundations for a specialized humanitarian policy area with more relevant normative assets, more professional actors, and more sophisticated institutions; 4) NSAs, represented by private foundations and civil NGOs, have played active roles in the state-dominant cooperation in disaster management. This article also suggests that intensified geopolitical confrontations, such as military clashes between India and China along their disputed borders over the past year, would lead to a high degree of politicization of humanitarian missions and partnerships counter-conducive to humanitarian goals.

scholarly journals The crucial roles of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in the carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Fang ◽  
Yiqiu Hu ◽  
Jinhui Hu ◽  
Yanqin Huang ◽  
Shu Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression

AbstractAs the predominant modification in RNA, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has attracted increasing attention in the past few years since it plays vital roles in many biological processes. This chemical modification is dynamic, reversible and regulated by several methyltransferases, demethylases and proteins that recognize m6A modification. M6A modification exists in messenger RNA and affects their splicing, nuclear export, stability, decay, and translation, thereby modulating gene expression. Besides, the existence of m6A in noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) could also directly or indirectly regulated gene expression. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer around the world and of high mortality. Increasing evidence have shown that the changes of m6A level and the dysregulation of m6A regulatory proteins have been implicated in CRC carcinogenesis and progression. However, the underlying regulation laws of m6A modification to CRC remain elusive and better understanding of these mechanisms will benefit the diagnosis and therapy. In the present review, the latest studies about the dysregulation of m6A and its regulators in CRC have been summarized. We will focus on the crucial roles of m6A modification in the carcinogenesis and development of CRC. Moreover, we will also discuss the potential applications of m6A modification in CRC diagnosis and therapeutics.

scholarly journals Peroxiredoxins as Potential Targets for Cardiovascular Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1244
Author(s):  
Se-Jin Jeong ◽  
Jong-Gil Park ◽  
Goo Taeg Oh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
The Past ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidases ◽  
Intracellular Signals ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
Cardiovascular Cells

Increased oxidative stress (OS) is considered a common etiology in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the precise regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiovascular cells is essential to maintain normal physiological functions. Numerous regulators of cellular homeostasis are reportedly influenced by ROS. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as an endogenous ROS in aerobic cells, is a toxic substance that can induce OS. However, many studies conducted over the past two decades have provided substantial evidence that H2O2 acts as a diffusible intracellular signaling messenger. Antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, and peroxiredoxins (Prdxs), maintain the balance of ROS levels against augmentation of ROS production during the pathogenesis of CVD. Especially, Prdxs are regulatory sensors of transduced intracellular signals. The intracellular abundance of Prdxs that specifically react with H2O2 act as regulatory proteins. In this review, we focus on the role of Prdxs in the regulation of ROS-induced pathological changes in the development of CVD.

Addiction and schizophrenia

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Batel
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Dependency Type ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
High Level ◽  
Environmental Hypothesis ◽  
High Degree

SummaryEpidemiologic studies in the general population and those based on the clinical assessment of schizophrenic populations have revealed a high degree of overlap between schizophrenia and addictive disorders. The abuse of psychoactive substances (including alcohol) throughout life is so frequent (50%) that the possibility of a specific link inevitably arises. Various hypotheses have been suggested to explain the high co-morbidity between schizophrenia and addiction: 1) The social-environmental hypothesis has been developed but studies have provided poor evidence to validate it. 2) The possible shared biological vulnerability between schizophrenia and addictions led researchers to explore common genetic determinants and study the involvement of the dopaminergic and opioid systems in the aetiology of both schizophrenia and the abuse of and dependence on psychoactive drugs. 3) Finally, the theory of self-medication suggests that schizophrenics may be attempting to counter the deficit linked to their disorders by using the substances they take or their dependency-type behaviour to cope with their emotional problems. The clinical profile of schizophrenic addicts does seem to display some distinctive features, such as the high level of depressive co-morbidity, very high nicotine and alcohol dependence, with a very poor prognosis. These patients are difficult to manage; the possibility of pharmacologic interactions between the substances they are taking and neuroleptic medication calls for prudence, and their compliance is also poor. Addictive disorders in schizophrenics are currently a topic of active research intended to lead to identifying specific treatments. The early identification of addictive disorders in schizophrenics should make it possible to limit their development and improve the prognosis.

Acaricide resistance in the red tick, Rhipicephalus evertsi Neumann.

1961 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Whitehead ◽  
J. A. F. Baker
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Acaricide Resistance ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Degree

Early in 1959, observations on the farm Tayside, in the East London district of South Africa, suggested that populations of the ‘two-host’ red tick, Rhipicephalns evertsi Neum., were more difficult to control with toxaphene preparations than they had been in the past. Resistance to toxaphene was suspected, and both field and laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate this possibility. Field trials indicated an increase in tolerance by Tayside populations of the tick to toxaphene, γ BHC and dieldrin, but showed no increased tolerance to sodium arsenite or DDT. Similar results were obtained in laboratory experiments where Tayside adults were compared with those of other populations of the tick known to be sensitive to insecticides. Laboratory experiments with larvae indicated a high degree of resistance to toxaphene and γ BHC in the Tayside population, but no increased tolerance to sodium arsenite, Delnav, Sevin or DDT could be detected. This pattern of cross-resistance is similar to that occurring in resistant populations of Boophilus dccoloratus(Koch).

Falls in the Landing Areas of Stairs and Curbs

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delvin L. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Accident Investigation ◽  
Landing Zone ◽  
The Past ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Rate Of Success ◽  
High Degree

Stairways, steps, curbs and landings all relate to the pedestrian changing his respective elevation. The usual expectation is that this maneuver will occur as a result of a step up or down. When the physical environment deviates from the expected and/or standard dimensions a fall can occur, This monograph concerns itself with what exposures are generated when landing areas for stairs, steps and curbs and NOT STANDARD or as expected. Investigation of falls during the past thirty years indicates that the landing zone is an important element to consider in an accident investigation. Stairs, steps, curbs and ramps are all elements of our everyday lives. People manage to negotiate them with a high degree of success. They also manage to fall up them, down them and over them with an impressive rate of success as well. Stairs, steps, curbs and ramps sometimes exist in various combination with each other. This situation often results in an unsafe or accident producing condition.

Neural tissue reactions to low-intensity laser radiation

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Chelyshev ◽  
K. I. Sitekulov
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tissue Reactions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Intensity Laser

Over the past 25 years, laser radiation has found wide application in various fields of medicine, including neurology, mainly as a means of pain relief [17]. A high degree of specificity of the photobiological action is determined by its unique properties: monochromaticity, selective focus and coherence.

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