Effect of oral administration of folate sources on plasma folate levels in pigs: Comparison between reduced and oxidized forms of folate

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Mizuno ◽  
E. Kokue ◽  
N. Ohnishi ◽  
Y. Toride
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Plasma Folate ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Reduced Forms ◽  
Liver Powder

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of plasma folate levels after oral administration of oxidized or reduced forms of folates, using seven Göttingen minipigs. Plasma folate levels, tetrahydrofolate (THF) and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5CH3-THF), were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. In exp. 1, the absorption of the oxidized form of folate [(synthetic folic acid(FA)] and the reduced forms of folate (5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5HCO-THF), liver powder and digested bacterial cell powder (DBCP) were evaluated by measuring changes in plasma folate levels after a single oral administration. Liver powder and DBCP contained much reduced forms of folate. The administration of the reduced form of folates increased plasma THF levels while the levels of plasma THF and 5CH3-THF decreased after FA administration. In exp. 2, plasma folate levels were measured after long-term oral administration of FA for 30 d. Immediately after the beginning of the administration, the levels of both THF and 5CH3-THF decreased significantly and remained at a low level during the 30-d administration. Supplementation of sow feed with FA has been recommended in many countries improving reproductive performance. The present study, however, suggests that the oral administration of an oxidized form of folate, FA, may not be as effective as previously thought, and the reduced forms of folate might be preferable for the supplementation of pig feeds. Key words: Folate (reduced), folic acid, pig, oral administration, bacterial cell wall, absorption

Pharmacokinetics of Marbofloxacin Following Oral Administration in Piperine, Quercetin Alone and Both in Combination Pretreated Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.B. Patel ◽  
U.D. Patel ◽  
C.M. Modi ◽  
V.C. Ladumor ◽  
C.N. Makwana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Apparent Volume ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Combined Pretreatment ◽  
Apparent Volume Of Distribution

Background: Various antibacterial drugs are substrates for drug metabolizing enzymes. They suffer from reduced bioavailability after oral administration in chickens. Herbal bio-enhancers increased the absorption of co-administered drugs. Hence, present study was planned to explore the bio-enhancing effect of piperine and quercetin pretreatment on pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after oral administration in broiler chickens.Methods: The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin was investigated following single dose (5 mg/kg) oral administration in piperine, quercetin alone and both in combination pretreated (10 mg/kg each, oral, 3 days) broiler chickens. The concentrations of marbofloxacin in plasma samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography.Result: Following single oral administration of marbofloxacin, elimination half-lives (t1/2β) were 6.23 ± 1.01, 5.69 ± 0.39 and 7.71 ± 0.59 h in piperine, quercetin and both in combination pretreated chickens, respectively. The elimination half-life (t1/2β), apparent volume of distribution (Vd(area)/F) and mean residence time (MRT) were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in combination pretreated chickens as compared to piperine and quercetin alone groups. Piperine and quercetin combined pretreatment has improved the pharmacokinetics profile of marbofloxacin after oral administration in broiler chickens. Findings of the study are expedient for the development of protocol for use of bio-enhancers with antibiotics in broiler chickens.

ESTIMATION OF THE WITHDRAWAL PERIOD FOR AMOXICILLIN IN POMPANO (TRACHINOTUS BLOCHII) SERUM AND MUSCLE

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Yih Wang ◽  
Shi-Yuan Sheu ◽  
Jiann-Hsiung Wang ◽  
Ming-Huang Chang ◽  
Pay-Heng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Multiple Dosing ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Maximum Threshold ◽  
Trachinotus Blochii

Amoxicillin is one of the most popular antibiotics used in aquaculture. To ensure the residue of amoxicillin in the serum and the muscle of pompano (Trachinotus blochii) is below the established tolerance levels; we used reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure the amoxicillin in pompano after oral administration. The pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin in the serum and the muscle of pompano were established by single oral administration or administrations for five consecutive days at the dose of 40 mg/kg. After different depletion periods, amoxicillin residue was analyzed in both the serum and the muscle fillets by HPLC. The verified concentrations of this method were 0.01 to 10 μg/mL; the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.04 and 0.1 μg/g. The concentration of amoxicillin in the serum of pompano reached the maximum threshold of 7.36 μg/g after 0.5 h depletion in the experiment with a single dose of amoxicillin (40 mg/kg of body weight). In addition, the maximal concentration (1.96 μg/g) of amoxicillin was detected in the muscle 2 h after depletion. Furthermore, the residue levels had decreased below the limit of detection after 48 h and 72 h in the serum and the muscle. Here we also suggested that 5 days of withdrawal were required after the multiple dosing of amoxicillin.

Effect of Long-term Oral Administration of an Immunostimulant Diet on Innate Immunity in Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

2000 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bagni ◽  
L. Archetti ◽  
M. Amadori ◽  
G. Marino
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sea Bass

Efficient Co-Harvesting of Solar Energy and Low-Grade Heat by Molecular Photoswitches for High Energy Density, Long-Term Stable Solar Thermal Battery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Yang Zhang ◽  
Tao LI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thermal Battery ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Solar energy and ambient heat are two inexhaustible energy sources for addressing the global challenge of energy and sustainability. Solar thermal battery based on molecular switches that can store solar energy and release it as heat has recently attracted great interest, but its development is severely limited by both low energy density and short storage stability. On the other hand, the efficient recovery and upgrading of low-grade heat, especially that of the ambient heat, has been a great challenge. Here we report that solar energy and ambient heat can be simultaneously harvested and stored, which is enabled by room-temperature photochemical crystal-to-liquid transitions of small-molecule photoswitches. The two forms of energy are released together to produce high-temperature heat during the reverse photochemical phase change. This strategy, combined with molecular design, provides high energy density of 320-370 J/g and long-term storage stability (half-life of about 3 months). On this basis, we fabricate high-performance, flexible film devices of solar thermal battery, which can be readily recharged at room temperature with good cycling ability, show fast rate of heat release, and produce high-temperature heat that is >20<sup> o</sup>C higher than the ambient temperature. Our work opens up a new avenue to harvest ambient heat, and demonstrate a feasible strategy to develop high-performance solar thermal battery.

Efficient Co-Harvesting of Solar Energy and Low-Grade Heat by Molecular Photoswitches for High Energy Density, Long-Term Stable Solar Thermal Battery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Yang Zhang ◽  
Tao LI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thermal Battery ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Solar energy and ambient heat are two inexhaustible energy sources for addressing the global challenge of energy and sustainability. Solar thermal battery based on molecular switches that can store solar energy and release it as heat has recently attracted great interest, but its development is severely limited by both low energy density and short storage stability. On the other hand, the efficient recovery and upgrading of low-grade heat, especially that of the ambient heat, has been a great challenge. Here we report that solar energy and ambient heat can be simultaneously harvested and stored, which is enabled by room-temperature photochemical crystal-to-liquid transitions of small-molecule photoswitches. The two forms of energy are released together to produce high-temperature heat during the reverse photochemical phase change. This strategy, combined with molecular design, provides high energy density of 320-370 J/g and long-term storage stability (half-life of about 3 months). On this basis, we fabricate high-performance, flexible film devices of solar thermal battery, which can be readily recharged at room temperature with good cycling ability, show fast rate of heat release, and produce high-temperature heat that is >20<sup> o</sup>C higher than the ambient temperature. Our work opens up a new avenue to harvest ambient heat, and demonstrate a feasible strategy to develop high-performance solar thermal battery.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with acute ischemiс stroke is associated with a decrease in plasma glutathione levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Maksimova ◽  
A. V. Ivanov ◽  
K. A. Nikiforova ◽  
F. R. Ochtova ◽  
E. T. Suanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Glutathione Level ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Group ◽  
Reduced Forms

Ischemic stroke (IS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus are factors that affect the homeostasis of low-molecularweight aminothiols (cysteine, homocysteine, glutathione etc.). It has already been shown that IS in the acute period led to a decrease a level of reduced forms of aminothiols, but it is not clear whether type 2 diabetes mellitus has a noticeable effect there. Objective: to reveal the features of homeostasis of aminothiols in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in acute IS. Material and methods. The study involved 76 patients with primary middle cerebral artery IS in the first 10–24 hours after development of neurological symptoms. Group 1 included 15 patients with IS and type 2 diabetes mellitus, group 2 — 61 patients with IS and stress hyperglycemia. Their total plasma levels of cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione, their reduced forms, and redox status were determined at admission (in the first 24 hours after IS). Results. There was a decrease in the level of total glutathione level (1.27 vs. 1.65 μM, p = 0.021), as well as its reduced form (0.03 vs. 0.04 μM, p = 0.007) in patients with IS and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had a low redox status of homocysteine (0.65–1.2%) and glutathione (0.7–2.0%) were also characterized by a decrease in total glutathione level (p = 0.02; p = 0.03). Conclusion. Thus, type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a decrease in the level of total glutathione in acute IS. Probably, type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by a particular relationship between the metabolism of homocysteine, glutathione and glucose. Therefore, the search for homocysteine-dependent approaches to correct glutathione metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus may be of interest as an adjuvant therapy for IS.

Use Of Tai Chi Elements To Increase Respiratory Amplitude

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Mihai-Alexandru Citea ◽  
Marius Neculaes
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Sports Club ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Abdominal Breathing ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Different Levels

High performance sport has a major impact on the physiological adaptations of the respiratory system. The importance of the optimal functioning of this system is essential to achieve top results in high performance sport but also in maintaining a long term health status. Science journals present numerous studies that highlight the benefits of practicing Tai Chi on the general population, with effects ranging from improving cardiac function, to influencing the immune system. The purpose of this study is to identify whether by practicing Tai Chi forms a athlete can change their breathing pattern and develop their respiratory amplitude. The subjects of the study were 22 fencing practitioners, accredited at the Iași Municipal Sports Club (C.S.M. Iași), aged between 14 and 18 years, with over 3 years of competitive activity. Materials and method: The study participants were evaluated initially and at the end of 7 months of practice. The frequency was 3 sessions per week, and the duration of each session was 20-30 minutes. The evaluation consisted in measuring the circumference of the thorax at 3 different levels: subaxillary, medial thorax (T6-T7) and lower rib (diaphragmatic) in maximal inspiration and expiration. Conclusions: A constant evolution is observed in most of the exposed cases. In cases where this evolution is not visible, a change in the breathing mode can be noticed, transforming from an upper rib breathing into a thoracic or abdominal breathing. With the exception of one case, all subjects had an improvement of the value in the lower rib level.

Development and validation of a LC-MS/MS method for quantification of mobocertinib (TAK-788) in plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Xinyao Dou ◽  
Xinjie Zhang ◽  
Xianbei Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Study ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Selected Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Bioanalytical Method Validation ◽  
Extraction Recovery

Aim and Objective:: An analytical method for the determination of mobocertinib, an investigational tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was developed and optimized by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in rat plasma. Materials and Methods:: Plasma samples were pretreated by the protein precipitation method with a methanol solution of osimertinib as the internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed using an Inertsil ODS-3 column (50 mm × 4.6 mm, I.D. 5 μm) column with the temperature maintained at 40 °C. The mobile phase consisted of water (containing 0.1% formic acid) and methanol in a gradient mode at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Mass spectrometric detection was carried out in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode with positive electrospray ionization, and the mass transitions of mobocertinib and osimertinib were m/z 587.01 → 71.88 and m/z 499.80 → 71.94, respectively. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy and precision, extraction recovery and matrix effect, stability and carryover as per the guidelines for bioanalytical method validation (FDA, 2018). The method was applied to the pharmacokinetic study of mobocertinib in rats by oral gavage at the doses of 2, 6, and 18 mg/kg. A total of 216 plasma samples from 18 rats were analyzed. Results:: It showed good linearity over the range of 1-1000 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9957). The intra-batch accuracy was within 94.65-102.59% and the precision was within 5.49-10.46%. The inter-batch accuracy was within 97.08-102.25% with a precision of 7.54-10.13%. The extraction recovery and matrix factor were acceptable for the bioanalysis of mobocertinib. Additionally, mobocertinib was found to be stable under the detected conditions. Mobocertinib showed linear pharmacokinetic characteristics following oral administration to rats at 2.0-18.0 mg/kg. Conclusion:: The developed and validated method was successfully employed in the pharmacokinetic study in rats following oral administration of mobocertinib at the doses of 2, 6, and 18 mg/kg.

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