RESPONSE FROM COPPER AND SELENIUM WITH VITAMIN E INJECTIONS TO CATTLE PASTURED ON MINERAL AND ORGANIC GROUNDWATER SOILS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. MILTIMORE ◽  
J. L. MASON ◽  
J. M. McARTHUR ◽  
C. C. STRACHAN ◽  
J. B. CLAPP
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Good Drainage ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Inorganic Sulfate

An experiment, using a total of 127 cattle on one ranch over a 2-yr period and 82 cattle at two separate locations on a second ranch in 1 yr, tested injections of copper (Cu) and injections of selenium (Se) with vitamin E, separately and in combination. Injections of 100 mg Cu as copper calcium edetate resulted in an increased overall daily gain of 118 g or 22%. The injections of Se and vitamin E did not significantly increase gain and there was no synergistic effect when the two materials were given together. The crude protein, inorganic sulfate, S, P, Ca, K, Mg, Cu, Mo, Fe, Mn, Zn, and B concentrations were determined on grass from the experimental pastures and from grass growing in fields around one ranch. These latter forages were collected in seven paired locations with one member forage of each set being harvested from an organic groundwater soil and the other from an adjacent clay soil where there was good drainage. Forage growing on well-drained soils had a Cu/Mo ratio of 1.9, which was almost treble the 0.7 ratio found in forage grown on the groundwater soil. Cu levels in hair from cattle on ranch B, given only Cu injections, averaged 13.4 ppm Cu on an oven-dry weight basis, which was 54% higher in Cu than hair from the control cattle. The mean concentration of Se in hair of cattle receiving Se with vitamin E was 60 ppm, which was not significantly different from the control at 58 ppm.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of bambara groundnut (V. subterranea L. Verdc) seed parts

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Olaleye ◽  
EI Adeyeye ◽  
AJ Adesina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Bioavailability ◽  
Good For

The levels of proximate composition, minerals, antinutrients, fibre components and calculated parameters for mineral bioavailability were determined in the testa, dehulled and whole seeds of Bambara groundnut on dry weight basis. Proximate levels were (g/100 g): ash (2.46- 4.36); crude fat (2.47-6.99); crude protein (15.2-22.2); crude fibre (1.03-22.9) and carbohydrate (51.6-61.9). The non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) components were (%): ADF, 7.13-29.0 (or 16.1 %-65.5 %); NDF, 1.77-23.6 (or 6.28 %-83.7 %); ADL, 6.15-28.0 (or 14.9 %-67.8 %); cellulose, 1.36-23.3 (or 5.02 %-86.0 %) and hemicellulose, 0.84-26.5 (or 2.86 %-90.1 %). In minerals (mg/100 g): Mn, Co and Cu were not detected; Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and P were low in values whereas Zn was high at 11.2-40.2. These parameters were also good for human health: Na/K (0.47-0.51) and Ca/Mg (2.58-4.36). Antinutrient values showed that Phy was high (14.4-29.2 mg/g); oxalate was high (5.02- 8.59 mg/g) and unavailable phosphorus as Pp % of P (10.2-49.3 %). The mineral bioavailability showed Ca/Phy to be good at 0.20-0.89 and [Ca] [Phy]/[Zn] to be good at 0.09-0.23 thereby making Zn bioavailable in all the samples. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i3.17325 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(3), 167-178, 2013

Fumonisin B1 and Hydrolyzed Fumonisin B1 (AP1) in Tortillas and Nixtamalized Corn (Zea mays L.) from Two Different Geographic Locations in Guatemala†

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1218-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
FILMORE I. MEREDITH ◽  
OLGA R. TORRES ◽  
SANDRA SAENZ de TEJADA ◽  
RONALD T. RILEY ◽  
ALFRED H. MERRILL
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Mean Concentration

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a common contaminant of corn worldwide and is responsible for several diseases of animals. In the preparation of tortillas, corn is treated with lime (producing nixtamal) that when heated hydrolyzes at least a portion of the FB1 to the aminopentol backbone (AP1), another known toxin. This study analyzed the amounts of FB1 and AP1 in tortillas and nixtamal from two communities in the central highlands of Guatemala where corn is a major dietary staple (Santa Maria de Jesus, Sacatepequez, and Patzicia, Chimaltenango). The amounts of FB1 and AP1 in tortillas from Santa Maria de Jesus were, respectively, 0.85 ± 2.0 and 26.1 ± 38.5 μg/g dry weight (mean ± SD), and from Patzicia were 2.2 ± 3.6 and 5.7 ± 9.4 μg/g dry weight. Less than 6% of the tortillas from both locations contained ≥10 μg FB1/g dry weight; whereas, 66% of the samples from Santa Maria de Jesus and 29% from Patzicia contained ≥10 μg AP1/g dry weight. The highest amount of AP1 (185 μg/g dry weight) was found in tortillas from Santa Maria de Jesus. The highest amounts of FB1 were 6.5 and 11.6 μg/g dry weight in tortillas from Santa Maria de Jesus and Patzicia, respectively. The mean concentration of FB1 in nixtamal was significantly higher in Santa Maria de Jesus compared to Patzicia. Surprisingly, AP1 was not detected in any of the nixtamal samples. The human impact of exposure to these amounts of fumonisins is not known. However, based on findings with other animals, where corn is a dietary staple, long-term consumption of FB1 and AP1 (especially at ≥10 μg/g of the diet) may pose a risk to human health.

Effect of the traditional cooking practice on fumonisin content of maize porridge consumed in the former Transkei region of South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. Shephard ◽  
J.P. Rheeder ◽  
L. van der Westhuizen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Conventional Manner ◽  
Maize Kernels

Fumonisin exposure in the rural district of Centane, former Transkei region of South Africa, has largely been determined from surveys of fumonisin levels in home-grown maize kernels collected from household storage cribs, rather than from the traditional cooked dishes. In this current study, five samples of home-grown maize kernels were ground in the conventional manner of the district, i.e. without separation of any kernel components. The contamination levels of total fumonisins (FB1+FB2+FB3) in the resultant meals ranged from 2.130 to 13.27 mg/kg. In each of two separate villages, five volunteer householders each cooked a portion of one of the maize meals into a traditional porridge. The resultant ten porridges were subsequently analysed for fumonisins by HPLC. The mean decrease in total fumonisin levels, based on a dry weight basis and corrected for recovery, was 11.3% (standard deviation 6.9%), confirming that preparation of traditional porridge has only a limited effect on fumonisin exposure in this population.

scholarly journals Analysis of α-Tocopherol in Tobacco and Cigarette Smoke

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Serban C. Moldoveanu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Hplc Technique ◽  
Good Agreement

Summaryα-Tocopherol, a type of vitamin E, has been known to be present in tobacco for many years. The compound is an antioxidant protecting cell membranes from oxidants. α-Tocopherol is transferred from tobacco into cigarette smoke, where it is also present. Analysis of α-tocopherol has been reported in a number of studies and in various matrices including tobacco and tobacco smoke. However, no recent publication describes a method for quantitative analysis of tocopherol in tobacco and in cigarette smoke, and many methods reported from previous studies were not published and only presented at conferences or communicated in internal company publications.The goal of this study was to quantitate α-tocopherol and, if present, α-tocopheryl acetate in tobacco and in tobacco smoke. For this analysis, an original HPLC technique was developed and is described in this report. Both UV and MS/MS (MRM mode) were used as detection procedure for the analysis. The results obtained using UV detection were in very good agreement with the results obtained using MS/MS detection. The method has been applied for the analysis of a number of tobaccos, as well as the total particulate matter (TPM) from cigarettes made with the same tobaccos. Depending on tobacco type, the levels of α-tocopherol vary in tobacco between about 200 μg/g up to about 900 μg/g (“dry weight basis”). For ISO type smoking, the levels of α-tocopherol vary in TPM between about 2 μg/mg up to slightly above 4 μg/mg of TPM. For a cigarette generating TPM of about 10 mg/cig, the α-tocopherol is between about 20 μg/cig up to about 40 μg/cig. A relatively good correlation was obtained between the level of α-tocopherol in smoke (ISO type smoking) and the level of the compound in tobacco. α-Tocopheryl acetate was absent in tobacco.

scholarly journals Microplastic abundance and distribution in the open water and sediment of the Ottawa River, Canada, and its tributaries

FACETS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse C. Vermaire ◽  
Carrington Pomeroy ◽  
Sofia M. Herczegh ◽  
Owen Haggart ◽  
Meaghan Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Microplastic pollution is prevalent in the Ottawa River, with all open water samples ( n = 62) and sediment samples ( n = 10) containing microplastics. The median microplastic concentration of nearshore 100 L water samples was 0.1 fragments per L (ranged between 0.05 and 0.24 fragments per L). The larger volume Manta trawls samples taken in the middle of the Ottawa River had an overall mean concentration of plastics of 1.35 fragments per m3. Plastic concentrations were significantly higher downstream of the wastewater treatment plant (1.99 fragments per m3) compared with upstream of the effluent output (0.71 fragments per m3), suggesting that the effluent plume is a pathway for plastic pollution to the Ottawa River. The mean concentration of microplastic fragments recovered in the sediment samples was 0.22 fragments per g dry weight. The abundance of microplastics in the sediment was not significantly related to the mean particle size or the organic content of the sediment. The most common form of plastic particles found was microfibers. These made up between 70% and 100% of all plastic particles observed, although plastic microbeads and secondary plastic fragments were also recovered.

Digestion of food by the grazing sheep. II. The production of ammonia in the rumen

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Production Of Ammonia

High concentrations of ammonia have been found in the rumen in grazing sheep at all seasons of the year. It has been established that the mean concentration of ammonia sustained in the rumen during a 24 hr period depends on the crude protein intake. Other factors which may affect the production of ammonia in and its removal from the rumen are also discussed.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Muscle Tissue of Pterois volitans from the Veracruz Reef System National Park, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montoya-Mendoza ◽  
Alarcón-Reyes ◽  
Castañeda-Chávez ◽  
Lango-Reynoso ◽  
Zamudio-Alemán
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Pterois Volitans ◽  
Reef System ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) were measured in the muscle of 30 specimens of Pterois volitans, captured on April 2018, in the Veracruz Reef System National Park (VRSNP), Veracruz, Mexico. Concentrations, in the samples, were quantified with atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), after microwave digestion. Results of the mean concentration, in descending order were V = 7.3 ± 0.7; Pb = 0.66 ± 0.07; Zn = 0.43 ± 0.14; and Cd = 0.03 ± 0.01 mg kg−¹ dry weight. These values did not exceeded limits established in the Mexican National Standard (NOM-242-SSA1-2009), of Cd and Pb (0.5 mg kg–¹) wet weight. This means that consumption of lionfish from this site does not pose a potential risk for human health.

scholarly journals Persistent organic pollutants in river food webs: influence of trophic position and degree of heterotrophy

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 2021-2032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olof Berglund ◽  
Per Nyström ◽  
Per Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Lipid Weight ◽  
The Mean

We investigated how the degree of autotrophy/heterotrophy and organism trophic position influenced the bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in 10 benthic river food webs consisting of terrestrial detritus, periphyton, invertebrates, and age-0 brown trout (Salmo trutta) in southern Sweden. Concentrations of PCBs increased with trophic position, estimated from δ15N and δ13C, on a dry weight basis (ng·g–1 dry weight) but not on a lipid weight basis (ng·g–1 lipid). PCB biomagnification factors between the first and second trophic levels (invertebrates/ periphyton and invertebrates/detritus) ranged between 0.3 and 2.3 and between the second and third levels (trout/invertebrates) between 0.3 and 2.0 on a lipid weight basis. The mean proportion of carbon ultimately derived from terrestrial sources, α, was 0.82 ± 0.19 for invertebrates and 0.67 ± 0.28 for trout. Contrary to our hypothesis, PCB concentrations in trout were positively related to α (r2 = 0.58–0.77, p < 0.05). As α and the periphyton density (g C·m–2) in the rivers was positively related (r2 = 0.88, p < 0.01), we propose that this relationship was due to an increased retention and exposure of PCBs to trout in rivers with low grazing pressure and high periphyton density.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN VITAMIN E TERHADAP KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus) YANG DIBERI PAPARAN SUHU

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Luhulima ◽  
Lydia Tendean ◽  
Edwin De Queljoe
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Observational Method ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract: Vitamin E is an antioxidant for two classes of molecule, namely Tocopherol and Tocotrienol that have role in body nutrient. Purpose of this study was to determine the effect and mechanism of vitamin E on the quality of spermatozoa of mice. This study used a descriptive observational method. The subject of the study consist of 27 mice were divided into 3 groups: group P0 not given temperature exposure and vitamin E, P1 groups given exposure to temperatures of 40°C, P2 groups given exposure to temperatures of 40°C and vitamin E. Treatment carried out for 32 days. The results of research on the P2 group showed improvement in the quality of spermatozoa with a mean concentration of spermatozoa (68.7 x105mL), the mean percentage of normal spermatozoa morphology (61%), the mean percentage of abnormal spermatozoa morphology (39%), the mean percentage spermatozoa motility Ma (38.1%). Conclusion: sperm quality can be improved with vitamin E after exposure to hot temperatures. Keywords: quality of spermatozoa, vitamin E, temperature exposure.     Abstrak: Vitamin E adalah antioksidan untuk dua kelas molekul zat yaitu tokoferol dan tokotrienol yang mempunyai aktivitas dalam nutrisi tubuh. Vitamin E melawan radikal bebas dengan menghambat perioksidasi lipid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan mekanisme vitamin E terhadap kualitas spermatozoa mencit. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional  deksriptif. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 27 ekor mencit yang terbagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kelompok P0 tidak diberikan paparan suhu dan vitamin E, kelompok P1 diberikan paparan suhu sebesar 40°C, kelompok P2 diberikan paparan suhu sebesar 40°C dan vitamin E. perlakuan dilakukan selama 32 hari. Hasil penelitian pada kelompok P2 menunjukkan perbaikan kualitas spermatozoa dengan rerata konsentrasi spermatozoa (68,7x105mL), persentase rerata morfologi normal (61%), persentase rerata morfologi abnormal spermatozoa (39%), persentase rerata motilitas Ma ( 38,1%). Simpulan: kualitas spermatozoa dapat diperbaiki dengan pemberian vitamin E setelah pemaparan suhu panas Kata kunci: kualitas spermatozoa, vitamin E, paparan suhu.

Effect of Varieties on the Composition of Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) — Note

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Sahari ◽  
M. Barzegar ◽  
R. Radfar
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Atomic Spectroscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
The Mean

Thirty-four date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties, from start of Tamr stage of maturity, were analyzed for moisture, protein, lipid and ash. The mean percent of moisture, protein, lipid and ash were 29.35, 3.3, 0.42 and 2.25 g/100 g (fresh weight basis), respectively. Predominant sugars were fructose (12.62—43.31 g/100 g) and glucose (16.41—54.23 g/100 g, fresh weight basis). Sucrose was not practically detected in most varieties (excepting in Zark variety). Mineral elements such as Na, Mg, K and Ca were determined by ICP atomic spectroscopy and their amounts were in the range of 4.46—47.74, 18.44—79.35, 203.61—982.97 and 23.24—73.85 mg/100 g (dry weight basis), respectively. These results were generally in agreement with those reported previously for some other varieties grown in the other dates producing countries. A few differences will be related to date variety, agro-climatic and environmental conditions.

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