COPPER AND ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION OF PIG DIETS CONTAINING SOYBEAN MEAL OR RAPESEED MEAL (BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS cv. SPAN)

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. OMOLE ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Dietary Copper ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Dietary Minerals ◽  
High Level ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Forty-eight crossbred pigs, equalized as to sex, were fed isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets with protein supplements from either soybean meal (SBM), rapeseed meal (RSM) from Brassica campestris cv. Span (low erucic acid oil) seed or a combination of SBM and RSM. Diets containing each source of protein were supplemented with 10, 135 or 210 ppm copper; some of the diets supplemented with 210 ppm copper were further supplemented with 200 ppm zinc in addition to the 50 ppm zinc added to all diets. Feed intake, efficiency of feed utilization and digestion coefficients for energy and nitrogen were not significantly (P < 0.05) affected by supplemental minerals, protein source or sex. Gain was lower (P < 0.10) for pigs fed RSM compared with SBM or SBM and RSM combined. Copper concentrations in the liver and kidney increased with increase in dietary copper levels. Two hundred and fifty ppm zinc decreased (nonsignificantly) copper stores in livers and kidneys of copper-fed pigs. Muscle and fat copper levels were not influenced by dietary minerals. Oleic acid (18:1) was higher in the depot fats of pigs receiving high level copper supplements. Dietary zinc or protein did not significantly affect fatty acid composition of adipose tissue.

COMPARISON OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEAL, COMMERCIAL RAPESEED MEAL AND SOYBEAN MEAL AS PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS FOR GROWING PIGS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Isocaloric Diets ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Thirty-six crossbred pigs, equally divided between gilts and barrows, were fed from an average of 6 wk of age to market weight on three dietary treatments. Isonitrogenous, isocaloric diets were supplemented with either soybean meal (SBM), low glucosinolate rapeseed meal (RSM) from Brassica napus cv. Bronowski or commercial RSM of B. campestris origin. Metabolic studies were conducted at average weights of 14 and 31 kg and there were no significant differences in coefficients for digestible energy, metabolizable energy, digestible nitrogen or nitrogen retention between treatments, between sexes, or between periods. During the first 6 wk of the experiment and for the overall experiment, there was a difference between sexes in their response to low glucosinolate RSM. Barrows gained at a similar rate when fed diets supplemented with either SBM or low glucosinolate RSM, but more slowly on diets supplemented with commercial RSM. Gilts gained more slowly when fed either RSM than when fed a SBM-supplemented diet. The results suggest that there may be a factor, other than glucosinolates, present in RSM that tends to depress performance of gilts but not of barrows. This depression arising from either source of RSM was not associated with digestibility of energy or nitrogen or with nitrogen retention.

EVALUATION OF CANDLE RAPESEED MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SWINE

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
D. M. ANDERSON ◽  
A. SHIRES
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Protein Supplements

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate rapeseed meal (RSM) produced from seed of Brassica campestris L. ’Candle’ in comparison with B. napus L. ’Tower’, soybean meal and fababeans (Vicia faba) as protein supplements for growing swine. In experiment 1 Candle RSM (5, 10 or 15%) was substituted for soybean meal or fababeans in barley- and wheat-based diets for 120 pigs from 23 to 88 kg liveweight. The effects of supplementary iodine (0.14 mg I/kg diet) and amino acids (0.15% lysine and 0.05% methionine) on the nutritive value of Candle RSM were also studied. The results of experiment 1 indicated that daily feed intake and carcass value index were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by diets. The growth and feed utilization responses of pigs fed diets which contained soybean meal and fababeans as the sole source of supplementary protein were similar and the replacement of these protein supplements with Candle RSM, unless supplemented with amino acids, resulted in a reduction in rate of growth and efficiency of feed utilization. Gains adjusted by regression for feed intake variations showed benefit from lysine. Diets containing 15 % of either Candle or Tower RSM, plus lysine, were utilized about 95% as efficiently as soybean meal diets. Supplementation with iodine produced no significant response. The digestibility coefficients of the protein and energy of Candle RSM and soybean meal were determined in experiment 2. The apparent digestibility of protein in Candle RSM was 81% and energy digestibility was 71%. The digestible energy content was 14.12 MJ/kg (3370 kcal/kg), dry matter basis.

UTILIZATION OF GROUND SEED OR MEAL FROM LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPE (BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS cv. SPAN) IN DIETS FOR GROWING–FINISHING PIGS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL ◽  
T. M. MALLARD
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Ground Seed ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

Sixty-four pigs, fed ad libitum from 24 to 91 kg liveweight, were used to compare the effects upon live performance, carcass measurements and backfat composition of including rapeseed meal, derived from B. campestris (cv. Span) or B. napus (cv. Target), or ground Span rapeseed as 10% of diets based on barley with meatmeal or soybean meal as the source of supplementary protein. A further 32 pigs were similarly fed on barley/meatmeal diets containing 0, 4, 8 or 12% of the ground Span rapeseed. Pigs receiving diets containing Span or Target rapeseed meals grew 5 and 15%, respectively, slower than those fed the control diets (0.75 kg/day). The feed:gain ratio was improved with the Span diets (3.77 vs. 3.87) but not with the Target diets (3.97). Estimates of carcass quality also suggested that the meal from Span was superior. Backfat composition was similar on all rapeseed meal diets. Increasing the level of dietary rapeseed tended to reduce the growth rate by up to 11%, but improved the feed:gain ratio up to 8%, and the carcass quality. At levels exceeding 4% there was a marked increase in the degree of unsaturation of the backfat, reflecting increased proportions of linoleic and linolenic acids.

SUPPLEMENTAL COPPER FOR SWINE: GROWTH, DIGESTIBILITY AND CARCASS MEASUREMENTS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Castell ◽  
J. P. Bowland
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Four experiments were conducted with a total of 144 pigs to study the effects on rate of gain, efficiency of feed utilization, digestibility and retention of nutrients and carcass characteristics of adding 0.10% CuSO4∙5H2O to the diets of crossbred pigs, fed ad libitum or restricted to scale, from weaning to market weight. The diets contained either fishmeal or soybean meal as protein supplements and were formulated to contain 14 or 17% protein. For ad libitum-fed pigs, the addition of copper to the diet improved rate of gain by 6.2% and efficiency of feed utilization by 3.8% up to 50 kg liveweight, with a lesser improvement for restricted pigs. The increased gain and reduced feed per kg gain with copper supplements were more apparent when fishmeal rather than soybean meal and a high rather than a low protein level were fed. Rate of gain and efficiency of feed utilization were increased only slightly by copper supplements when the overall growth period to market weight was considered. In digestibility studies, chromium sesquioxide as an indicator and total fecal collection gave comparable results, but digestibility coefficients were higher when the total collection method was used. Energy digestibility and nitrogen digestibility and retention were not consistently influenced by supplemental copper. Metabolizable energy was not altered by supplemental copper in the diet. The carcasses of ad libitum-fed pigs receiving supplemental copper with high protein were generally lower in backfat, and had larger cross-sectional areas of the loin and higher carcass ROP scores, than those receiving no supplemental copper. However, pigs fed ad libitum copper-supplemented diets containing fishmeal yielded a large proportion of carcasses with soft fat. This softer consistency of fat was less apparent in carcasses of pigs fed soybean meal and did not occur at market weight in pigs fed diets restricted to scale.

EFFECTS OF ADDED RAPESEED GUMS IN CHICK DIETS CONTAINING SOYBEAN MEAL OR LOW-ERUCIC ACID, LOW GLUCOSINOLATE, RAPESEED MEAL

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. MARCH ◽  
RAYMOND SOONG
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

Gums derived from the refining of rapeseed oils from cvs. Tower and Midas were tested for their effects when fed to chicks. No adverse effects of the gums were found whether the gums were fed in a soybean meal diet or added back to rapeseed (Tower) meal which was then fed in substitution for soybean meal.

EFFECTS OF FEEDING LOW AND HIGH GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEALS AND SOYBEAN MEAL ON THYROID FUNCTION OF YOUNG PIGS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. McKINNON ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Free Thyroxine Index ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

In two experiments, 113 pigs were fed diets containing up to 25.3% low-glucosinolate, low-erucic acid rapeseed meal (cv. Tower = 00-RSM) or 31.3% commercially available rapeseed meal (C-RSM) as partial or complete replacements for soybean meal (SBM). The diets, formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric, were fed ad libitum to the pigs from 4 to 10 wk of age. Serum triiodothyronine uptake (T-3 uptake) was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the SBM diet compared with the other diets. In experiment 1, tetraiodothyronine (T-4) levels of 10-wk-old pigs fed the SBM diet were greater (P < 0.05) than pigs fed C-RSM or C-RSM + SBM diets. The free thyroxine index (T-3 uptake/100 × T-4) was lowest (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the C-RSM diet. In experiment 2, serum T-4 levels of pigs fed the SBM and 00-RSM + SBM diets were higher (P < 0.05) than for those of pigs fed other diets. Serum cholesterol levels of pigs fed the 00-RSM, C-RSM and C-RSM + SBM diets were higher (P < 0.05) than was found with the SBM or 00-RSM + SBM diets. Thyroid weight was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the C-RSM or C-RSM + SBM diets. The height of epithelial cells was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the 00-RSM and C-RSM diets and weight of epithelium of all pigs fed RSM indicated epithelial hypertrophy compared with those fed the SBM diet. The results suggested that thyroid function of pigs fed high levels of 00-RSM might be impaired compared with those fed SBM as the sole supplementary protein source in cereal-based diets, but less severely than with pigs fed C-RSM.

EFFECTS OF CULTIVAR ON THE UTILIZATION OF GROUND RAPESEE IN DIETS FOR GROWING–FINISHING PIGS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Low erucic acid cultivars of Brassica campestris L. (Span and Torch) and B. napus L. (Midas and Tower) were used to examine the effects of cultivar on the performance of 132 crossbred pigs fed, from 23 kg to 89 kg liveweight, diets containing ground rapeseed. The oil percentages and levels of total glucosinolates (mg/g oil-free meal) were, respectively, 39.1 and 8.2 (Span), 40.2 and 7.8 (Torch), 44.7 and 12.0 (Midas), 43.2 and 3.4 (Tower). Growth rates on 17% crude protein diets containing 10% rapeseed in experiment 1 ranged from 637 g/day (Midas) to 797 g/day (Tower), a significant (P < 0.05) difference, although feed:gain ratios and carcass measurements did not differ significantly between the four dietary groups. Results from experiment 2, in which B. campestris cultivars were used as 0 and 10% of pelleted diets fed for two 45-min periods daily, indicated that rapeseed depressed daily feed intake and gain significantly (P < 0.01) but did not adversely affect carcass measurements. Increasing the dietary level of B. napus cultivars, from 0 to 15% in experiment 3, depressed daily feed intake and gain of pigs fed Midas (P < 0.05) or Tower (NS) diets. Feed:gain ratios and carcass data were similar to those of the control pigs. Although Midas-fed pigs exhibited poorer (P < 0.01) live performance, their carcasses had less backfat (P < 0.01) with higher Carcass Value Indices (P < 0.01) and Record of Performance Scores (P < 0.05) than those fed tower diets. Results from the three experiments suggested that inclusion of rapeseed influenced the performance of growing–finishing pigs by an effect upon both the energy content and glucosinolate level of the diet consumed.

INFLUENCE OF PHYTIC ACID AND CRUDE FIBRE ON THE AVAILABILITY OF MINERALS FROM FOUR PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS IN GROWING CHICKS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. NWOKOLO ◽  
D. B. BRAGG
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Phytic Acid Content ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Commercial broiler chicks were used in a study to determine the influence of dietary phytic acid and crude fibre on the availability of Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, P and Zn in palm kernel meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal. Results showed that phytic acid content varied from 0.85 to 1.92% of the sample among ingredients that were tested. Crude fibre varied from 6.5% in soybean meal to 17.5% in palm kernel meal. The retention of all minerals was adversely affected by either phytic acid or crude fibre. Several minerals showed a significant inverse relationship to both phytic acid and crude fibre.

NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF LOW AND HIGH FIBRE FRACTIONS OF RAPESEED MEAL USING CHICKENS AND PIGS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. BAYLEY ◽  
D. C. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
High Fibre

Samples of Brassica napus and B. campestris rapeseed meals were separated into fractions low in crude fibre or high in crude fibre using an ’air classifier.’ The original meals contained 15% crude fibre and these levels were reduced to 8 and 10%, respectively, for the ’low fibre’ fractions from the two types of rapeseed meal, and increased to 23% in the ’high fibre’ fractions. There was 42.2 and 40.5% crude protein, respectively, in the original meals, and this was increased to 46.7% and 45.2%, respectively, in the low fibre fractions and reduced to 33% and 37%, respectively, in the high fibre fractions. The above six samples, along with rapeseed meal from the Bronowski cultivar of B. napus and 49% protein soybean meal were assayed for metabolizable energy using 4-wk-old chicks. The classical metabolizable energy values of the B. napus, B. campestris and Bronowski meals were 1.49, 1.66 and 1.71 kcal/g compared to 2.26 kcal/g for the soybean meal. The low fibre fractions from both types of rapeseed had a metabolizable energy value of 2.19 kcal/g, whilst the values for the high fibre fractions were 1.36 and 1.56 kcal/g, respectively, for B. napus and B. campestris. Incorporation of the rapeseed products as protein supplements in isocaloric 17% crude protein broiler diets resulted in similar gains for the three diets containing rapeseed meal and for a control diet containing soybean meal; however, gains were reduced for both the low and high fibre fractions. The poor performance of the birds on the diet containing the low fibre fractions was probably due to the birds having difficulty in consuming the dry powdery diet. A further growth study with 23% protein broiler diets showed that replacing one half or all the supplementary protein from soybean with the rapeseed low fibre fractions reduced weight gain, although in both experiments the rate of gain per unit liveweight over the last week of the experiment was similar for all diets, again suggesting that the birds had difficulty in adjusting to the diet. The digestible energy value of the B. campestris meal for 25-kg barrow pigs was 3.47 kcal/g. The values for the low and high fibre fractions from this meal were 3.67 and 3.39, respectively.

scholarly journals Dietary fermented rapeseed or/and soybean meal additives on performance and intestinal health of piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Czech ◽  
Eugeniusz Ryszard Grela ◽  
Martyna Kiesz
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the effect of fermented dried soybean (FSBM) and/or fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) in diets for weaned piglets on production results, nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal tract histology, and the composition of the gut microbiota. Piglets in the control group received standard diets with soybean meal. Animals in all experimental groups received diets in which a portion of the soybean meal was replaced: in group FR—8% FRSM; in group FR/FS—6% FRSM and 2% FSBM; in group FS/FR—2% FRSM and 6% FSBM and in group FS—8% FSBM. The use of 8% FRSM or 6% FRSM and 2% FSBM in the piglet diets had a positive effect on average daily gains. Piglets from the FR and FR/FS groups had the highest feed conversion rate. Group FS/FR and FS piglets had significantly lower mortality and lower incidence of diarrhoea. Piglets fed a diet with the fermented components, in particular with 8% FRSM or 6% FRSM and 2% FSBM, exhibited a positive effect on the microbiological composition and histology of intestines, which resulted in improved nutrient digestibility coefficients (ATTD and AID).

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