UTILIZATION OF GROUND SEED OR MEAL FROM LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPE (BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS cv. SPAN) IN DIETS FOR GROWING–FINISHING PIGS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL ◽  
T. M. MALLARD
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Ground Seed ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

Sixty-four pigs, fed ad libitum from 24 to 91 kg liveweight, were used to compare the effects upon live performance, carcass measurements and backfat composition of including rapeseed meal, derived from B. campestris (cv. Span) or B. napus (cv. Target), or ground Span rapeseed as 10% of diets based on barley with meatmeal or soybean meal as the source of supplementary protein. A further 32 pigs were similarly fed on barley/meatmeal diets containing 0, 4, 8 or 12% of the ground Span rapeseed. Pigs receiving diets containing Span or Target rapeseed meals grew 5 and 15%, respectively, slower than those fed the control diets (0.75 kg/day). The feed:gain ratio was improved with the Span diets (3.77 vs. 3.87) but not with the Target diets (3.97). Estimates of carcass quality also suggested that the meal from Span was superior. Backfat composition was similar on all rapeseed meal diets. Increasing the level of dietary rapeseed tended to reduce the growth rate by up to 11%, but improved the feed:gain ratio up to 8%, and the carcass quality. At levels exceeding 4% there was a marked increase in the degree of unsaturation of the backfat, reflecting increased proportions of linoleic and linolenic acids.

EFFECTS OF CULTIVAR ON THE UTILIZATION OF GROUND RAPESEE IN DIETS FOR GROWING–FINISHING PIGS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Low erucic acid cultivars of Brassica campestris L. (Span and Torch) and B. napus L. (Midas and Tower) were used to examine the effects of cultivar on the performance of 132 crossbred pigs fed, from 23 kg to 89 kg liveweight, diets containing ground rapeseed. The oil percentages and levels of total glucosinolates (mg/g oil-free meal) were, respectively, 39.1 and 8.2 (Span), 40.2 and 7.8 (Torch), 44.7 and 12.0 (Midas), 43.2 and 3.4 (Tower). Growth rates on 17% crude protein diets containing 10% rapeseed in experiment 1 ranged from 637 g/day (Midas) to 797 g/day (Tower), a significant (P < 0.05) difference, although feed:gain ratios and carcass measurements did not differ significantly between the four dietary groups. Results from experiment 2, in which B. campestris cultivars were used as 0 and 10% of pelleted diets fed for two 45-min periods daily, indicated that rapeseed depressed daily feed intake and gain significantly (P < 0.01) but did not adversely affect carcass measurements. Increasing the dietary level of B. napus cultivars, from 0 to 15% in experiment 3, depressed daily feed intake and gain of pigs fed Midas (P < 0.05) or Tower (NS) diets. Feed:gain ratios and carcass data were similar to those of the control pigs. Although Midas-fed pigs exhibited poorer (P < 0.01) live performance, their carcasses had less backfat (P < 0.01) with higher Carcass Value Indices (P < 0.01) and Record of Performance Scores (P < 0.05) than those fed tower diets. Results from the three experiments suggested that inclusion of rapeseed influenced the performance of growing–finishing pigs by an effect upon both the energy content and glucosinolate level of the diet consumed.

EFFECTS OF RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF CEREAL AND CANOLA RAPESEED MEAL TO THE DIETARY PROTEIN ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GROWING-FINISHING PIGS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Individual Self

Bonanza barley, containing 11.0% protein, and Glenlea wheat (13.4% protein) were separately supplemented with two levels (10.7 and 18.8%) of low-erucic acid, low-glucosinolate rapeseed (canola) meal (36.3% protein) to provide barley diets and wheat diets containing 13.7 or 16.3% and 15.8 or 17.5 total protein, respectively. One of four pigs, in each of six pens, were allotted to each of the four diets, provided as pellets in individual self-feeders. Access to the assigned diet was restricted to two 45-min periods daily over the period from 26 to 96 kg average liveweight. Pigs fed the 18.8% canola diets had better performance up to 56 kg liveweight but subsequent performance was similar in all groups. Although dietary treatment did not significantly affect carcass data, there was a trend for pigs fed the barley-18.8% canola diet to be superior in measurements of carcass quality. Apparent digestibility of energy and nitrogen was higher for the wheat diets. Assessment of relative palatabilities favored the diets containing 10.7% canola meal.

The effect of using fibrous feeds as nutrient diluents on the carcass quality and performance of finishing pigs fed ad libitum

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
B P Gill ◽  
A G Taylor ◽  
B Hardy ◽  
J G Perrott
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Meat Eating ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Performance

Satisfactory levels of performance and improved carcass and meat eating quality in growing pigs fed high levels of sugar beet pulp (SBP) have been recently demonstrated by Kay et al. (1990) and Longland et al. (1991). One of the main advantages from feeding SBP was a reduction in carcass fatness and increased returns from improved grading. The objective of this work was to determine whether these benefits could be sustained to heavier finishing weights and to compare differences in the response to SBP as a source of readily fermentable non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and to oat feed (OF), a cereal by-product high in insoluble NSP, which is less easily degraded.

COPPER AND ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION OF PIG DIETS CONTAINING SOYBEAN MEAL OR RAPESEED MEAL (BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS cv. SPAN)

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. OMOLE ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Dietary Copper ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Dietary Minerals ◽  
High Level ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Forty-eight crossbred pigs, equalized as to sex, were fed isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets with protein supplements from either soybean meal (SBM), rapeseed meal (RSM) from Brassica campestris cv. Span (low erucic acid oil) seed or a combination of SBM and RSM. Diets containing each source of protein were supplemented with 10, 135 or 210 ppm copper; some of the diets supplemented with 210 ppm copper were further supplemented with 200 ppm zinc in addition to the 50 ppm zinc added to all diets. Feed intake, efficiency of feed utilization and digestion coefficients for energy and nitrogen were not significantly (P < 0.05) affected by supplemental minerals, protein source or sex. Gain was lower (P < 0.10) for pigs fed RSM compared with SBM or SBM and RSM combined. Copper concentrations in the liver and kidney increased with increase in dietary copper levels. Two hundred and fifty ppm zinc decreased (nonsignificantly) copper stores in livers and kidneys of copper-fed pigs. Muscle and fat copper levels were not influenced by dietary minerals. Oleic acid (18:1) was higher in the depot fats of pigs receiving high level copper supplements. Dietary zinc or protein did not significantly affect fatty acid composition of adipose tissue.

EFFECTS OF FEEDING LOW AND HIGH GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEALS AND SOYBEAN MEAL ON THYROID FUNCTION OF YOUNG PIGS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. McKINNON ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Free Thyroxine Index ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

In two experiments, 113 pigs were fed diets containing up to 25.3% low-glucosinolate, low-erucic acid rapeseed meal (cv. Tower = 00-RSM) or 31.3% commercially available rapeseed meal (C-RSM) as partial or complete replacements for soybean meal (SBM). The diets, formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric, were fed ad libitum to the pigs from 4 to 10 wk of age. Serum triiodothyronine uptake (T-3 uptake) was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the SBM diet compared with the other diets. In experiment 1, tetraiodothyronine (T-4) levels of 10-wk-old pigs fed the SBM diet were greater (P < 0.05) than pigs fed C-RSM or C-RSM + SBM diets. The free thyroxine index (T-3 uptake/100 × T-4) was lowest (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the C-RSM diet. In experiment 2, serum T-4 levels of pigs fed the SBM and 00-RSM + SBM diets were higher (P < 0.05) than for those of pigs fed other diets. Serum cholesterol levels of pigs fed the 00-RSM, C-RSM and C-RSM + SBM diets were higher (P < 0.05) than was found with the SBM or 00-RSM + SBM diets. Thyroid weight was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the C-RSM or C-RSM + SBM diets. The height of epithelial cells was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the 00-RSM and C-RSM diets and weight of epithelium of all pigs fed RSM indicated epithelial hypertrophy compared with those fed the SBM diet. The results suggested that thyroid function of pigs fed high levels of 00-RSM might be impaired compared with those fed SBM as the sole supplementary protein source in cereal-based diets, but less severely than with pigs fed C-RSM.

Feed Intake, growth and carcass quality of improved genotypes of growing/finishing pigs

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 135-135
Author(s):  
S.A. Chadd ◽  
D.J.A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Selection For

There have been a number of reports that voluntary feed intake (VFI) of modern pig genotypes may be the limitation to their growth performance. It has been suggested that selection for leanness (Fowler et al. 1976) and breeding for faster growth may have reduced appetite.In addition there is only limited information about the effect on VFI, performance and carcass characteristics of pigs fed ad libitum to liveweights greater than 100kg. A study was therefore undertaken to compare VFI and energy intake of improved genotypes with predicted intakes based on earlier genotypes (ARC, 1981). The associated effects on performance and carcass characteristics at heavier slaughter weights were also studied.

PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS RESPONSES TO DIETARY INCLUSION OF RAW SOYBEANS (CV. MAPLE AMBER) BY BOARS FED AD LIBITUM FROM 30 TO 95 KILOGRAMS LIVEWEIGHT

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL ◽  
R. L. CLIPLEF
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Ad Libitum

Cull raw soybeans (SB), cv. Maple Amber, containing 17% oil and 36% crude protein (CP), were included as 0, 4.5, 9, 13.5, 18 and 22.5% of barley-based diets formulated to contain 16% CP. The mash diets were fed ad libitum to a total of 53 Landrace boars over the period from 30 to 95 kg average liveweight using a randomized block design with three replicates. Live performance responses to the increase in dietary SB content included a decline in overall growth rate (from 830 to 639 g d−1, P < 0.01) and efficiency of feed conversion (from 333 to 269 g gain per kg feed, P < 0.01). Post-kill measurements indicated an effect of dietary SB level on side weight (from 46 to 43% of carcass, P < 0.01), liver weight (from 24.8 to 28.2 g kg−1 warm carcass, P < 0.01) and areas of lean in the loin cross-section (from 31 to 26 cm2, P < 0.01) and ham face (from 137 to 121 cm2, P < 0.01) for pigs fed 0 and 22.5% SB diets, respectively. Analyses of samples of longissimus dorsi revealed a reduction in CP content (from 22.9 to 21.5%, P < 0.01) and increase in moisture content (from 74.4 to 75.4%, P < 0.05) for pigs fed the highest SB level compared to the control pigs. Iodine absorption numbers of the outer backfat layer increased, from 58 to 70 (P < 0.01), with the SB level fed. Sensory evaluation revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in incidence of off-flavor in loin roasts from boars fed diets containing more than 9% SB. The overall results suggested that a diet containing up to 5% SB would be unlikely to adversely affect performance or carcass merit of growing-finishing pigs. Key words: Pig, soybeans, live performance, carcass criteria, meat quality

The effects of rapeseed meal on the growth, feed intake, feed utilization and carcase characteristics of grower finisher pigs

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (63) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Taverner ◽  
PD Mullaney
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

The effects of replacing part or all of meat meal with rapeseed meal as the only protein supplement to diets based on wheat and fed to grower and finisher pigs were studied in two experiments using a factorial design which included two levels of feeding (restricted and ad libitum), two levels of lysine (0 and 0.3 per cent lysine HCl) and two sexes (gilt and barrow). When the intake of pigs was restricted rapeseed meal was able to replace 50 per cent of the meat meal protein without affecting growth performance. However, when rapeseed meal comprised greater than 14 per cent of the diet there was a depression in performance. Under ad libitum feeding conditions the replacement of any meat meal by rapeseed meal depressed performance apparently due to a lack of palatability of rapeseed meal. Diets based on wheat and supplemented with meat meal alone or with up to 75 per cent of meat meal protein replaced by rapeseed meal protein were found limiting in lysine content for growing pigs but adequate for finishing pigs.

The Effect of Feeding System on the Carcass Quality of Crossbred Lambs with Texel

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Angela Cividini ◽  
Dušan Terčič ◽  
Mojca Simčič
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Carcass Cuts

The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of feeding system on the growth rate and carcass quality of crossbred Improved Jezersko-Solčava x Texel (JSRT) lambs and to evaluate the effect of sex on these traits. The trial was conducted in nature according to the traditional rearing systems. The trial included 44 crossbred lambs, which were born and reared until the slaughter in three different flocks. In the age of 10 days suckled lambs were offered with ad libitum corresponding diets according to the feeding system. All lambs were slaughtered in seven consecutive days by the same procedure. The effect of feeding system significantly affected daily gain from birth to slaughter, EUROP carcass conformation and shoulder width. Likewise, the effect of sex significantly affected daily gain from birth to slaughter and internal fatness of carcasses. According to carcass cuts the feeding system significantly affected only the proportion of neck and leg. Considering meat quality traits, feeding system had a significant effect on the pH 45 and CIE a* values. In this study, we could speculate that more than the feeding system the growth and the carcass traits as well as meat traits were affected by the amount of the supplement.

SUBSTITUTION OF RAPESEED MEAL FOR SOYBEAN MEAL AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN FOR LACTATING COWS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
DOROTHY S. WALSH
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

Sixteen lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to treatment sequences in a 4 × 4 changeover experiment. Experimental periods were 28 days in length separated by 7 days for changeover. Cows were fed corn silage free choice and gradually increasing amounts of one of four dairy concentrates containing 0, 11, 22, or 34% rapeseed meal (RSM) of a Canadian, experimental, low glucosinolate–low erucic acid variety. Concentrate intake (kg dry matter/day), milk yield (kg/day) and body weight change (kg/28 days) were 8.45a, 8.71a, 8.37a and 7.17b; 24.40a, 24.03ab, 22.92bc and 21.96c and 7.6b, 22.4b, 13.0ab, and 3.0b for 0, 11, 22 and 34% RSM mixtures, respectively. There was no influence of treatment on milk composition. Ration dry matter (DM) and nitrogen digestibilities declined (P < 0.05) as the RSM in the concentrate mixture increased. The amount of nitrogen excreted in the urine was greatest for cows fed 0% RSM and least for cows fed 34% RSM. Cows fed concentrate mixtures containing 34% RSM had a lower blood thyroxine level than others (P < 0.05), but RSM-containing concentrates had no apparent effect on the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine. Results of the trial indicated that this experimental variety of RSM had no detrimental effect on concentrate intake, DM digestibility, milk composition or thyroid hormone metabolism when included at levels up to 22% in the concentrate mixture. However, milk yield and apparent digestibility of ration nitrogen were decreased (P < 0.05) by the 22% RSM mixture. It was not certain from the current findings whether the depression in digestibility was due largely to the high oil content of the meal or due to the higher fiber content of the RSM-supplemented rations.

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