LYSINE, THREONINE, METHIONINE AND ISOLEUCINE SUPPLEMENTATION OF PEACE RIVER BARLEY FOR GROWING PIGS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. CHUNG ◽  
R. M. BEAMES
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Peace River ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Trial

The supplementation of Peace River barley was investigated in both a growth trial and a metabolism trial. The control diet consisted essentially of barley and soybean meal and provided 15.8% crude protein containing 0.75% total lysine. In the other diets, barley, as the sole source of protein, was supplemented with L-lysine HCl to provide 0.75 and 0.90% total lysine, with the former level also tested with 0.05% added L-threonine, alone or with 0.10% DL-methionine or with 0.10% DL-methionine plus 0.10% L-isoleucine. The growth trial incorporated three replicates, each with three gilts and three barrows group-fed on each diet, whereas in the metabolism trial, six observations per diet were made. The control diet produced greater daily gain, better feed utilization and leaner carcasses than any of the amino acid-supplemented diets. Gilts, but not barrows, grew more rapidly with the increase in lysine content from 0.75 to 0.90%. Addition of 0.05% L-threonine to the 0.75% lysine diet to provide 0.29% total threonine significantly improved daily gain and feed efficiency. Addition of methionine either with or without isoleucine to this latter diet had no effect on growth or feed utilization, but slightly improved nitrogen retention. Although nitrogen retained (expressed as a percentage of nitrogen absorbed) for all diets containing threonine was greater than the value for the control diet, values for nitrogen digestion and total nitrogen retention were less than for the latter diet.

Effect of salinomycin and enzyme supplementation on nutrient digestibility and the performance of pigs fed barley- or rye-based diets

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
G. L. Campbell ◽  
J. W. D. GrootWassink
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Beta Glucanase ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Two experiments of a factorial design (sex × treatment) were conducted to determine the effects of enzyme and salinomycin supplementation on the nutritive value of barley or rye-based diets for growing pigs fed from approximately 20 to 85 kg. For exp. 1, 72 crossbred pigs were fed either a barley-based control diet or a similar diet supplemented with enzyme (Aspergillus niger; 750 units g−1 beta-glucanase and 650 units g−1 pentosanase), salinomycin (25 ppm) or both additives in combination. For exp. 2, two replicates of 48 pigs were fed either a barley-based diet, an unsupplemented rye-based diet or a rye-based diet supplemented with enzyme, salinomycin or both additives. During both experiments, chromic oxide (0.5%) was added to the diet of four to six pigs/treatment to act as a digestibility indicator starting when the pigs reached 42 kg. Neither enzyme nor salinomycin, alone or in combination, significantly improved the growth rate or feed efficiency of pigs fed barley or rye. Supplementation of barley with the combination of additives significantly (P < 0.05) improved protein digestibility while neither enzyme nor salinomycin had any effect on nutrient digestibility when fed alone. In rye-based diets, salinomycin, both alone and in combination, significantly (P < 0.05) improved the digestibility of crude protein and energy. Dry matter digestibility of the rye-based diets was unaffected by treatment. Key words: Swine, rye, barley, beta-glucanase, pentosanase, salinomycin

BEHAVIORAL ACTIVITY, SERUM PROGESTERONE AND FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE OF HEIFERS FED MELENGESTROL ACETATE AND MONENSIN

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. J. HORTON ◽  
J. G. MANNS ◽  
H. H. NICHOLSON ◽  
G. ANNE HARROP
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Melengestrol Acetate ◽  
Additive Control ◽  
Daily Gain

The effects of melengestrol acetate (MGA, The Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.) and monensin (Rumensin, Elanco Division, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.) on estrous activity and feedlot performance of 96 yearling Hereford heifers (293 kg) were evaluated. Monensin was included at 33 mg/kg diet, except during the first 14 days when 11 mg/kg was fed; heifers received 0.4 mg MGA/head/day. The four treatments were: (1) no additive (control); (2) monensin; (3) MGA; (4) monensin plus MGA. The heifers were fed a finishing diet containing 66% barley and 30% brome-alfalfa hay for 98 days. Blood samples for progesterone analysis were collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, 63, 70, 77 and 84 days after the start of the experiment. Morning and evening checks for estrous activity were made daily. Organic matter and crude protein digestion coefficients were increased (P < 0.05) by monensin, MGA and monensin plus MGA. Estrous activity was suppressed (P < 0.01) in heifers fed MGA and those fed monensin plus MGA. Serum progesterone concentrations in MGA and monensin plus MGA heifers were 42 and 51% lower (P < 0.01) than control values, respectively. Monensin improved (P < 0.05) feed efficiency by 6%. MGA increased (P < 0.05) daily gain by 12% but had no effect on feed utilization. Heifers fed monensin plus MGA gained 17% (P < 0.05) faster and utilized feed 9% more efficiently than control heifers. These results show that MGA suppressed estrous activity in feedlot heifers, and that improvements in daily gain and feed efficiency were greatest with MGA and monensin, respectively.

A note on the effect of monensin and amicloral in steer diets

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. J. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTThe effects of feeding monensin and amicloral at 33 and 1500 mg/kg of diet, respectively, were investigated in two experiments using 330-kg steers. Monensin and amicloral, either alone or in combination, increased the digestibility of organic matter and crude fibre compared with a control diet (P< 0·001). Crude protein digestibility was increased by monensin (P< 0·001). Use of monensin and amicloral, alone or in combination, increased molar proportions of propionic acid by 22% on average (P> 0·05), and monensin decreased butyric acid by 37% (P< 0·05).Ruminal ammonia concentrations were lower in steers fed monensin (P< 0·05). Steers fed monensin consumed 6 % less feed, gained 9 % more weight (P< 0·05) and utilized feed 14% more efficiently (P< 0·05) than control animals. Amicloral, either alone or with monensin, lowered feed intake by 11 % (P< 0·05), had no effect on average daily gain and improved feed efficiency by about 12% (P< 0·05). There were no treatment effects on any of the carcass parameters.

scholarly journals Evaluation of barley distillers dried grains with soluble, and condensed distillers solubles in the diet of growing pigs

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
By Products

Two digestibility and nitrogen balance trials were conducted to evaluate the feed value of barley-derived distillers dried grains with solubles (BDDGS) and semisolid distillers solubles from barley and wheat (BDS and WDS) in rations for growing pigs. The average crude protein, lysine, crude fibre and neutral detergent fibre contents of BDDGS, BDS and WDS were, respectively: 30.6, 20.6, 30.7 %; 1.7, 1.7, 2.6 g/16 g N; 16.1, 2.0, 3.1 %; 69.4, 2.3, 7,1 %. Available lysine was greatly reduced in all samples. The distillery by-products composed 33 % of diet DM in the barley based rations. The control diet was a mixture of barley and skim milk powder. The organic matter and crude protein digestibilities of BDDGS, BDS and WDS were 40.5, 80.4, 85.0 % and 52.4, 46.9, 77.5 %, respectively. Their FU values and DCP values were 0.50, 0.94, 0.94/kg DM and 319, 102,253 g/FU. on the WDS diet, nitrogen retention, as g/d, was similar to that on the control diet, but on the diets with barley distillery products it was reduced due to the lower amount of protein absorbed, especially the lower lysine intake. Barley distillers by-products proved to have low feed values for pigs in this study, but the value for WDS was quite reasonable. The new integrated starch ethanol process can be expected to yield more suitable fractions for use in pig rations.

scholarly journals PSXII-38 Effect of crude protein sources on feedlot performance and carcass traits of Nellore young bulls

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 426-426
Author(s):  
Juliano José R Fernandes ◽  
Lorena E L M Bomfim ◽  
Daniel Augusto A Teixeira ◽  
Victor R M Couto ◽  
Ana Laura A Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Feed Withdrawal ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract In this trial, 120 Nellore young bulls of ± 386kg kg initial weight were used to evaluate the effect of different sources of crude protein on the feedlot performance (finishing phase) and carcass characteristics. Animals were maintained in fifteen pens for 105 days. Animals were individually weighed and blocked by initial body weight. Pens within a block were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: (D14) Control diet including 14% of crude protein (CP) on dry matter; (D12) Inclusion of 12.5% CP/dry matter and (D11), inclusion of 11% of CP/dry matter. Feed offered was monitored daily as well as feed refusals were collected and weighed to determine the DMI and feed efficiency (F:G). Animals were weighed every 28 d after 16 h feed withdrawal for calculating ADG. The D14 and D12 treatments increased the final weight (P = 0.008) when compared to D11 (564.13; 550.96 and 529.73 kg, respectively). The D14 treatment increased the ADG (1.69 kg; P = 0.002) when compared to D12 (1.54 kg) and D11 animals (1.35 kg). The same was observed for DMI (P = 0.001) (10.40kg, 9.77kg e 8.68kg, respectively) and % BW (P = 0.001), when D14 had the greatest value (2.2%), and D11 the worst (1.90%). There were no effect of the treatments for F:G (P = 0.202). Hot carcass weight was increased by the D14 treatment (P = 0.006) (311.97kg; 300.55 and 289.30kg, respectively). However, the cooling losses were not affected (P = 0.0843), as well as were observed for dressing (P = 0.089). Nevertheless, the carcass daily gain was improved by the D14 (P = 0.02), with animals increasing 1.13 kg/d; D12 with 1.01kg/d and D11, 0.91 kg. In conclusion, the sources of crude protein can affect the feedlot cattle performance, in agreement with the Brazilian Nellore requirement program (Br-Corte). However, in this trial, diets with 14% of CP improved the animal’s performance.

RESPONSES OF RATS AND SWINE TO ALFALFA SAPONINS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. CHEEKE ◽  
D. C. ENGLAND ◽  
M. W. PEDERSEN
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Quinine Sulfate ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Preference Trial

Leaf meal from Ranger alfalfa selected for low saponin content and from unselected Ranger alfalfa was fed to rats as a protein supplement to corn. Average daily gains of rats fed either leaf meal type did not differ, but gains of alfalfa-fed rats were lower (P < 0.01) than those for rats fed soybean meal or cottonseed meal. There were no differences in apparent digestibility by rats of crude protein or ether extract from either alfalfa type; values were about 64% for crude protein and 84% for ether extract. Alfalfa saponin was compared to quinine sulfate (a bitter compound) in a feed preference trial with rats. In two-choice feed preference tests, the control diet was preferred over the quinine-containing diets at levels of dietary quinine sulfate ranging from 0.001 to 0.1%. Similarly, the control diet was preferred over alfalfa saponin-containing diets at saponin levels above 0.8%. In an experiment with growing pigs, low saponin (1.01%), unselected (1.91%) and high saponin (2.80%) alfalfa meals were fed at levels of 20 and 40% of the diets. At the 40% level, average daily gains were greater with low saponin than with high saponin alfalfa. Correlations between saponin levels were linear and positive (P < 0.01) for feed efficiency and linear and negative (P < 0.01) for average daily gains. When fed at 40% of the diet, the low saponin alfalfa gave results equivalent to unselected alfalfa fed at 20%, but all alfalfa treatments produced gains that were lower (P < 0.05) than for the soybean meal.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMANS TERNAK BABI FASE STARTER

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Alfred Tamawiwy ◽  
M. Najoan ◽  
J S Mandey ◽  
F. N Sompie
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

ABSTRACT   EFFECT OF UTILIZATION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) IN THE DIET ON PIG PERFORMANCE. Utilization of fats and oils in pig diets is of great importance due to their high energy value. VCO is obtained by cold press processing of the kernel from the coconut fruit. Utilization of virgin coconut oil (VCO) in the diets on pig performance.  The present study was designed to elaborate the effect of utilization of VCO in the diets on energy and protein digestibility of growing pigs. The experiment was conducted using 20 castrated male pigs aged 1.5 - 2.0 months weighing 12,0±2,0 kg. The data were analyzed according to the linear model procedure for ANOVA appropriate for Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were formulated as follow: R0 = 100% control diet + 0% VCO; R1 = 99.5% control diet + 1.0% VCO; R2 = 98.0% control diet + 2.0% VCO; R3 = 97.0% control diet + 3.0% VCO; and R4 = 96.0% control diet + 4.0% VCO. Parameters measured were: daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption. The results showed that the utilization of VCO up to 4% in the diets had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption of pigs. It can be concluded that the addition of VCO up to 4.0% in the diets has no significant meaning on pig performance.   Key words: Virgin coconut oil (VCO), Performance, Growing pigs  

172 Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine from Corn Protein on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
Woongbi Bi Kwon ◽  
Jose A Soto ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Corn Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that addition of Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will reduce the negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs. A total of 288 growing pigs (28.6 ± 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were 2 barrows and 2 gilts in each pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal and 8 diets based on corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein) with 2 levels of crystalline L-Val (0 or 0.10%), L-Ile (0 or 0.10%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) were formulated. The crystalline L-Val, L-Ile, and L-Trp increased standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val:Lys from 70 to 80%, SID Ile:Lys from 53 to 63%, and SID Trp:Lys from 18 to 23%, respectively. All diets were formulated to contain 1.00% SID Lys and the 8 diets containing corn protein contained 171% SID Leu:Lys. Individual pig weights were recorded at the beginning and at the conclusion of the 28-d experiment. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with a pen as the experimental unit. Diet was the fixed effect and block and replicate within block were random effects. Results indicated that final body weight and average daily gain were not different between pigs fed the control diet and pigs fed the diet with Val and Trp addition, but greater (P &lt; 0.001) than for pigs fed the diet with Val addition, Ile addition, Trp addition, Val and Ile addition, Ile and Trp addition, or Val, Ile, and Trp addition (Table 1). In conclusion, addition of Val and Trp to diets with excess Leu may prevent negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs.

Effects of linseed oil and rumen undegradable protein:rumen degradable protein ratio on performance of Holstein dairy calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (11) ◽  
pp. 1247-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kazemi-Bonchenari ◽  
M. Dehghan-Banadaky ◽  
F. Fattahnia ◽  
A. Saleh-Bahmanpour ◽  
M. Jahani-Moghadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Degradable Protein

AbstractThe present study evaluated the interaction effects of n-3 fatty acids (from linseed oil (LSO), 0 v. 2·5, % DM basis) with rumen undegradable:degradable protein (RUP:RDP) ratios (low ratio (LR) 27:73; high ratio (HR) 38:62 based on crude protein %) in dairy calves’ starter diet. Forty-eight 3-d-old female Holstein dairy calves (41·5 kg of body weight (BW)) were allocated in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangements in the following treatments (n 12 calves/each): (1) no supplementation of LSO with LR (NLSO-LR); (2) no supplementation of LSO with HR (NLSO-HR); (3) supplementation of LSO with LR (LSO-LR) and (4) supplementation of LSO with HR (LSO-HR). The calves were weaned on day 53 of the experiment and remained in the study until day 73. Intake was not affected by LSO and RUP:RDP ratio. However, average daily gain (ADG) was improved with LSO supplementation. Feeding the HR diet increased ADG compared with the LR diet during the entire period. Final BW was greater in calves fed on the LSO than those fed the NLSO diet. Microbial protein production did not differ among treatments. Calves fed on LSO diets had greater feed efficiency than those which were not fed on LSO diets. The calves supplemented with LSO had greater wither and hip heights compared with the unsupplemented calves. The glucose, cholesterol, HDL and insulin concentrations increased in calves supplemented with LSO. In conclusion, the HR diet improved calves’ performance post-weaning; however, LSO could enhance growth performance of dairy calves during the pre-weaning period.

EVALUATION OF MEADOWFOAM (Limnanthes alba) MEAL AS A FEEDSTUFF FOR SHEEP

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. THROCKMORTON ◽  
P. R. CHEEKE ◽  
D. C. CHURCH ◽  
D. W. HOLTAN ◽  
G. D. JOLLIFF
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Limnanthes Alba ◽  
Steam Cooking ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Supplemental Protein ◽  
Growth Trial

Four experiments were conducted to evaluate meadowfoam meal (MFM) as a protein supplement for sheep. In exp. 1, a digestion trial was conducted with 49-kg wethers to compare raw and steam-cooked (SC) MFM with cottonseed meal (CSM). Apparent digestibility of energy, dry matter and crude protein of the raw MFM diet was reduced (P < 0.01) by 4, 6 and 8%, respectively, compared with CSM. Acid detergent fiber and ash digestibility were greatly reduced by 52 and 55% compared with CSM. Steam cooking caused additional (nonsignificant) reductions of all values except fiber and ash. In exp. 2, a growth trial was conducted with 20-kg wethers comparing diets in which raw MFM replaced 50–100% of the CSM in the control diet. Liveweight gain and feed efficiency were increased at least 20% over CSM at either replacement level. The results suggest that reduced digestibility of fiber and ash protected MFM protein from ruminal degradation, thus allowing larger and more efficient gains. In exp. 3, a finishing trial was conducted with 37-kg wethers comparing MFM and CSM as the supplemental protein source. There were no differences in weight gain, feed efficiency or backfat thickness, but a slight improvement was observed in dressing percentage (P < 0.05) of lambs fed the MFM diet. Histological evaluation of thyroid, liver and kidney showed no specific changes due to MFM feeding. In exp. 4, ewes consumed raw MFM at a level equal to that in exp. 3 during the last 7–9 wk of pregnancy; no differences (P > 0.05) in serum thyroid hormone values were found between treatment and controls. However, two of seven ewes on the MFM diet gave birth to lambs showing signs of goiter. The results of these experiments indicate that raw MFM is a satisfactory protein supplement for growing lambs when used at moderate levels, but should not be fed to pregnant ewes until further research can resolve the problem of goiter development in newborn lambs. Key words: Sheep, meadowfoam, Limnanthes, digestibility

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