NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF MEALS AND MEAL FRACTIONS DERIVED FROM RAPE AND MUSTARD SEED

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. SARWAR ◽  
J. M. BELL ◽  
T. F. SHARBY ◽  
J. D. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Energy Fraction

Low glucosinolate rapeseed meal (RSM) (B. napus 'Bronowski'), rapeseed meal fractions (hulls, detailed meal, dehulled and water-washed meal, lyophilized water extract) derived from Bronowski and from a high glucosinolate rapeseed (B. napus 'Oro'), yellow mustard (B. hirta) hulls and meal were subjected to chemical and nutritional evaluations. Oat hulls and soybean meal were included for comparison. Proximate, amino acid and glucosinolate analyses and feeding experiments were conducted. The processed meals, hulls and extracts were included in diets to provide 8, 12 and 16% dietary crude protein in conjunction with a purified basal fraction containing 5% casein. The toxic effects of glucosinolates fed with active myrosinase were confirmed. Glucosinolates included in soybean meal (SBM) control diets were innocuous. Removal of rapeseed hulls increased digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible crude protein contents, but the inclusion of the hulls in high energy, non-rapeseed meal (RSM) diets had no adverse effects on growth of mice or efficiency of feed utilization. Dehulled RSM had lower DE than SBM, partly due to lower digestibility of the non-hull, non-protein energy fraction. Dehulling increased the protein content of RSM, decreased the lysine content of the protein and improved the digestibility of protein. Protein quality tests (Protein Efficiency Ratio and Apparent Biological Value) showed protein of RSM to be equal to that of soybean meal.

scholarly journals Application of Apparent Metabolizable Energy versus Nitrogen-Corrected Apparent Metabolizable Energy in Poultry Feed Formulations: A Continuing Conundrum

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2174
Author(s):  
M. Reza Abdollahi ◽  
Markus Wiltafsky-Martin ◽  
Velmurugu Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy

In the present investigation, N retention, AME, and AMEn data from six energy evaluation assays, involving four protein sources (soybean meal, full-fat soybean, rapeseed meal and maize distiller’s dried grains with solubles [DDGS]), are reported. The correction for zero N retention, reduced the AME value of soybean meal samples from different origins from 9.9 to 17.8% with increasing N retention. The magnitude of AME penalization in full-fat soybean samples, imposed by zero N correction, increased from 1.90 to 9.64% with increasing N retention. The Δ AME (AME minus AMEn) in rapeseed meal samples increased from 0.70 to 1.09 MJ/kg as N-retention increased. In maize DDGS samples, the correction for zero N retention increased the magnitude of AME penalization from 5.44 to 8.21% with increasing N retention. For all protein sources, positive correlations (p < 0.001; r = 0.831 to 0.991) were observed between the N retention and Δ AME. The present data confirms that correcting AME values to zero N retention for modern broilers penalizes the energy value of protein sources and is of higher magnitude for ingredients with higher protein quality. Feed formulation based on uncorrected AME values could benefit least cost broiler feed formulations and merits further investigation.

NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF LOW AND HIGH FIBRE FRACTIONS OF RAPESEED MEAL USING CHICKENS AND PIGS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. BAYLEY ◽  
D. C. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
High Fibre

Samples of Brassica napus and B. campestris rapeseed meals were separated into fractions low in crude fibre or high in crude fibre using an ’air classifier.’ The original meals contained 15% crude fibre and these levels were reduced to 8 and 10%, respectively, for the ’low fibre’ fractions from the two types of rapeseed meal, and increased to 23% in the ’high fibre’ fractions. There was 42.2 and 40.5% crude protein, respectively, in the original meals, and this was increased to 46.7% and 45.2%, respectively, in the low fibre fractions and reduced to 33% and 37%, respectively, in the high fibre fractions. The above six samples, along with rapeseed meal from the Bronowski cultivar of B. napus and 49% protein soybean meal were assayed for metabolizable energy using 4-wk-old chicks. The classical metabolizable energy values of the B. napus, B. campestris and Bronowski meals were 1.49, 1.66 and 1.71 kcal/g compared to 2.26 kcal/g for the soybean meal. The low fibre fractions from both types of rapeseed had a metabolizable energy value of 2.19 kcal/g, whilst the values for the high fibre fractions were 1.36 and 1.56 kcal/g, respectively, for B. napus and B. campestris. Incorporation of the rapeseed products as protein supplements in isocaloric 17% crude protein broiler diets resulted in similar gains for the three diets containing rapeseed meal and for a control diet containing soybean meal; however, gains were reduced for both the low and high fibre fractions. The poor performance of the birds on the diet containing the low fibre fractions was probably due to the birds having difficulty in consuming the dry powdery diet. A further growth study with 23% protein broiler diets showed that replacing one half or all the supplementary protein from soybean with the rapeseed low fibre fractions reduced weight gain, although in both experiments the rate of gain per unit liveweight over the last week of the experiment was similar for all diets, again suggesting that the birds had difficulty in adjusting to the diet. The digestible energy value of the B. campestris meal for 25-kg barrow pigs was 3.47 kcal/g. The values for the low and high fibre fractions from this meal were 3.67 and 3.39, respectively.

The efficiency of food utilization for egg production by pullets and yearling hens

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Low Energy Diet

1. The efficiency of food conversion by pullets and yearlings fed on high- and low-energy diets has been determined.2. Egg production was slightly higher by birds fed the low-energy diet for both pullets and yearling hens; pullets laid more eggs than yearling hens.3. For each age, the gross food intake was greater for birds fed the low-energy diet; the consumptions of digestible protein, non-protein digestible energy and metabolizable energy were the same for both diets and both ages of bird.4. The food cost per dozen eggs was slightly greater in the yearling year when the cost of rearing the pullets was ignored, and about the same when it was included.5. The efficiency of utilization of digestible energy and protein showed only a slight decrease from the pullet to the yearling year.6. The variation in the composition and digestibility of eighteen consecutive mixes of the highenergy diet and twenty-five of the low-energy diet was: crude protein 2%, non-protein digestible energy 5% and metabolizable energy 0·4 kg. cal./g. The digestibility of the crude protein and oil was 87%, for both diets; carbohydrates were 81% digestible in the high-energy diet and 59% in the low-energy diet.

Effect of saponins and plant extracts containing saponins on the recovery of ammonia during urea-ammoniation of wheat straw and fermentation kinetics of the treated straw

1999 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. S. MAKKAR ◽  
E. M. AREGHEORE ◽  
K. BECKER
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Quillaja Saponaria ◽  
Yucca Schidigera ◽  
Kinetics Of

Saponins of Quillaja saponaria bark and the water extract obtained on homogenization of Yucca schidigera plants were used during urea-ammoniation to reduce ammonia loss. In Expt 1, chaffed wheat straw (2–5 cm length) was urea-ammoniated (50 g kg−1 urea, 400 g kg−1 moisture) for 25 days at 37°C with and without Quillaja saponins (QS) or Yucca plant homogenate, YPH (corresponding to 1 and 2 g kg−1Yucca powder). The crude protein (CP) content of untreated straw was 34 g kg−1. After 25 days, CP values of 90 g kg−1 (urea; no saponin), 82 and 86 g kg−1 (urea+QS at 1 and 2 g kg−1) and 102 and 92 g kg−1 (urea+YPH at 1 and 2 g kg−1) were obtained. The ammonia-nitrogen bound (as percentage of urea-nitrogen added) to straw after the treatment was 39 (urea; no saponin), 33 and 36 (urea+QS at 1 and 0·2 g kg−1), and 47 and 40 (urea+YPE at 1 and 2 g kg−1). As the extent of ammonia bound to straw was higher with Yucca plant powder, especially at 1 g kg−1, Yucca plant powder at 0·75 and 1 g kg−1 was used in Expt 2. In Expt 1, the Yucca plant extract was used after homogenization of the Yucca plant powder, which is not feasible at farm level. Therefore, two simpler approaches (overnight soaking of the powder in water (Yucca powder extracted, YPE) and mixing of Yucca powder with the straw followed by urea-ammoniation (Yucca powder, YP) were used besides homogenization. Otherwise, conditions for the urea-ammoniation treatment were similar to those in Expt 1. The ammonia–nitrogen bound (as percentage of urea-nitrogen added) to the straw varied from 47 to 54% in the presence of the Yucca plant powder, which was substantially higher than that observed in its absence (38%). The ammonia-binding efficiency of Yucca plant powder to the straw was highest at 1 g kg−1. Among the three methods tried, addition of the Yucca powder to straw followed by treatment with urea was the easiest, and the binding efficiency was similar to that observed when using the powder after homogenization. In both experiments, the true dry matter- and NDF-digestibilities, calculated organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy, as well as rate and potential extent of gas production, were significantly higher (P<0·05) in the treated straw than in the untreated straw. These values were affected neither by the source of the saponins nor the manner in which the Yucca powder was applied.

RAPESEED MEAL AS A REPLACEMENT FOR SOYBEAN MEAL IN DIETS OF PROGENY FROM SOWS FED EITHER PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bowland ◽  
F. W. Schuld
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Initial Weight

First- and second-litter progeny from sows fed either 0 or 8% solvent-extracted rapeseed meal in replacement for isonitrogenous amounts of soybean meal and wheat was used to evaluate solvent-extracted rapeseed meal as a protein source. There was no influence of the dam’s diet on gain, efficiency of feed utilization, digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) or digestible nitrogen (DN) and nitrogen retention in the progeny. In pigs from first litters, the feeding of 8% rapeseed meal, compared with 0% rapeseed meal, depressed feed intake and rate of gain in the finishing period from 55 to 90 kg liveweight, and resulted in reduced gain and poorer efficiency of feed utilization for the overall experiment from 6 kg initial weight. Carcasses from rapeseed meal-fed pigs were leaner. Gilt carcasses were leaner than barrow carcasses. With second-litter pigs, there were no significant differences associated with dietary treatment or sex. There were no significant differences in DE or ME or in DN and nitrogen retention between pigs receiving 0 or 8% rapeseed meal in either the starting diets at 6 weeks of age or the growing diets at 40 kg liveweight.

Maize gluten and rapeseed meal as protein supplements to barley or wheat for intensively finished Charolais-cross bulls

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pullar
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Weight Gain Percentage

AbstractFour diets, barley/proprietary protein concentrate (B/PC), barley/maize gluten (B/MG), barley/rapeseed meal (B/RSM) and wheat/'rapeseed meal (W/RSM) were formulated to contain 165 g crude protein and 13·0 MJ metabolizable energy per kg dry matter. In experiment 1, all four diets were offered ad libitum to Charolais × Friesian bulls from 187 kg live weight to slaughter at about 488 kg live weight. In experiment 2, the B/PC and B/RSM were offered ad libitum to Charolais × (Hereford × Friesian) bulls from 222 kg live weight to slaughter at about 491 kg live weight. There were no significant differences between treatments in daily live-weight gain, percentage fat and lean in the live animal, slaughter weight or days on experiment in either experiment. In experiment 1, the carcasses from bulls given B/PC were 14 kg heavier than carcasses from bulls given W/RSM (P<0·05), but only 10 and 7 kg heavier than from bulls given B/MG and B/RSM respectively (P<0·05). The killing-out proportion of bulls given B/PC was significantly greater (P<0·05) than bulls given B/RSM. In experiment 2, carcass weights were similar but the killing-out proportion of bulls given B/PC were again greater (P < 0·001). It is concluded that B/MG and B/RSM were as effective as B/PC as finishing diets and that wheat can be successfully substituted for barley, when offered with rapeseed meal.

scholarly journals Validating prediction equations of metabolizable energy of soybean meal for growing pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4541
Author(s):  
Tiago Junior Pasquetti ◽  
Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽  
Newton Tavares Escocard de Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Doglas Batista Lazzeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

The aim of this study was to evaluate equations to predict the metabolizable energy (ME) of soybean meal (SBM) for swine. Seven SBM were used, which were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash, calcium, phosphorus, solubility in potassium hydroxide (KOH) and urease index. To determine the ME of SBM, 32 barrows, with an average initial weight of 29.01 ± 3.64 kg, were used and distributed in a randomized blocks design, with seven treatments and four replicates. To validate the prediction equations, linear regression models were adjusted, using observed values of ME (metabolism trial) as a function of the estimated ME (obtained by applying the chemical composition of the SBM in selected equations found in the literature). The existence of regression was evaluated by the “t” test, partially applied to each parameter (?0 and ?1). The validation of the prediction models of first degree was obtained by accepting the joint null hypothesis ?0 = 0 and ?1 = 1. The equations ME = 5.42 - 17.2FDN - 19.4MM + 0.709GE and ME= 1099 + 0.740GE - 5.5MM - 3.7NDF are effective for estimating the ME of SBM for growing pigs.

scholarly journals The efficacy of multy-enzymes supplementation on low energy corn-soybean meal basal diet containing rice bran on growth performance of broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catootjie Lusje Nalle ◽  
Marlin Rambu Kuba Yowi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
High Feed

High energy diet is related to high feed cost. Thus, it is essential to reduce energy diet but still support the good performance of birds. The utilization of low cost- feed ingredients combined with enzymes are the alternative way to do. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of multy-enzyme supplementation on growth performance of broilers fed low energy basal diets containing rice bran. Experiment 1. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) assay of yellow corn and rice bran. A total of 48 broilers were randomly distributed to 12 cages (4 birds/cage). A maize-soybean meal basal diet (mash form) was formulated and two assay diets were then developed by substituting rice bran (raw 250 g kg-1, w/w) and maize (500 g kg-1, w/w) of the basal diet. Total excreta collection method was used. The results showed that the AME value of rice bran was significantly lower (2032 kcal/kg DM) and 3112 Kcal/kg DM. Experiment II. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications. A total of 160 DOC (unsex) were randomly distributed to 16 pens (10 birds/pen). The experimental diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetics. The results show that dietary treatments significantly affected (P0.05) FCR and mortality of broilers. Broilers fed P2, P3 and P4 diets had higher (P0.05). In conclusion, 1) the supplementation of enzymes in low energy diets containing rice bran improved BWG and FI but not FCR and mortality. 2) Birds fed rice bran-containing-diets supplemented with enzymes produced similar growth performance.

EFFECT OF RAPESEED MEAL AND UREA ON AD LIBITUM CONSUMPTION OF GRAIN RATIONS BY DAIRY COWS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Ingalls ◽  
M. E. Seale ◽  
J. A. McKirdy
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Total Crude Protein

Three experiments were conducted with dairy cows to determine the effects of rapeseed meal and/or urea upon ad libitum consumption of grain rations. In corn, corn–barley and barley-oat basal rations, replacement of soybean meal (10%) by rapeseed meal (12–13%) resulted in a decrease in grain intake. Substitution of 1.4% or 1.6% urea (22% or 19% of the total crude protein intake) for soybean meal also resulted in decreased ad libitum grain consumption. A combination of rapeseed meal (6%) and urea (08%) was comparable to 12% rapeseed meal in effect upon consumption but less marked than 1.6% urea. No rations containing rapeseed meal had significant effects upon milk composition or production. In one experiment, a significant decrease in production occurred through including 1.6% urea in the grain ration.

NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF AMMONIATED MUSTARD MEAL FOR USE IN SWINE FEEDS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
M. O. KEITH ◽  
J. A. BLAKE ◽  
D. I. McGREGOR
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Mustard Meal ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Daily Gain

Mustard meal was prepared in a pilot plant by expelling and hexane-extracting brown mustard seed (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss.). Steam, ammonia and water were applied during the final stages in the desolventizer. Ammoniated mustard meal (MM) was compared in a swine feeding trial (60 pigs, 25–100 kg) with canola meal (CM; low glucosinolate rapeseed meal), with MM in three combinations with CM and soybean meal (SBM) and with CM + SBM as the protein supplements in six barley:wheat (2:1) diets. Each diet was also fed with and without 0.15% supplementary lysine until pigs weighed 54 kg. Pigs were penned in groups of four and individually fed. Digestibility was determined separately. Ammoniation reduced glucosinolates by over 80% and reduced lysine by 20% but increased crude protein from 44.6 to 51.1%, dry basis. Digestibility values of energy and protein in MM were 72 and 75%, respectively. Digestible energy (10.5% moisture, air-dry basis) was 13.0 MJ/kg and digestible crude protein was 30.25%. Daily gain, daily feed intake and efficiency of feed utilization were poorer with pigs fed MM as the only protein supplement than with pigs fed any other supplement. Key words: Mustard meal, ammoniation, feeding trial, digestibility, lysine, pigs

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