CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF BUCKWHEAT CULTIVARS FOR LABORATORY RATS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
D. M. ANDERSON ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids

Experiments were conducted to determine the nutritive value of selected buckwheats in comparison with common buckwheat or tartary buckwheat. A 21-day, growth trial was conducted in which 42 Spraque-Dawley rats (initial weight 57 g) were randomly assigned to one of seven dietary treatments. Experimental diets contained the buckwheat cultivars, Mancan, Tempest and Tokyo, two unselected forms of common buckwheat (common and CM 169), tartary buckwheat or a casein control. Diets were formulated to supply 10% crude protein by dilution of the test protein with varying levels of a basal diet. An additional 36 rats were utilized in digestibility studies. There was little difference in chemical composition, mineral content, level of indispensable amino acids or digestibility coefficients between selected and unselected varieties of common buckwheat, while tartary buckwheat had lower levels of crude protein, lower indispensable amino acids, higher acid detergent fiber levels and lower apparent digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and energy. Weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were significantly (P < 0.05) improved for rats fed the selected varieties of buckwheat in comparison with those fed the common or tartary buckwheat. The overall results suggest that the selected cultivars of common buckwheat will support improved animal performance. Key words: Buckwheat, rats, nutritive value, digestibility

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF COMMON BUCKWHEAT AS A SUPPLEMENT TO CEREAL GRAINS WHEN FED TO LABORATORY RATS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
D. M. ANDERSON ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
The Common ◽  
Experimental Treatments

An experiment was conducted to determine the nutritive value of common buckwheat as a supplement to the common cereal grains. 192 Spraque-Dawley weanling rats were randomly assigned to one of 32 treatment groups with three males and three females per group. The experimental treatments consisted of one of the common cereal grains, wheat, oats, barley, corn, rye, triticale, white rice or paddy rice, fed as a monocereal or with 25, 50 or 75% of the cereal replaced by common buckwheat. An additional 54 rats were utilized to determine digestibility coefficients for the monocereal diets fed in the growth trial. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency improved at each increment of buckwheat inclusion for all grains under test. Cereals with the lowest concentration of lysine showed the most marked improvement due to supplementation with common buckwheat. Digestibility coefficients of 67.4% for dry matter, 65.8% for crude protein and 66.5% for energy were lower for buckwheat compared with the cereals which averaged 84.8% for dry matter, 81.8% for crude protein and 85.2% for energy. It would appear that buckwheat may be a valuable supplement to cereal grains as its high lysine content compensates for the limiting lysine content in diets consisting predominantly of cereals. Key words: Rat, buckwheat, cereals, supplement

scholarly journals ВЫСОКОПРОТЕИНОВАЯ РЫБНАЯ МУКА В КОМБИКОРМАХ ДЛЯ ЦЫПЛЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Rich

Егоров И.А., Егорова Т.В., Шевяков А.Н., Клейнерман Ю.Е КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: РЫБНАЯ МУКА, ЦЫПЛЯТА-БРОЙЛЕРЫ, АМИНОКИСЛОТЫ, ЗООТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ, ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПИТАТЕЛЬНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ, КОНВЕРСИЯ КОРМА, КАЧЕСТВО МЯСА АННОТАЦИЯ: Исследования выполняли на 2 группах бройлеров селекции СГЦ «Смена» с 1- до 35-суточного возраста, при клеточном содержании птицы. Контрольная группа бройлеров получала полнорационный комбикорм растительного типа, сбалансированный по всем питательным веществам, а опытная - полнорационный комбикорм аналогичной питательности с включением изучаемой рыбной муки в количестве 5% до 21 суток и 3% - с 22 до 28 суток. С 29 суток рыбная мука исключалась из рациона. Рыбная мука содержала 3,66% влаги, 76,70% сырого протеина, 7,97% сырого жира. При этом содержание кальция составило 4,51% , фосфора - 2,62%, натрия - 1,10%; уровень лизина составлял 7,09%, а метионина + цистина - 3,36%. Живая масса бройлеров в возрасте 35 суток в опытной группе достоверно повысилась на 7,54% (р<0,001), а конверсия корма снизилась на 6,84%. Рыбная мука не оказала существенного негативного влияния на вкусовые качества мяса; содержание сырого протеина в грудных мышцах в опытной группе было на 3,35% выше, сырого жира - на 1,09% ниже, чем в контроле. Сделан вывод, что ввод высокопротеиновой рыбной муки в комбикорма позволяет получить хорошую сохранность, живую массу и приросты живой массы бройлеров за счет лучшего использования питательных веществ, причем улучшение продуктивности и меньшее использование синтетических аминокислот полностью окупает затраты на рыбную муку. PROTEIN-RICH FISHMEAL IN COMPOUND FEEDS FOR BROILERS EGOROV I.A.1, EGOROVA T.V.1, SHEVYAKOV A.N.1, KLEINERMAN YU.E.2 1 Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Poultry” of Russian Academy of Sciences 2 Vetsnab, LCC The chemical composition of protein-rich fishmeal (produced by Vetsnab, LCC ) and its efficiency as protein additive for broilers were studied. The fishmeal contained (%): moisture 3.66; crude protein 76.70; crude fat 7.97; calcium 4.51; phosphorus 2.62; sodium 1.10; lysine 7.09; methionine+cystine 3.36. Two treatments of broilers (cross Smena-9, 1-35 days of age, 70 birds per treatment) were fed similar vegetable diets with equal nutritive value and reared in similar management conditions; in the experimental diets soybean meal was partially substituted by fishmeal at the levels 5% of total diet since 1 to 21 days of age and 3% since 22 to 28 days; since 29 days the treatments were fed similar vegetable finisher diets. Live bodyweight at 35 days of age in the experimental treatment was significantly higher by 7.54% in compare to control (p<0.001), feed conversion ratio lower by 6.84%. Sensory evaluation of breast and thigh meat evidenced the absence of negative impact of the fishmeal on the taste; concentration of crude protein in breast muscles was higher by 3.35%, crude fat lower by 1.09% in compare to control. The conclusion was made that supplementation of starter and grower diets for broilers with protein-rich fishmeal results in better productive performance and digestibility of dietary nutrients in compare to entirely vegetable diets without the deterioration of meat quality; better productivity in broilers and lower use of the synthetic amino acids in the diets entirely compensate for the fishmeal related expenses. Keywords: FISHMEAL, BROILERS, AMINO ACIDS, PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, DIGESTIBILITY OF NUTRIENTS, FEED CONVERSION RATIO, MEAT QUALITY

Composition and Nutritional Evaluation of the Cuttlefish Muscle

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1553-1558
Author(s):  
Sheng Jun Chen ◽  
Lai Hao Li ◽  
Xian Qing Yang ◽  
Bo Qi ◽  
Yan Yan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Acid Index

The nutritional components in the cuttlefish muscle were analyzed and the nutritive quality was evaluated in the paper. The results showed that the contents of the cuttlefish muscle in crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate were 16.60%, 0.86%, 1.30%, respectively. There were 18 kinds amino acids and the total amino acids reached 17.44%, with an essential amino acid index(EAAI) of 67.95. The composition of the essential amino acids in muscle ratio was consistent with the FAO/WHO standards. In addition, the contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 41.13%, 12.15% and 46.72%, respectively. And the muscle contains a higher content of EPA and DHA, reached 11.0% and 24.49%, respectively. It was considered that the cuttlefish muscle has a high nutritive value and it can be the important material of the high quality protein and unsaturated fatty acid.

scholarly journals Nutritive value and metabolic effects of whey protein concentrate and hydrolysed lactose for growing pigs

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-238
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Protein Concentrate

In two digestibility and balance trials with growing pigs, whey protein concentrate (WPC) was compared as a protein supplement with casein (CAS) and dried skim milk (DSM), and, 30 % lactose (40 % dried whey, DW) was compared as a sugar supplement with the same amounts of hydrolysed lactose (HYLA) and sucrose (SUC). The effects of these supplements on protein and mineral metabolism of the pigs were investigated, WPC contained 42.2 % crude protein and had a high content of lysine, 8.6 g, and sulphur containing amino acids: cystine 2.8 and methionine 2.2g/16 g N, These exceeded the values for DSM. The hydrolysing degree of the enzymatically treated lactose syrup was 73 %. WPC had high crude protein digestibility, 99.1 % as compared to 95.4 for CAS and 95.0 % for DSM. Dried whey had low crude protein digestibility, 72.5 %. The amino acids in the WPC diet were highly digestible, but low values were obtained for the DW diet. On the WPC diet, nitrogen retention was higher than with the other protein supplements (P > 0.05), urinary urea excretion was low and the biological value very high. On a combination of WPC and HYLA protein utilisation was higher than on dried whole whey. On the diets supplemented with different sugars, none of the blood parameters differed statistically significantly (P > 0.05) and all values lay within the reference range. Water intake was on average 49 % greater on diets with sugar supplements than without. Urinary excretion of reducing sugars averaged 40.2, 8.3 and 6.6 g/d on the HYLA, SUC and DW diets, while on the diets without sugar supplements the values were 0.8—1.2 g/d. The following mean daily mineral retention values were obtained: P 4.0 g, Ca 5,9 g. Mg 0,4 g, Na 1.9g, K 2.9 g, Fe 27 mg, Cu 6.4 mg, Zn 65 mg and Mn 4.0 mg. The surplus Na and K on the DW diet were excreted in the urine and the pigs did not have diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and nutritional quality of short-ripened rennet cheeses produced by traditional methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 5971-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRZEMYSŁAW KNYSZ ◽  
MICHAŁ GONDEK ◽  
RENATA PYZ-ŁUKASIK ◽  
MONIKA ZIOMEK ◽  
ŁUKASZ DROZD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Dairy Starter Cultures ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

The aim of the study was to determine the variability in the chemical composition and nutritive value parameters of smoked and unsmoked short-ripened rennet cheeses and unsmoked long-ripened rennet cheeses produced by traditional methods. The raw material for the production of short-ripened cheeses was pasteurized cows’ milk obtained from a dairy, whereas the long-ripened cheeses were manufactured from raw cows’ milk obtained from the producer’s farm. All three varieties of cheese examined were produced with commercial dairy starter cultures. The material for the study was collected in winter, directly at the producers’ retail outlets in southern and eastern Poland. The basic chemical composition was determined according to the Polish Standards, whereas the amino acid profiles of proteins from the cheeses were determined by ion-exchange chromatography. The result analysis revealed significant differences between the different varieties of cheese in terms of their water content, ranging from 32.2% to 42.1%, as well as protein content, which varied from 25.6% to 31.6%. Fat levels ranged between 22.2% and 24%, whereas total ash content amounted to 5.1-5.8%. The significantly highest salt content was found in unsmoked short-ripened cheeses. In all three cheese varieties, the total exogenous amino acid content was comparable, ranging from 46.17 g to 47.36 g/100 g protein, and that of endogenous amino acids varied from 52 g to 53 g/100 g protein. The biological value of proteins was determined by calculating to the chemical score (CS), as described by Mitchell and Block, and the essential amino acid index (EAAI), as described by Oser. A comparison of the results with the standard chicken egg white proteins showed that the limiting amino acids for all varieties of cheese were methionine and cysteine. On the other hand, a comparison with the FAO/WHO-suggested pattern of amino acid requirements (1991) for all age groups over 1 year of age showed that the limiting amino acids were methionine and cysteine in smoked and unsmoked short-ripened cheeses, and treonine in long-ripened cheeses. Considering the chemical indices, such as CS and EAAI, it may be concluded that the traditional rennet cheeses produced in southern and eastern Poland have a favourable amino acid composition of proteins and a high nutritive value..

scholarly journals Crude protein requirements in feeding for hybrid jundiara (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum x Leiarius marmoratus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e978986866
Author(s):  
Rafael Pereira Barros ◽  
Joaldo Rocha Luz ◽  
Ana Paula de Souza Ramos ◽  
Deise Silva Costa ◽  
Luís Gustavo Tavares Braga
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Total Plasma Protein

The objective of this study was to determine the crude protein requirements for juvenile jundiara fish, a hybrid of Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum X Leiarius marmoratus. A total of 240 juveniles of the hybrid, with an initial mean weight of 8.4 ± 1.41 g, were distributed in 15 fiberglass tanks (170 L) in a closed water recirculation and constant aeration system, with a density of 16 fish/tank. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of diets with 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40% crude protein. Seventy days into the experiment the final fish weight and feed intake were measured. Two specimens from each experimental unit were collected for evaluation of carcass chemical composition, nutritional efficiency and blood parameters. The increase in crude protein content promoted the significant, increasing linear effect for mean weight gain, mean feed intake and specific growth rate, and decreasing effect for feed conversion. Significant differences were also observed in carcass chemical composition, nutritional efficiency, total plasma protein, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and lipase enzymatic activity. Thus, the increase in crude protein levels of up to 40% in jundiara diets promotes improvement in the productive performance of juvenile jundiara.

Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Protein of the Pea Seeds - Effect of Harvesting Year and Variety

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kotlarz ◽  
Agnieszka Sujak ◽  
Wacław Strobel ◽  
Wilhelm Grzesiak
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Pea Seeds

Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Protein of the Pea Seeds - Effect of Harvesting Year and VarietyWe tested nutritional usability of pea seeds (Pisum sativumL.) at full maturity. Four white-flowering and 5 colour-flowering new Polish cultivars were compared. We determined proximate composition of ground seeds collected over 4 years period as well as amino acids, minerals (Ca, P, Na, K), tannins and fiber fractions (NDF, ADF, ADL). The seeds contained between 224 and 260 g·kg-1of crude protein which was rich in Lys (6.8±0.8 g) but poor in Met+Cys (2.0±0.2 g·16 g-1N). The amount of tannins (as tannic acid equivalent) in white-flowering cvs was 4.3±0.9 g and in colour-flowering - 7.4±2.2 g. The calculated protein nutritional values were compared against amino acid standards of human and animal nutrition and the whole egg protein. Effects of the cropping year and variety variance in respect of chemical composition of seeds were examined. Crude protein, crude oil, N-free extractives, tannins, K, amino acid content: Leu, Phe+Tyr and Ala content were influenced significantly by the cultivar, while the cropping year had a significant influence on dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, crude fibre, crude oil, N-free extractives ADF and ADL fiber fractions, content of P, Na and K, most of the amino acid levels and on nutritional values of the protein measured by means of CS and EAAI indices.

THE INFLUENCE OF DIETARY MONENSIN ON THE LH RESPONSE TO GnRH OR ESTRADIOL AND THE OVULATORY RESPONSE TO PMSG IN GILTS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. KIRKWOOD ◽  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
R. S. KORCHINSKI
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Gnrh Infusion ◽  
Surge Height

To test the effects of monensin on endocrine responsiveness, 43 gilts of Yorkshire and Landrace breeding were individually fed a 16% crude protein basal diet (CT, n = 22) or the basal diet incorporating 33 mg kg−1 monensin (M, n = 21) for 25 d. Gilt weights and feed intakes were recorded at 7-d intervals for 21 d. Monensin did not significantly affect weight gain or feed intake but feed conversion was improved (P < 0.03). At 21 d, M (n = 6) and CT (n = 7) gilts were fitted with vena caval canulae and infused with 50 μg GnRH. Blood samples were obtained at 10-min intervals from 30 min before to 60 min after GnRH infusion. After a 48-h recovery period, these gilts received an injection of estradiol-17 B (E2) and further blood samples taken at the time of injection, at 24 and 36 h then at 6-h intervals until 78 h. All serum samples were assayed for LH and FSH concentrations. The LH response to GnRH was not affected by monensin, peak values being achieved in both groups 30 min after infusion. Serum FSH was not significantly influenced by GnRH in either group. Following E2 injection, the LH surge height was greater (P < 0.09) in monensin-fed gilts and a treatment by time interaction was evident (P < 0.001). Serum FSH was elevated in both groups but was unaffected by monensin. At 21 d, non-blood sampled gilts received an injection of 750 IU PMSG and were slaughtered 10 d later. An ovarian examination indicated that monensin-fed gilts tended (P < 0.1) to have a lower ovulation rate (13.2 ± 1.0 vs. 17.4 ± 1.9 for M and CT gilts, respectively). These data suggest that the feeding of monensin to gilts alters hypothalamic/pituitary responsiveness to stimulation and may enhance growth performance. Key words: Gilts, monensin, LH, FSH

Chemical Composition and Digestibility of Vetch (Vicia sativa) and Bitter Vetch (Vicia ervilia)

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 90-90
Author(s):  
M. M. Tabatabaie ◽  
F. Kafilzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
North West ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Bitter Vetch ◽  
Wide Range

Vetch (Vicia sativa) and Bitter Vetch (Vicia ervilia) are two grain legumes cultivated in many areas of Iran particularly in the west and north west. They grow under a wide range of environmental condition and are quite resistant to low rainfall. These seeds are traditionally used at a moderate level as a part of a ration for dairy cows and fattening lambs by rural farmers. They are considered as a feed with a high crude protein content. However little is known about their nutritional values for ruminants. In this study the two grain legumes were evaluated in terms of their chemical composition and digestibility in sheep fed straw as a basal diet.

scholarly journals Effects of Fermentation on Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids and Apparent Metabolizable Energy in Rapeseed Meal Fed to Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1774
Author(s):  
Zhengke Wu ◽  
Jiao Liu ◽  
Jiang Chen ◽  
Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy

Rapeseed meal (RSM) is a common protein ingredient in animal diets, while the proportion of RSM in diets is limited because of its anti-nutritional factors. Fermentation based on mixed microbial strains appears to be a suitable approach to improve the nutritive value of rapeseed meal in animal feed. In this study, we evaluated the effects of fermentation on the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) values and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids in RSM fed broilers. The AME and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) values of RSM and fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) were determined by the substitution method, with RSM and FRSM proportionally replacing the energy-yielding components of the basal diet by 30%. Results show that fermentation improved AME and AMEn of RSM from 7.44 to 8.51 MJ/kg and from 7.17 to 8.26 MJ/kg, respectively. In the second experiment, two experimental diets were formulated, with RSM and FRSM being the sole sources of amino acids. A nitrogen-free diet (NFD) was also formulated to determine endogenous amino acids losses (EAAL). Feeding on FRSM resulted in higher (p < 0.05) apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and SID of alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, lysine, arginine, and phenylalanine. No significant differences between RSM and FRSM were found for AID and SID of asparagine, histidine, threonine, serine, glutamine, praline, glycine, methionine, and cystine. FRSM had greater AMEn values and SID of amino acids compared to RSM, therefore, FRSM was nutritionally superior to RSM in broiler diets.

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