The levels of hormone and carbohydrate in autumn and non-autumn flowering tree peonies

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Mornya ◽  
Fangyun Cheng
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Isopentenyl Adenosine ◽  
Autumn Flowering ◽  
Flowering Tree

Mornya, P. M. P. and Cheng, F. 2011. The levels of hormone and carbohydrate in autumn and non-autumn flowering tree peonies. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 991–998. This study analyzed the levels of gibberellic acid (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), cytokinin (CTK) and abscisic acid (ABA) hormones using high-performance liquid chromatography, along with the levels of sucrose, reducing sugar and starch carbohydrates by spectrophotometer during induction, initiation and differentiation stages of bud development in autumn (AFP) and non-autumn (NAFP) flowering tree peony cultivars exhibiting variations in flowering pattern. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. The variation in flowering pattern between AFP and NAFP was largely influenced by differences in GA3, IAA and CTK levels at different bud developmental stages. The flower formation cycle was completed earlier in AFP than in NAFP, hence flowering was twice annually. Cytokinin, particularly N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)-adenosine (iPA), could be a critical hormone in autumn flowering of tree peony, as its differences in levels between AFP and NAFP remained significant across bud developmental stages. However, only GA3 had negative differences across bud developmental stages, indicating that GA3 levels were consistently higher in NAFP than in AFP, but the reverse holds true for CTK. The differences in GA3, IAA and CTK between AFP and NAFP were significant (P<0.05) for at least two-thirds of the bud developmental stages. Carbohydrates may not significantly influence the flowering pattern of tree peonies. Autumn flowering in tree peonies could therefore be achieved by regulating GA3, IAA and CTK levels, particularly at the induction and initiation stages of bud development to facilitate the completion of the floral formation cycle, well in advance of bud dormancy period. The findings of this study could lay the scientific basis for genetic engineering of flowering pattern of tree peonies.

scholarly journals Chronological changes in plant hormone and sugar contents in cv. Ao-Shuang autumn flowering tree peony

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Mornya Philip ◽  
Cheng Fangyun ◽  
Li Hongyan
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Bud Opening ◽  
Autumn Flowering ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Different Levels

Successive secondary flowering is critical for tree peony industry. Varying the levels of hormones and sugars are reported to influence plant flowering. This study analyses quantitative changes in the levels of endogenous hormones [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>)] and carbohydrates (sucrose, reducing sugar and starch) in the buds of cv. Ao-Shuang tree peony during autumn and spring flowering seasons. The study shows different levels of hormones (ABA, IAA and GA<sub>3</sub>) and carbohydrates (sucrose, reducing sugar and starch) in spring (SFB) and autumn (AFB) flowering buds. Not only is there increase in IAA, GA<sub>3</sub>, sucrose and reducing sugar, but also decrease in ABA and starch during AFB developmental stages. This probably contributes to induced flowering in AFB. Compared with SFB, IAA could be a vital AFB flowering hormone because it peaks at three critical bud developmental stages of bud swelling, shoot elongation and flower bud opening. Whereas sucrose and reducing sugar contents increase in AFB, that of starch decreases. SFB shows similar trends for sucrose, reducing sugar and starch. The findings suggest that cv. Ao-Shuang tree peony blooms in autumn probably due to lack of dormancy, a phenomenon induced by low ABA. Thus flowering of tree peonies in SFB and AFB could be regulated by different combinations of hormonal and sugar signals.

scholarly journals L-DOPA Trends in Different Tissues at Early Stages of Vicia faba Growth: Effect of Tyrosine Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Oviedo-Silva ◽  
Mhartyn Elso-Freudenberg ◽  
Mario Aranda-Bustos
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Nonprotein Amino Acid ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Gpx Activity ◽  
Different Tissues

The nonprotein amino acid Levo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) has insecticidal, allelochemical, and antiparkinsonian effects. The aim of this research was to assess L-DOPA content in different tissues of Vicia faba (cv. Super Agua Dulce), and to verify if treatment with the phenolic amino acid L-4-hydroxyphenylalanine (tyrosine) had an effect on such content. Under light germination, control and tyrosine-treated early seedling stages of V. faba were studied and L-DOPA was quantified spectrophotometrically (Arnow’s method) and by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), as well. Additionally, tyrosinase (TYROX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities (considered markers of a phenolic compounds metabolism) were quantified as germination proceeded. Different organs (roots, sprouts, and seeds) and different developmental stages were considered. Steady high L-DOPA concentrations were found in untreated sprouts and roots compared to seeds, as time progressed. While TYROX activity was not detected in these experiments, GPX had diverse trends. In control tissues, GPX increased in seed tissue as germination progressed, whereas in roots and sprouts, a decreasing GPX activity was observed. Tyrosine exposure decreased L-DOPA content, and decreased or did not change GPX activity (depending on the organ). Both Arnow’s and HPTLC methods were consistent in terms of tendencies, except for the scarce contents found in seeds, in which HPTLC was more sensitive. The richest source of L-DOPA was found in shoots (untreated), reaching as high as 125 mg g−1 DW (12% in DW) (the highest content reported in fava bean seedlings until now), whereas the smallest L-DOPA content was found in seeds. The importance of light germination conditions is discussed in terms of L-DOPA yield and from a physiological perspective. It is concluded that V. faba (cv. Super Agua Dulce) shoots are a good source of L-DOPA and that tyrosine addition (0.55 mM) decreases L-DOPA content in actively growing tissues (shoots and roots).

scholarly journals Models and Algorithms of Adaptive Animal Flow Control in Rotary Milking Parlors

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1465-1484
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Kirsanov ◽  
Andrey Y. Izmaylov ◽  
Yakov P. Lobachevsky ◽  
Oksana A. Tareeva ◽  
Sergey N. Strebulyaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Computing System ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Idle Time ◽  
Functional Connection ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region ◽  
Physiological Characters

The study addresses the influence of milking duration of individual cows on the performance of conveyor-like rotary milking parlors and seeks to optimize their operation parameters and operating modes. The observational experiment was conducted in the Zhdanovsky Farm in Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russia. The dairy farm had a herd of 600 cows, divided into 10 groups by physiological characters and milk yield, and operated a 36 point milking parlor. Distribution of milking time of individual cows was studied using statistical analysis methods. The cyclogram of parlor operation and the functional connection of main parameters were analyzed using Maple analytical computing system, including its standard libraries and functions. The trends in idle time, which occurs due to undermilking of animals in one turn of the parlor, were studied. The idle time can result in overestimation of the number of stalls or decrease in the nameplate performance of the milking parlor by 30–40% from 120 to 93 cows per hour. Mathematical models, taking into account the influence of the milking time of individual animals (2 to 17 minutes) on the parameters of parlor operation, were developed. The algorithms of adaptive control over the rotational speed were proposed to minimize idle time in parlor operation and maintain the nameplate performance. The mathematical models, control algorithms and developed software can serves as a scientific basis for new designs of high-performance rotary milking parlors.

Using New Model-Based Techniques for the User Interface Design of Medical Devices and Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 234-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Janß ◽  
W. Lauer ◽  
F. Chuembou Pekam ◽  
K. Radermacher
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Medical Engineering ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Performance Modelling ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Attending Physician

Studies concerning critical incidents with technical equipment in the medical/clinical context have found out, that in most of the cases non-ergonomic and non-reliable user interfaces provoke use deficiencies and therefore hazards for the patient and the attending physician. Based on these studies, the authors assume that adequate and powerful tools for the systematic design of error-tolerant and ergonomic Human-Machine-Interfaces for medical devices are missing. In this context, the Chair of Medical Engineering (mediTEC) has developed the new software-based tool mAIXuse in order to overcome these difficulties and to support designers as well as risk assessors. Based on two classical formal-analytical approaches, mAIXuse provides a high-performance modelling structure with integrated temporal relations in order to visualise and analyse the detailed use process, even with complex user interfaces. The approach can be used from the very early developmental stages up to the final validation process. Results of a comparative study with the new mAIXuse tool and a conventional process-FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) show, that the new approach clearly outperforms the FMEA technique.

scholarly journals Rapid Characterizaiton of Chemical Constituents of the Tubers of Gymnadenia conopsea by UPLC–Orbitrap–MS/MS Analysis

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 898
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Xiang-Jian Zhong ◽  
Na Zhou ◽  
Ning Cai ◽  
Jia-Hui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Gymnadenia Conopsea ◽  
Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer ◽  
First Time ◽  
Orbitrap Ms

Gymnadenia conopsea R. Br. is a traditional Tibetan medicinal plant that grows at altitudes above 3000 m, which is used to treat neurasthenia, asthma, coughs, and chronic hepatitis. However, a comprehensive configuration of the chemical profile of this plant has not been reported because of the complexity of its chemical constituents. In this study, a rapid and precise method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) combined with an Orbitrap mass spectrometer (UPLC–Orbitrap–MS/MS) was established in both positive- and negative-ion modes to rapidly identify various chemical components in the tubers of G. conopsea for the first time. Finally, a total of 91 compounds, including 17 succinic acid ester glycosides, 9 stilbenes, 6 phenanthrenes, 19 alkaloids, 11 terpenoids and steroids, 20 phenolic acid derivatives, and 9 others, were identified in the tubers of G. conopsea based on the accurate mass within 3 ppm error. Furthermore, many alkaloids, phenolic acid derivates, and terpenes were reported from G. conopsea for the first time. This rapid method provides an important scientific basis for further study on the cultivation, clinical application, and functional food of G. conopsea.

Molecular characterization and expression patterns of PsSVP genes reveal distinct roles in flower bud abortion and flowering in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa)

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 1181-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunli Wang ◽  
Jingqi Xue ◽  
Noorollah Ahmadi ◽  
Patricia Holloway ◽  
Fuyong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Paeonia Suffruticosa ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Flower Bud Abortion

Wang, S., Xue, J., Ahmadi, N., Holloway, P., Zhu, F., Ren, X. and Zhang, X. 2014. Molecular characterization and expression patterns of PsSVP genes reveal distinct roles in flower bud abortion and flowering in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa). Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1181–1193. Container culture and flower forcing are used for off-season production of tree peony for the Chinese Spring Festival. Storage of potted tree peony for 10 d at 12°C in a refrigerator before 4°C chilling treatment can help new root growth and promote leaf development. Development from bud swelling to anthesis was divided into nine stages. Some aborted flower buds usually emerge in Stage III. Removal of two to four leaflets in an alternating pattern and applying gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) around the flower bud at Stage III can decrease the flower bud abortion rate and promote flower formation rate. Two MADS-box genes with homology to Arabidopsis SVP, designated PsSVP1 and PsSVP2, which probably caused flower-bud abortion, were isolated by reverse transcription-PCR. Sequence comparison analysis showed that PsSVP was most similar to SVP-like gene in apple. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that PsSVP was evolutionarily close to SVP-like genes from Malus domestica, SVP genes from Cruciferae and SVP-like genes from Vitis vinifera. The qRT-PCR results suggested that expression of PsSVP was high in vegetative growth phase, especially in the leaves of tree peony, and its expression was regulated by GA3. Further analysis showed that more PsSVP transcripted in the aborted flower bud, especially in the buds where leaflets grew well. It was deduced that PsSVP can promote vegetative growth and suppress flowering in tree peony. Thus, it is very important to further investigate PsSVP and decipher the mechanisms of flower-bud abortion to improve forcing culture of tree peony.

Dormancy in peach (Prunus persica) flower buds. VI. Effects of gibberellins and an acylcyclohexanedione (trinexapac-ethyl) on bud morphogenesis in field experiments with orchard trees and on cuttings

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herminda Reinoso ◽  
Virginia Luna ◽  
Carlos Dauría ◽  
Richard P Pharis ◽  
Rubén Bottini
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Floral Bud ◽  
Ga Biosynthesis

The effects of several gibberellins (GAs), exo-16,17-dihydro GA5, 2,2-dimethyl GA4, and GA3, and trinexapac-ethyl (an acylcyclohexanedione inhibitor of late-stage GA biosynthesis), were assessed for their effects on flower bud development during and after winter dormancy in peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.) in three field trials and one experiment using cuttings. At late developmental stages, GA3 hastened floral bud development and shortened the time to anthesis, whereas early-stage applications of GA3 either had no effect or delayed floral bud development. In contrast, an exceptionally growth-active GA, 2,2-dimethyl GA4, promoted floral bud development (tested only on cuttings) across a range of application dates. However, it also induced a high percentage of bud abscission and remaining buds had a necrotic gynoecium and alterations in the androecium. Surprisingly, trinexapac-ethyl also promoted floral bud development, although it was not as effective as GA1. Trinexapac-ethyl-treated buds also showed morphological alterations and gynoecium necrosis. However, the best and most consistent treatment for enhancing floral bud development and hastening flower anthesis was 16,17-dihydro GA5. It stimulated floral bud development in up to 80% of the treated buds. Further, the promotive effect of 16,17-dihydro GA5 was maintained through to anthesis across three years of field experiments on intact trees, as well as with cuttings. Whether 16,17-dihydro GA5, a competitive inhibitor of the 3β-hydroxylation step in GA biosynthesis, acts per se, acts via a metabolite (such as 16,17-dihydro GA3), or acts by modifying endogenous GA metabolism is not yet known.Key words: gibberellins, trinexapac-ethyl, floral bud morphogenesis, peach.

scholarly journals aradeepopsis: From images to phenotypic traits using deep transfer learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Hüther ◽  
Niklas Schandry ◽  
Katharina Jandrasits ◽  
Ilja Bezrukov ◽  
Claude Becker
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Gregor Mendel

AbstractLinking plant phenotype to genotype, i.e., identifying genetic determinants of phenotypic traits, is a common goal of both plant breeders and geneticists. While the ever-growing genomic resources and rapid decrease of sequencing costs have led to enormous amounts of genomic data, collecting phenotypic data for large numbers of plants remains a bottleneck. Many phenotyping strategies rely on imaging plants, which makes it necessary to extract phenotypic measurements from these images rapidly and robustly. Common image segmentation tools for plant phenotyping mostly rely on color information, which is error-prone when either background or plant color deviate from the underlying expectations. We have developed a versatile, fully open-source pipeline to extract phenotypic measurements from plant images in an unsupervised manner. aradeepopsis was built around the deep-learning model DeepLabV3+ that was re-trained for segmentation of Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes. It uses semantic segmentation to classify leaf tissue into up to three categories: healthy, anthocyanin-rich, and senescent. This makes aradeepopsis particularly powerful at quantitative phenotyping from early to late developmental stages, of mutants with aberrant leaf color and/or phenotype, and of plants growing in stressful conditions where leaf color may deviate from green. Using our tool on a panel of 210 natural Arabidopsis accessions, we were able to not only accurately segment images of phenotypically diverse genotypes but also to map known loci related to anthocyanin production and early necrosis using the aradeepopsis output in genome-wide association analyses. Our pipeline is able to handle images of diverse origins, image quality, and background composition, and could even accurately segment images of a distantly related Brassicaceae. Because it can be deployed on virtually any common operating system and is compatible with several high-performance computing environments, aradeepopsis can be used independently of bioinformatics expertise and computing resources. aradeepopsis is available at https://github.com/Gregor-Mendel-Institute/aradeepopsis.

scholarly journals Cytokinin Detection during the Dictyostelium discoideum Life Cycle: Profiles Are Dynamic and Affect Cell Growth and Spore Germination

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Aoki ◽  
Anna Kisiala ◽  
Shaojun Li ◽  
Naomi Stock ◽  
Craig Brunetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Metabolomics Data ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Cycle Growth ◽  
And Function ◽  
Exogenous Treatment

Cytokinins (CKs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved growth regulating hormones. While CKs are well-characterized in plant systems, these N6-substituted adenine derivatives are found in a variety of organisms beyond plants, including bacteria, fungi, mammals, and the social amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum. Within Dictyostelium, CKs have only been studied in the late developmental stages of the life cycle, where they promote spore encapsulation and dormancy. In this study, we used ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-positive electrospray ionization-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-(ESI+)-HRMS/MS) to profile CKs during the Dictyostelium life cycle: growth, aggregation, mound, slug, fruiting body, and germination. Comprehensive profiling revealed that Dictyostelium produces 6 CK forms (cis-Zeatin (cZ), discadenine (DA), N6-isopentenyladenine (iP), N6-isopentenyladenine-9-riboside (iPR), N6-isopentenyladenine-9-riboside-5′ phosphate (iPRP), and 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenine (2MeSiP)) in varying abundance across the sampled life cycle stages, thus laying the foundation for the CK biosynthesis pathway to be defined in this organism. Interestingly, iP-type CKs were the most dominant CK analytes detected during growth and aggregation. Exogenous treatment of AX3 cells with various CK types revealed that iP was the only CK to promote the proliferation of cells in culture. In support of previous studies, metabolomics data revealed that DA is one of the most significantly upregulated small molecules during Dictyostelium development, and our data indicates that total CK levels are highest during germination. While much remains to be explored in Dictyostelium, this research offers new insight into the nature of CK biosynthesis, secretion, and function during Dictyostelium growth, development, and spore germination.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document