Relationship between soil nitrate accumulation and in-season corn N nutrition indicators

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Gilles Bélanger ◽  
Annie Claessens
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Content ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Data Points

Ziadi, N., Bélanger, G. and Claessens, A. 2012. Relationship between soil nitrate accumulation and in-season corn N nutrition indicators. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 331–339. Nitrogen management tools are required to optimize crop growth and yield while minimizing the likelihood of N losses to the environment. We previously determined that non-limiting N conditions for near maximum corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield are reached with the following threshold values for three in-season plant-based indicators of corn N nutrition determined at approximately the V12 stage of development: N nutrition index (NNI) = 0.88, leaf N (NL) concentration = 32.7 mg N g−1 leaf DM, and relative chlorophyll meter (RCM) values = 0.95. Our objective was to study the relationship between these plant-based indicators and soil NO3-N content in an effort to develop tools to reduce the likelihood of soil NO3-N accumulation without affecting grain yield. This study at 5 site-years in Québec consisted of six N fertilizer rates (20–250 kg N ha−1). The NNI, NL concentrations, RCM values, and soil (0–0.15 m) NO3-N content were measured weekly from July to early August, while soil NO3-N content to a 0.90-m depth was measured in late August and October. During the growing season from July to early August, the proportion of data points above the average soil NO3-N content was greater under non-limiting N conditions (NNI ≥ 0.88, NL concentrations ≥ 32.7 mg N g−1 leaf DM, or RCM values ≥ 0.95) than under limiting N conditions. Furthermore, the mean soil NO3-N content of the data points above the general average was much higher under non limiting than limiting N conditions in late August (167 vs. 78 kg NO3-N ha−1 for NNI and RCM; 166 vs. 112 kg NO3-N ha−1 for NL concentration) and October (68 vs. 49 kg NO3-N ha−1). High soil NO3-N accumulation during the season and at harvest occurs only when in-season plant-based N indicators are greater than their threshold values.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BIOPOWER APPLICATION ON WEED GROWTH AND YIELD OF RICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. SANA ◽  
R. BAJWA ◽  
A. JAVAID ◽  
A. SHOAIB
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
N Content ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Fixers ◽  
Weed Growth

ABSTRACT Biopower is a commercial rice biofertilizer comprised of various associative nitrogen fixers. In this present study, a field trial was carried out to assess the effects of Biopower application on the growth of some rice weeds and yield of rice (Oryza sativa). Four common rice weeds namely Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa colonum, Marsilea minuta, Paspalum paspaloides, and mixed weeds were sown in 1:1 weed crop ratio in soil amended with i) ½ dose of N (nitrogen) + recommended doses of PK (phosphorus, potassium) fertilizers, ii) recommended doses of NPK fertilizers, and iii) farmyard manure (FYM) + ¼NPK fertilizers, with and without Biopower application. Biopower application variably reduced weed biomass in different soil amendment systems. The effect of Biopower on weed biomass was most pronounced in NPK, followed by FYM amendment, resulting in up to 50% and 36% reduction in weed biomass, respectively. Biopower application enhanced shoot N content of rice in all the treatments. The effect of Biopower application on shoot N content was most pronounced in ½N-PK and least in NPK applied plots. The four weeds planted with rice reduced rice grain yield by 12-75% in different soil amendments. Biopower application enhanced grain yield in rice, in weed free control, and in different weeds infested plots by 38-90% in ½N-PK, 6-13% in NPK and 12-150% in FYM applied plots. The present study has come to the conclusion that adverse effect of weeds on grain yield of rice can be managed by the application of Biopower in combination with either ½N-PK or FYM amendment.

An exploratory evaluation of APSIM to simulate growth and yield processes for winter cereals in rotation systems in South Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. M. Yunusa ◽  
W. D. Bellotti ◽  
A. D. Moore ◽  
M. E. Probert ◽  
J. A. Baldock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser

The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) suite of models was used to predict dynamics in water and nitrogen in soil, as well as the growth and yield of sequential crops of wheat and barley in pasture–wheat–barley rotations, between 1995 and 1997 at Roseworthy, South Australia. The NWHEAT model satisfactorily predicted above-ground dry matter, leaf area index and grain yields for both crops in rotations with either grassy (Grass) or medic (Medic) pastures, including the lack of significant response of yield to nitrogen fertiliser applied to wheat at sowing. Simulation data for soil water, from SOILWAT2, was consistent with measured data. Simulation with SOILN2, however, largely underestimated soil nitrogen, due to excessive uptake by the simulated wheat during the season when nitrogen was abundant and water supply readily available. Thus, the soil nitrate had to be reset at sowing for the following barley crop; simulated soil nitrate agreed with the measured data in this season when this nutrient was low. For most variables of crop growth and soil water, the simulated data were mostly within 2 standard errors of the measured means. Prediction of grain protein was underestimated in all cases, including where nitrogen in the shoot was overestimated. This was possibly due to inadequate remobilisation of nitrogen from the straw and roots to the grain by the simulated crop. A satisfactory prediction of dry matter, grain yield and grain weight was obtained for wheat when the models were extended to other trials at Roseworthy (Lower North), Minnipa (Upper Eyre Peninsula) and Wunkar (Murray Mallee), based on limited soil data. Long-term simulations of wheat yields showed that, with early sowing in the Lower North, median wheat yield increased by 50 kg/ha for every kilogram of nitrogen applied at sowing, up to a maximum nitrogen rate of 50 kg/ha. In the drier districts of the Upper Eyre Peninsula and the Murray Mallee, nitrogen fertiliser of no more than 25 kg/ha, applied at sowing, was enough to achieve yield benefits in any given season. At these drier sites, crop failures occurred in 5% (Upper Eyre Peninsula) and 10% (Murray Mallee) of the seasons simulated. Median sowing dates from these simulations were 15 May for the Lower North, 30 May for the Upper Eyre Peninsula and 24 May for Murray Mallee. This suggested that sowing could be conducted at least a week earlier than currently practised in the 3 environments. This study demonstrated the capability of APSIM to predict growth and grain yield of wheat and barley, as well as the associated dynamics of soil water in the main cereal belts of South Australia.

Nitrogen transformations in a soil of the Lower Burdekin, Queensland. I. Mineral nitrogen and redox potential under rice

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (101) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Reid ◽  
SA Waring
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Soil Ammonium ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

A small plot field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of 0, 60 and 120 kg N ha-1 as ammonium sulphate and 8, 4 and 3 irrigations before permanent flooding on soil mineral nitrogen and redox potential under rice. The soil was reduced to about 360 mV on some occasions before permanent flooding 39 days after sowing but no significant irrigation treatment effects occurred. After permanent flooding, redox potential at pH 7 declined to stabilize at around 120 mV, in the range where denitrification should occur. Significant differences in soil ammonium occurred between nitrogen treatments throughout most of the experiment. Initial recovery by soil analysis was almost complete but soil ammonium remained below 5 kg N ha-1 in all treatments after the first 53 days. Fertilizer addition significantly increased soil nitrate levels 18 and 27 days after sowing. Both nitrogen treatments significantly increased grain yield. Maximum soil nitrate accumulation occurred 27 days after sowing. It was reduced from 11 kg N ha-1 in treatments with 3 and 4 irrigations, to 6 kg N ha-1 in the 8 irrigations treatment. This difference may not indicate increased denitrification as irrigation treatments did not significantly affect grain yield. After the first few days of permanent flooding, soil nitrate remained below 3 kg N ha-1.

Impact of biochar on nitrate accumulation in an alkaline soil

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Zhong Zhang ◽  
Xia-Hui Wang ◽  
Zhang-Liu Du ◽  
Xin-Ren Liu ◽  
Yi-Ding Wang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Nitrate Retention ◽  
Significant Difference

The effects of biochar on alkaline soils in high-yielding agricultural fields remain poorly understood. Nitrate variation in soils due to biochar application without a change in soil pH, is a great concern relating to both crop yield and nitrate leaching. In this study, we monitored changes in dynamics of soil nitrate accumulation and effects on grain yield due to biochar application in a temperate, high-yielding region. Biochar derived from corncob was applied to an alkaline soil at biochar rates (kg ha–1) of 0 (CK), 2250 (C1), and 4500 (C2) for each of two crop seasons in 2007. A treatment with 750 kg biochar-based fertiliser ha–1 (CN) for each of two crop seasons was also included. Biochar had no significant effect on soil water content to 1 m soil depth. Biochar tended to increase the soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) in the 0–20 cm soil layer and nitrate retention to 1 m soil profile, but there was no significant difference between biochar treatments and CK. Grain yield of C1, C2, and CN was improved by 10.3%, 16.9%, and 15.5% compared with CK, respectively, but only C2 was significantly different from CK. Grain yields of winter wheat with biochar application showed a trend similar to soil CEC and average soil-nitrate retention, suggesting that the increases in grain yield were mainly attributable to improvements in soil CEC and soil nitrate retention due to biochar application in the alkaline soil. In conclusion, the effects of biochar on soil water retention, soil nitrate retention, and grain yield were very limited in alkaline soil in a high-yielding region.

Tiller development and yield of standard and semidwarf spring wheat varieties as affected by nitrogen fertilizer

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Power ◽  
J. Alessi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Leaf Axil ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
N Content ◽  
N Nutrition

SUMMARYThis research was conducted to determine the effects of applying N-fertilizer to standard and semidwarf spring wheat varieties on the components of grain yield, and especially on the ability of tillers to develop and produce ears under semiarid conditions. For two growing seasons at Mandan, North Dakota, tillers were identified and tagged according to the leaf axil from which they originated. The survival and development of these tillers, identified as M, T1, T2, and T3 for main stem and tillers from axils of first, second and third true leaves respectively, were observed and measured from emergence to maturity. N-fertilizer was applied at 0, 50 and 270 kg N/ha annually, representing deficient, adequate and excessive N supply.N-fertilizer application increased grain yield of both varieties, with the increase between 50 and 270 kg N/ha being significant for the standard variety only. Most of this response to N resulted from an increase in the number of ears/ha, arising from reduced mortality of tillers, particularly T2 and T3 tillers during the latter part of the season when water was limited. For a given variety, grain production by M and by T1 tillers was seldom affected by N treatment. Although data were analysed by several means, all results indicate that improved N nutrition enables the later-developing tillers to survive and produce ears more competitively. Final grain yield was closely correlated with N content of a given tiller at the tillering stage, and to dry weight of individual tillers at both tillering and heading. Order of tiller had no appreciable effect on N content of grain. The proportion of final grain yield originating from M decreased from about 60% without N to about 36% for 270 kg N/ha, primarily because of increased survival and production from T2 and T3 tillers following the application of N-fertilizer.

scholarly journals Seed Priming with Potassium Nitrate and Gibberellic Acid Enhances the Performance of Dry Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in North-Western India

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Buta Singh Dhillon ◽  
Virender Kumar ◽  
Pardeep Sagwal ◽  
Navjyot Kaur ◽  
Gurjit Singh Mangat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Western India ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Direct Seeded

Poor early growth and uneven crop establishment are reported as the major bottlenecks in wide-scale adoption and optimal yield realization of dry direct-seeded rice (DSR). Seed priming can potentially help overcome these problems in DSR. Therefore, laboratory and field studies were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India, during kharif/wet-season 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the effect of different priming techniques on germination, establishment, growth, and grain yield of rice under DSR conditions. The following priming treatments were evaluated: dry non-primed seed (control), hydropriming with distilled water, halopriming with 2.0% potassium nitrate, hormopriming with 50 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3), and osmopriming with polyethylene glycol (PEG)(−0.6 MPa), each with 12 and 24 h priming duration. In 2019, priming treatments were tested under two DSR establishment methods—conventional DSR (sowing in dry soil followed by irrigation) and soil mulch DSR (locally known as vattar DSR) (sowing in moist soil after pre-sowing irrigation), whereas in 2018, priming treatments were evaluated under conventional DSR only. In both years, halopriming and hormopriming resulted in a 7–11% increase in rice yields compared to non-primed dry seed (control). Osmopriming resulted in a 4% yield increase compared to control in 2018 but not in 2019. The higher yields in halopriming and hormopriming were attributed to higher and rapid germination/crop emergence, better root growth, and improvement in yield attributes. Priming effect on crop emergence, growth, and yield did not differ by DSR establishment methods and duration of priming. Conventional DSR and soil mulch DSR did not differ in grain yield, whereas they differed in crop emergence, growth, and yield attributes. These results suggest that halopriming with 2.0% potassium nitrate and hormopriming with 50 ppm GA3 has good potential to improve crop establishment and yield of rice in both conventional and soil mulch DSR systems.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF ROSE WOOD, GUAVA, EUCALYPTUS, SACRED FIG AND JAMAN LEAF LITTER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT ( Triticum aestivum L.) IN A WHEAT-BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. IQBAL ◽  
H.A. RAUF ◽  
A.N. SHAH ◽  
B. SHAHZAD ◽  
M.A Bukhari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

ABSTRACT Selection of tree species under agroforestry systems is crucial to sustain the productivity of a crop. In present study, allelopathic effects of the leaf litters of 5 trees named Rose wood (Dalbergia sissoo), Guava (Pisidium guajava), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), Sacred fig (Ficus religiosa) and Jaman (Syzygium cumini) species on wheat growth and yield was examined. Leaf litter of each tress species was mixed in soil with two doses @ 100 and 200 g of leaves of each species per pot. Higher shoot length, shoot dry weight, number of spikelets per spike and biological yield were recorded in 200 g sun dried Jaman (Syzygium cumini) leaves. Total number of tillers per plant and number of ears per plant were higher under the application of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves (200 g sun dried) as compared to other treatments. Spike length, grain yield per pot, number of grains per pot and harvest index were maximum in 200 g sun-dried Sacred fig (Ficu sreligiosa) leaves. Majority of the parameters were promoted at lower doses of leaves per pot, however, at higher doses they started inhibiting the growth and grain yield of wheat.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Supply Affects Grain Yield by Regulating Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Photosynthetic Capacity of Maize Plant in the Loess Plateau

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1094
Author(s):  
Kai Yue ◽  
Lingling Li ◽  
Junhong Xie ◽  
Setor Kwami Fudjoe ◽  
Renzhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Significant Difference

Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient for maize, and appropriate N fertilization can promote maize growth and yield. The effect of N fertilizer rates and timings on morphology, antioxidant enzymes, and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the Loess Plateau of China was evaluated. The four N levels, i.e., 0 (N0), 100 (N1), 200 (N2), and 300 (N3) kg ha−1, were applied at two timings (T1, one-third N at sowing and two-thirds at the six-leaf stage of maize; T2, one-third applied at sowing, six-leaf stage, and eleven-leaf stage of maize). The results show that N2 and N3 significantly increased the plant height, stem and leaf dry weight, and leaf area index of maize compared with a non-N-fertilized control (N0). The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and leaf chlorophyll contents were lower, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was higher for non-fertilized plants compared to fertilized plants. The activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with N rate, but the difference between 200 and 300 kg ha−1 was not significant; further, the isozyme bands of POD and SOD also changed with their activities. Compared with a non-N-fertilized control, N2 and N3 significantly increased grain yield by 2.76- and 3.11-fold in 2018, 2.74- and 2.80-fold in 2019, and 2.71- and 2.89-fold in 2020, and there was no significant difference between N2 and N3. N application timing only affected yield in 2018. In conclusion, 200 kg N ha−1 application increased yield through optimizing the antioxidant enzyme system, increasing photosynthetic capacity, and promoting dry matter accumulation. Further research is necessary to evaluate the response of more cultivars under more seasons to validate the results obtained.

scholarly journals Growth and yield performance of soybean with the application of Bradyrhyzobium inoculant via furrow and seed

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2387
Author(s):  
Santiel Alves Vieira Neto ◽  
Fábio Ribeiro Pires ◽  
João Carlos Madalão ◽  
Douglas Gomes Viana ◽  
Carlos César Evangelista de Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

Given the high costs of agricultural production, especially due to the price of fertilisers, particularly nitrogen, the use of inoculants to supply nitrogen to soybean crops is a widely recommended practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of applying inoculants through seed and planting furrow in soil previously cultivated with soybean and Brazilian native “cerrado” biome soil under greenhouse conditions. Seven treatments were tested: 1) inoculation via seed (inoculant + fungicide + micronutrient), 2) treatment via seed (fungicide + micronutrient), 3) control (only seed), 4) inoculation via furrow-dose 1 (recommended dose), 5) inoculation via furrow-dose 2 (twice the recommended dose), 6) inoculation via furrow-dose 3 (three times the recommended dose) and 7) inoculation via furrow-dose 1 + seed inoculation. We evaluated plant height, fresh and dry matter weight of the aerial part and nodules, number of total, viable and non-viable nodules, number of pods per plant and grain yield. Inoculation was more effective when used in cerrado soil, but soybean performance in treatments without inoculation was higher in previously cultivated soil. Application through furrow proved to be a viable practice due to the similarity of the results obtained with the traditional application by seed.

Growth and Yield of Wheat under Irrigation by Sugar Mill’s Wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
PK Kundu ◽  
TK Acharjee ◽  
MA Mojid
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Wastewater Irrigation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sugar Mill ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Sugar Mills ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Mixed Water

The possibility of using sugar mill’s wastewater/effluent in irrigation was evaluated by investigating the effects of wastewater on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Prodip). The experiment was conducted at North Bengal Sugar Mill site in Natore during December 2011 to March 2012. Three irrigation treatments (I1: irrigation with fresh/tubewell water, I2: irrigation with a mixture of fresh and wastewater at 1:1 ratio and I3: irrigation with wastewater) under a main factor and three fertilizer treatments (F0: no application of fertilizer, F1: half dose fertilizer and F2: full dose fertilizer) under a sub factor were evaluated. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications of the treatments. Wheat was grown with three irrigations totaling 14 cm applied at 4, 26 and 43 days after sowing (DAS). Important growth and yield data of the crop were recorded. The highest grain yield of 1.829 t/ha was obtained under mixed water irrigation and the lowest grain yield of 1.469 t/ha was obtained under wastewater irrigation. The three irrigation treatments, however, provided statistically similar (p = 0.05) grain yield. For the interaction between irrigation and fertilizers, mixed water irrigation and full dose fertilizer application (I2F2) provided significantly higher grain yield (2.757 t/ha) than all other treatment combinations. The second highest yield, produced under freshwater irrigation and full dose fertilizer (I1F2), was statistically similar to the yield under wastewater irrigation and full dose fertilizer (I3F2). Results of this experiment thus exposed good prospects of irrigating wheat by sugar mills’ wastewater.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19174 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 211 - 218, 2013

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