INFLUENCE OF POTASSIUM SPRAYS ON FOLIAR NECROSIS AND YIELDS OF ROMAINE LETTUCE, RADISHES, AND POTATOES

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winston M. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Green Mountain ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Leaf Breakdown ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Leaf Necrosis ◽  
Muriate Of Potash

Spraying romaine lettuce with either muriate or sulphate of potash eliminated leaf scorch (leaf breakdown) in six trials and significantly increased the yield of one. In one experiment radishes showed no foliage symptoms, but those sprayed with muriate of potash gave significantly higher yield. Leaf necrosis of Green Mountain potatoes was reduced markedly by potassium sprays in each of 4 years, while yields of U.S. No. 1 tubers were greatly increased in 3 years. Differences between muriate and sulphate of potash were not significant at the concentration used. Potassium sprays during the growing season may be profitable on crops grown in soils deficient in potassium.

scholarly journals Almond Leaf Scorch Disease Development on Almond Branches High-Grafted on Peach Rootstock

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiesen Cao ◽  
Theodore M. DeJong ◽  
Bruce C. Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Peach Rootstocks ◽  
Almond Leaf Scorch ◽  
Made In

Development of almond leaf scorch (ALS) disease was monitored on young almond (Prunus dulcis ‘NePlus’ and ‘Peerless’) shoots produced from almond scion wood that was high-grafted on peach rootstocks (P. persica ‘Queencrest/Nemaguard’), after the almond shoots were mechanically inoculated with Xylella fastidiosa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential movement of X. fastidiosa through almond–peach graft unions. ALS symptoms developed on both X. fastidiosa-inoculated and uninoculated almond shoots that were high-grafted on different peach limbs of the same tree in September following inoculations with X. fastidiosa made in June and July 2002, respectively, when the average distance in peach rootstock between the two almond–peach graft unions was 30.5 cm or shorter. No ALS symptoms were observed on uninoculated almond shoots late in the growing season of the second year. The incidence of ALS-affected leaves on shoots inoculated with X. fastidiosa decreased in the second year on the inoculated shoots of Peerless as determined by the number of inoculated shoots showing ALS symptoms in 2002 versus 2003. No visible ALS symptoms were observed in NePlus late in the growing season of the second year, suggesting that survival of X. fastidiosa in NePlus was less than in Peerless. These data demonstrate that movement of X. fastidiosa through two almond–peach graft unions was possible during the year of inoculation when the peach rootstock stem distance between the two almond–peach graft unions was minimal. However, X. fastidiosa may not survive the winter season or survived so poorly as not to be able to produce ALS symptoms in the second growing season on the uninoculated shoots that previously showed ALS symptoms in the fall of the year when an adjacent shoot was inoculated. The results suggest that high-grafting almond scion wood on multiple peach rootstock limbs may provide a means to limit movement of X. fastidiosa from one almond limb to another on the same tree.

Fate of 15N-labelled fertilizer applied on snow at two forest sites in British Columbia

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1583-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Preston ◽  
Valin G. Marshall ◽  
Kevin McCullough ◽  
Donald J. Mead
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Green Mountain ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Coastal Site ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Forest Sites

Fertilizer was applied on snow in January 1981 at 100 kg N•ha−1 as [15N]urea, 15NH4NO3, and NH415NO3 to 11-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) at Spillimacheen in the British Columbia interior and as [15N]urea (200 kg N•ha−1) to 13-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) at Green Mountain, a coastal site in British Columbia. Recovery of labelled N after one growing season was determined in soil and biomass at both sites, and it was also monitored during the growing season in snow and soil at Spillimacheen. At Green Mountain, 5.5% of urea N was recovered in tree biomass, 10.8% in understory, and 33.4% in soil organic N (total recovery 49.7%). Leaching may have contributed to N losses at Green Mountain, but was probably not a direct consequence of the application on snow. At Spillimacheen, total recovery of [15N]urea was 93.3%, with 10.1% in tree biomass, 2.4% in understory, and 80.8% in soil. For 15NH4NO3, recoveries were 5.3% in tree biomass, 2.9% in understory, and 87.0% in soil, for a total of 95.2%. For NH415NO3, recoveries were 1.9% in tree biomass, 3.4% in understory, and 39.1% in soil, for a total of 44.4%. At Spillimacheen, the performance of 15NH4NO3 was comparable to that of urea in tree uptake and soil retention. There were large losses with the NH415NO3 source, however, most likely due to leaching and denitrification during snowmelt. For this reason, fertilization with nitrate on snow is not recommended because of nitrate's susceptibility to leaching, but urea and ammonium sources may be applied under these conditions.

Variation in the size of macropycnidiospores and pycnidia of Septoria tritici on wheat

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 742-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Shearer ◽  
Roy D. Wilcoxson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Leaf Necrosis

Macropycnidiospores and pycnidia of Septoria tritici in leaves of naturally infected Cheyenne and Minter winter wheats decreased in size as the growing season progressed. The change in the size of the spores and pycnidia was negatively correlated with days after planting and increased leaf necrosis. In glasshouse experiments, the size of spores and pycnidia was not significantly affected by changes in the percentage of the leaf area that was covered by lesions bearing pycnidia, vernalization, or the isolate of S. tritici. Spores and pycnidia were significantly larger at 18 °C than at 27 °C in Era spring wheat but not in Minter winter wheat. In both Era and Minter, the spores that formed in infected leaves with dry surfaces were smaller than those that formed in leaves with wet surfaces, although the differences were not significant. Pycnidia in leaves of Era that were kept dry were significantly larger than those in leaves that were kept wet, but wet leaves senesced rapidly.

DETECTION AND OCCURRENCE OF PRIMARY INFECTION BY POTATO VIRUS S OF DISEASE-FREE PLANTS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1347-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. SINGH ◽  
A. BOUCHER ◽  
T. H. SOMERVILLE
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Green Mountain ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Potato Virus S ◽  
Potato Plantlets ◽  
Red Pontiac ◽  
Disease Free

Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and potato plantlets of cultivars Green Mountain, Red Pontiac, Russet Burbank and Shepody, potato virus S (PVS) was detected in primary infected plants under field conditions. Potato virus S was detected 3 wk postinoculation (p.i.) from the field-grown plants as compared to 2 wk p.i. from greenhouse-grown plants. Potato virus S concentration in infected plants remained high throughout the growing season. The ELISA test using dormant tubers was not reliable because A405 nm values overlapped between infected and healthy tubers. Exposure of healthy plants to PVS sources in the field resulted in high infections with PVS by the 9th wk of growth. This pattern of infection suggests involvement of aerial vectors in the transmission of PVS under conditions of the Atlantic region of Canada.Key words: Current year infection, ELISA, dormant tubers, spread of PVS

Growing season

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Wellington
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season

Irrigation regime and water consumption of potatoes in the Republic of Bashkortostan, depending on the reclamation condition of lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Guzel Gumerova ◽  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Anatoly Shuravilin ◽  
Elena Piven
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

Data of long-term researches (2015–2018) in southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is justified theoretically and experimentally the mode of irrigation of potatoes on leached chernozems of unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good ameliorative condition of irrigated lands. For the growing periods of potatoes with different heat and moisture supply, the number of watering, the timing of their implementation, irrigation and irrigation norms are established. On lands with unsatisfactory meliorative state the number of irrigation depending on weather conditions of potato vegetation period varied from 0 to 3 (1.5 on average) with average irrigation norm – 990 m3/ha. With satisfactory meliorative state of lands the number of irrigation on average increased from 0 to 4 (2.3 on average) with irrigation norm – 1305 m3/ha. On lands with good meliorative state the number of irrigation was the highest – from 1 to 5 (3 on average) with average irrigation irrigation norm is 1653 m3/ha. It was noted that in the dry periods of potato vegetation the greatest number of watering was carried out (3–5 watering), and in the wet periods (2017) watering was not carried out except for the area with a good reclamation state, where only one irrigation was carried out by the norm of 550 m3/ha. Water consumption of potato was studied in dynamics as a whole during the growing season and the months of the growing season depending on weather conditions of vegetation period and land reclamation condition of irrigated lands, as well as in the control (without irrigation). The lowest total water consumption was in the area without irrigation and averaged 226.8 mm. In irrigated areas, its values increased to 319-353.4 mm. The average daily water consumption varied from 2.12 to 3.3 mm. The highest rates of potato water consumption were observed in June and July, and the lowest – in May and August. In the total water consumption of potatoes on the site without irrigation, the largest share was occupied by atmospheric precipitation and in addition to them the arrival of moisture from the soil. Irrigation water was used in irrigated areas along with precipitation, the share of which was 30.2–46.1 %.

Dynamics of CO2 emission from chernozems under agricultural use

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
M. Miroshnychenko ◽  
O. Siabruk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Mineral System

Aim. The comparison of the effect of hydrothermal conditions and various agricultural practices on the emission of CO 2 from chernozems in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The dynamics of the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions from chernozem calcic (typical chernozem – in Ukrainian classifi cation) was studied during the growing season of 2011–2012. The observations were based on two fi eld experiments with various methods of soil till- age (6–7 years from the beginning of the experiment) and fertilization systems (21–22 years from the beginning of the experiment). Particularly, plowing at 20–22 cm, disking at 10–12 cm, cultivation at 6–8 cm and direct seeding using Great Plains drill were studied among the soil tillage methods. Mineral system (N 45 P 50 K 45 ), organic system (manure 8 t/ha) and combined organic-mineral system (manure 8 t/ha + N 45 P 50 K 45 ) were studied among fertilization systems. The intensity of CO 2 fl ux was determined using the non-stationary respiratory chambers by the alkaline absorption method, with averaging of the results during the day and the frequency of once a month. Results. During the warm period, the emission of carbon dioxide from the soil changes dynamically depending on temperature and humidity. The maximum of emission coincides with the periods of warm summer showers in June-July, the minimum values are characteristic for the late autumn period. The total emission losses of carbon in chernozems over the vegetation period ranged from 480 to 910 kg/ha and varied depending on the methods of tillage ± (4.0–6.0) % and fertilization systems ± (3.8–7.1) %. The changes in the intensity of CO 2 emission from the soil under different methods of soil tillage are associated with hydrothermal regime and the depth of crop residues location. The biggest difference is observed im- mediately after tillage, but in the spring period the differences are only 12–25 %, and after drying of the top layer of soil become even less. Direct seeding technology provides the greatest emission of CO 2 from chernozem, which is fa- cilitated by better water regime and more complete mineralization of plant residues on the soil surface. Annual losses of carbon are the least under disking of soil at 10–12 cm. The changes in the intensity of CO 2 emission from the soil under different fertilization systems are associated with the involvement of the additional organic matter from plant residues and manure to the microbiological decomposition. The greatest emission was observed under the organic- mineral fertilization system, which increased the loss of carbon by 7–8 % in comparison with the mineral system in the unfavorable hydrothermal year and by 11–15 % in the more favorable year. These differences are observed mainly during the fi rst half of the growing season when there is a clear tendency to increase the intensity of soil respiration. Conclusions. The hydrothermal conditions of the warm period of the year are decisive in the formation of the CO 2 emission fl ow from chernozems. Due to the improvement of agricultural practices, emissions might be reduced but not more that by 15 % of natural factor contribution.

Irrigation scheduling and water requirements for cowpea using evaporation pan at middle of Iraq

1970 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Saifuldeen A. Salim ◽  
Isam Kudhier Hamza ◽  
Laith Farhan Jar
Keyword(s):  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Fresh Seed ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Evaporation Pan

The present study was conducted to find out the water requirements and most suitable irrigation frequencies for cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) var grown under drip irrigation. The treatments were based on the IW:CPE ratio at different empirical pan factors 0.6 , 0.8, 1.0, 1.,1.4 , and 1.6 Ef (where Ef = IW/CPE). It was observed that the irrigation interval was variable values decreased by increasing Ef value and with the progress of the growing season. The 1.2 and 1.0 IW: CPE treatments with approximately 4 days irrigation interval were achieved the best results. The total amount of applied water during Cowpea growing season was varied between 247.7 and 266.5mm with 254.8mm as a mean. Irrigation treatment with Ef1.2 was superior over the rest of other treatments in fresh seed yield (5.13 ton.hec.-1), crop water productivity (2.14 kg.m-3), biological yield (6.88 ton.hec.-1) , fresh pod yield (7.33 ton.hec.-1), weight of 100 seed (31.28gm), number of seed/pod (9.34) and netting percentage (37.1). The lowest values of the most parameters used in this study were obtained by Ef 0.6 irrigation treatment.  

Improvement of separate elements of the techno-logy of cultivation of white cabbage in the conditions of the of the central region of the non-chernozem zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Konstantinovich ◽  
◽  
A.S. Kuracheva ◽  
E.D. Binkevich
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Sowing Seed

In conditions of climate change, when temperature and precipitation fluctuations occur more and more frequently during the growing season, it is necessary to obtain high quality seedlings with "immunity" to various stress factors, including high weediness, the damage from which is associated with a decrease in yield (by 25 -35%) and with a deterioration in the quality of agricultural products. Due to the imbalance in production technology, seedlings are often weakened, overgrown, with a low yield per unit area and survival rate in the field. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of PP for pre-sowing seed treatment to increase the competitiveness of seedlings in the field.

Experience of soybean cultivation in the Kaluga Department of Agricultural Machinery SC.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Sergeev ◽  
◽  
A.Yu. Pivkin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Soybean Variety ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
High Seed Yield

The experience of cultivation of soybeans in SC "Agricultural machinery" of the Kaluga region on an area of 190 hectares shows that the soybean variety Alaska is sufficiently adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of this region, provides a high seed yield (up to 32 c / ha) and a high yield (up to 1344 kg / ha) relatively inexpensive protein. However, this variety has a long growing season (95-105 days) and therefore desiccation of crops is required for harvesting for seeds.

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