Microfloral infection and quality deterioration of sunflower seeds as affected by temperature and moisture content during storage and the suitability of the seeds for insect or mite infestation

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. G. White ◽  
D. S. Jayas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Ground Seed

Sunflower seed, cultivar Interstate 7111, was stored at 10, 20, 30, and 40 °C and 35, 45, 55, and 75% RH for up to 12 mo. At 75% RH fungal growth was extensive and free fatty acids (FFA) increased rapidly under all temperature regimes. Based on a threefold increase in FFA (1.5%) seed can be stored for 12 mo: at 6% moisture content (MC) and 30 °C; 7% MC and 20 °C; or 8% MC and 10 °C. Seed germination remained above 80% for 12 mo at 10 and 20 °C and 35, 45, and 55% RH; it declined to 70% at 30 °C and 45% RH, but at 55% RH it fell to 30% at 6 mo and 0% at 12 mo. Seed germination decreased rapidly at 40 °C. The incidence of microfloral infection by Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. directly affected increased FFA, decreased germination, and infection was frequent at > 75% RH and different fungal species predominated at different temperatures. Eight species of stored-product beetles and one species of mite were placed on whole sunflower seed, ground seed, shells, or seed meat. Only Oryzaephilus surinamensis, O. mercator, Tribolium castaneum, and T. confusum multiplied appreciably in 2 mo, mainly on ground seed or seed meat. The Oryzaephilus spp. multiplied as much on sunflower seed as on ground wheat controls. Infestation of sunflower seeds by these pests is likely. Key words: Sunflower seed, storage, free fatty acids, germination, fungi, Insecta, Acari

Seed Storage and Germination Performance in Knema attenuata - an Endemic Medicinal Tree of Western Ghats, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
Abdul Azeez Hussain ◽  
◽  
Ramachandra Kurup Rajvikraman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Climatic Condition ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Medicinal Tree

Detailed study on seed storage and germination trailed in Knema attenuata (Wall. ex Hook. f. & Thomson) Warb.– the IUCN Red Listed ‘least concern’ medicinal tree species revealed that seeds were of recalcitrant nature. Viability of the seeds could be maintained for a longer period of up to 6 months with 47% Moisture content (mc) when kept in closed polycarbonate bottles at seed bank condition [20±20C Temp. and 40% Relative Humidity (RH)]. The 55% seed germination under normal climatic condition could be enhanced to a much higher percentage (75±5) inside the mist house chamber (34±30C Temp. and 70-80% RH).

Seed storage behaviour and seed germination in African and Malagasy baobabs (Adansonia species)

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juvet Razanameharizaka ◽  
Michel Grouzis ◽  
Didier Ravelomanana ◽  
Pascal Danthu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Wet Forests

The Adansonia (baobab) genus comprises seven species in Africa, six of which are endemic to Madagascar. Depending on the species, baobabs develop in widely varying ecosystems, including arid zones and savannahs, as well as dry and wet forests. Seeds from all species exhibited orthodox behaviour, tolerating dehydration to a moisture content of around 5%. There was no physical dormancy in the two species belonging to the Brevitubae section, A. grandidieri and A. suarezensis. Their seeds germinated without any prior scarification. The five other species, belonging to Adansonia and Longitubae section, have seeds with water-impermeable coats. In the case of A. digitata and A. za, the proportion of water-impermeable seeds was around two-thirds, whereas with A. rubrostipa, A. madagascariensis and A. perrieri, the proportion was >90%. Treatments allowing for the removal of physical dormancy needed to be markedly more severe with A. madagascariensis than with the other species. None the less, it seems impossible to link these characteristics and the interspecific differences to a strategy for adaptation by these species to their environment.

Factors affecting the deterioration of stored flaxseed including the potential of insect infestation

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. G. White ◽  
D. S. Jayas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Group A ◽  
Insect Reproduction ◽  
Ground Flaxseed

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L. 'McGregor') stored at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 °C and 35, 50, 60, and 70% relative humidity (RH) for up to 12 mo deteriorated in quality in < 1–3 mo at the two highest temperatures, although the seed was stored "dry" (≤ 10% moisture content, MC). Initial fatty acid values (FAV) of 41.1 mg KOH 100 g−1 dry seed (0.51% free fatty acids in oil) rarely increased more than 1.5-fold over 12 mo at 10 or 20 °C and up to 10% MC, or at 30 °C and 7 to 8% MC. Using FAV as a storage quality-loss criterion, flaxseed at 8–9% MC could be stored for 6 mo at 30 °C, 1–2 mo at 40 °C, or a few weeks at 50 °C with less than a 1.5-fold increase. A twofold increase in FAV was correlated to a discoloured or charred appearance of seeds and a rapid loss in seed germination. Seed germination did not decrease during 12 mo at 10 or 20 °C and 70% RH, or at 30 °C and 60% RH. The fungi Aspergillus glaucus group, A. candidus Link, and Penicillium spp. infected seed at some temperatures and relative humidities with low frequency by 6 mo, and A. flavus Link also occurred at 12 mo. Visible microflora were absent after 6 mo on seed at 40 and 50 °C. The beetles Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel), O. surinamensis L., Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and T. confusum J. duVal survived and produced some larvae on both whole and ground flaxseed in 2 mo. McGregor was slightly more suitable for insect reproduction than NorMan or NorLin. Five other insect species could not survive. Extensive infestation of flaxseed by stored-product insects is unlikely. Key words: Flaxseed, storage, free fatty acids, germination, microflora, insects

scholarly journals High Drying Temperature Accelerates Sunflower Seed Deterioration by Regulating the Fatty Acid Metabolism, Glycometabolism, and Abscisic Acid/Gibberellin Balance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutao Huang ◽  
Min Lu ◽  
Huaping Wu ◽  
Tiyuan Zhao ◽  
Pin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Storage Process ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Seed Deterioration

Sunflower seed storage is accompanied by the loss of seed vigor. Seed drying is a key link between seed harvest and seed storage; however, to date, the effect of seed drying on sunflower seed deterioration during storage remains unclear. The present study performed hot air drying for sunflower seeds with an initial moisture content of 30% to examine the manner in which drying temperature (35, 40, 45, 50, and 55°C) affects the drying performance and seed vigor following storage process (6 and 12 months). A drying temperature of 40°C was evidently safe for sunflower seeds, whereas the high drying temperatures (HTD, 45, 50, and 55°C) significantly lowered sunflower seed vigor by regulating the fatty acid metabolism, glycometabolism, and abscisic acid (ABA)/gibberellin (GA) balance. HDT significantly increased the seed damage rate and accelerated sunflower seed deterioration during natural and artificial aging process. Further biochemical analysis indicated that HDT significantly increased lipoxygenase and dioxygenase activities, leading to malonaldehyde and reactive oxygen species over-accumulation during storage. During early seed germination, HDT significantly inhibited fatty acid hydrolysis and glycometabolism by decreasing triacylglycerol lipase, CoA-SH oxidase, and invertase activities. Moreover, HDT remarkably increased ABA levels but reduced GA levels by regulating gene expressions and metabolic enzyme activities during early imbibitions. Cumulatively, the seed drying effect on sunflower seed vigor deterioration during the storage process may be strongly related to fatty acid oxidation and hydrolysis metabolism, toxic substance accumulation, and ABA/GA balance.

scholarly journals Assessment of Quality of Shea Butter Sourced from Organic and Inorganic Fields

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2042
Author(s):  
Musah B Bawah ◽  
A K Afoko ◽  
A K Quainoo ◽  
A F Chamisah ◽  
Abudu Ballu Duwiejuah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaponifiable Matter ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Shea Butter ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The objective of the study was to compare selected physical and chemical composition of shea butter processed from nut sourced from inorganic and organic fields. The treatments were O (shea butter processed from nut picked from organic fields) and N (shea butter processed from nuts picked from inorganic fields). These treatments were arranged in a Complete Randomized Design and were replicated four times in the laboratory for studies of free fatty acids (FFA), pH, peroxide value, insoluble impurities, unsaponifiable matter, and moisture content. The study revealed that organic shea butter had lower free fatty acids (FFA), lower moisture content, lower pH, less unsaponifiable matter, less insoluble impurities and lower peroxide value as compared to inorganic shea butter shea butter. The lower FFA value of organic shea butter indicates that it can be used for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry and for direct consumption. Hence higher chances that organic shea butter and attract premium prices in both local and international markets. The study also revealed that there was a positive relationship between; unsaponifiable matter and moisture content. Insoluble impurities had a very strong correlation with unsaponifiable matter and moisture content. A very strong positive correlation was observed between peroxide value and unsaponifiable matter, moisture content, and insoluble impurities. For good quality butter, nuts should be sourced from organic fields.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val) Untuk Memurnikan Minyak Jelantah

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Muhammad Silmi Hi Abubakar ◽  
Siti Nuryanti ◽  
Suherman Suherman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Before And After

Study on the purification and quality test of used cooking oil with turmeric has been done. This study aims to determine the quality of cooking oil after purified turmeric. The quality parameters of oil studied were the moisture content, free fatty acids (FFA), and peroxide. The methods used for determination of these parameters were gravimetry for moisture content, acid-base titration for free fatty acids, and iodometric for peroxide. The test results for water from 0.6% to 0.4% free fatty acid from 1.2% to 0.2%, and peroxide levels before and after purification were successively from and 6 meq/g to 4 meq/g, respectively. Only free fatty acids of all three parameters met the requirement of SNI.

scholarly journals Fungal Growth on Coated Wood Exposed Outdoors: Influence of Coating Pigmentation, Cardinal Direction, and Inclination of Wood Surfaces

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Podgorski ◽  
Céline Reynaud ◽  
Mathilde Montibus
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Coating System ◽  
Cardinal Direction ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Clear Coating ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
One Year ◽  
Wood Surfaces

Four coating systems were exposed for one year outdoors at 45° south. They consisted of solventborne (alkyd based) and waterborne (acrylic based) systems in both clear and pigmented versions. Fungal growth visually assessed was compared to fungal enumeration, and the influence of exposure time on the main fungal species was studied. Results clearly showed that fungal growth was lower on the pigmented coating systems compared with their pigment-free versions. Although the clear solventborne coating included a higher amount of biocide, it was more susceptible to blue stain than the pigmented version. A new multifaceted exposure rig (MFER) also contributed to the study of fungal growth. It allowed samples to be exposed with nine different exposure directions and angles. Exposure using this MFER has shown that the worst cases (highest area and intensity of blue stain fungi) were for samples with the clear coating system exposed to north 45° and at the top of the MFER (horizontal surfaces). For any cardinal direction, all surfaces inclined at 45° displayed more blue stain fungi than vertical surfaces, due to a higher moisture content of the panels. Depending on the cardinal direction and the orientation, some surfaces were free of visible cracking, but colonized by fungi. It was concluded that the growth of blue stain fungi was not linked with cracking development.

Modeling the Fracture Resistance of Sunflower Seed and Its Kernel as a Function of Moisture Content, Variety, Size and Loading Orientation

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Khodabakhshian ◽  
Bagher Emadi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Abbaspour Fard ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Saiedirad
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Rupture Force ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Horizontal Orientation ◽  
Opposite Trend

The aim of this work was to develop a mathematical model describing the evolution of rupture force, absorbed energy and deformation at rupture point. The models exploit the theory of the mechanical behavior of sunflower seeds and its kernel with moisture content, variety, size and loading orientation. The proposed models have been tested on three common Iranian varieties of sunflower seeds and their kernels namely Azargol, Shahroodi and Fandoghi. The results showed that rupture forces for both sunflower seed and kernel decreased with increasing moisture content, while in both loading orientations and for all varieties and size categories, the absorbed energy and deformation at rupture point increased as moisture content increased. The required compressive forces in both orientations, to initiate sunflower seed hulls rupture were higher (30.06 – 117.46 N) than those required to rupture the kernels (11.64 – 39.98 N). The seeds required lower dehulling compressive force when loaded under horizontal orientation than vertical orientation. However, an opposite trend was observed for the kernels. The deformation of kernels was substantially higher (1.92 – 2.90 mm) than the seeds (0.47 – 1.66 mm) for all variables.

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