Previous legumes and N fertilizer effects on mineral concentration and uptake by forage corn

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Théophile Paré ◽  
François P. Chalifour ◽  
Josée Bourassa ◽  
Hani Antoun
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
N Application ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
The Impact

The beneficial effects of legumes grown in rotation with cereal crops can, in part, be attributed to soil N increments through the fixation of atmospheric N2 and conservation of soil N. Other rotation effects have been suspected, but have not all been characterized. The objectives of the present study were to determine the impact of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) on the mineral composition and uptake of a subsequent forage-corn (Zea mays L.) crop. Field experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1988 on a Rivière-du-Loup gravelly sandy loam (Ferro Humic Podzol) at St-Anselme and on a Chaloupe silty loam (Orthic Humic Gleysol) at Deschambault in eastern Quebec. In continuous cropping or following soybean Maple Amber or faba bean Outlook, N rates applied to corn Pioneer 3979 were 0, 50, 100 or 150 kg N ha−1. In 1987, generally, the corn mineral composition and uptake were not significantly affected by N treatments. Soil mineral concentrations were measured in spring 1988 at both sites, but only a few differences were observed among treatments. In 1988, at St-Anselme, the K concentration of stover and whole plants increased following legumes at all N levels applied, but decreased at Deschambault as the N level increased up to 100 kg N ha−1 for all previous crops. At St-Anselme, the Ca uptake of the corn stover following faba bean was higher than that following corn. At the same location, the K uptake by stover was higher following legumes than following corn. The Mg uptake by subsequent corn at St-Anselme was higher following faba bean than following corn and soybean, while at Deschambault, it generally increased with N application following all previous crops. At both sites, the stover and the whole-plant P uptake varied with N application that also affected Fe and Mn concentrations and uptake. Key words: Forage corn, faba bean, soybean, N fertilizer, mineral concentration and uptake

Forage-corn production and N-fertilizer replacement values following 1 or 2 years of legumes

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Théophile Paré ◽  
François P. Chalifour ◽  
Josée Bourassa ◽  
Hani Antoun
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
N Application ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Crop Sequence

The costs of N fertilizer and concern for sustainable agriculture have led to renewed interest in the use of legumes as a source of N for succeeding non-legume crops. In this regard, field experiments were conducted in 1987,1988 and 1989 on a Rivière-du-Loup sandy gravelly loam (Ferro-Humic Podzol) at St-Anselme and on a Chaloupe silty loam (Orthic Humic Gleysol) at Deschambault in eastern Quebec, Canada, to determine the effects of 1 or 2 years of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Outlook and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Maple Amber on subsequent forage-corn (Zea mays L.) Pioneer 3979 dry matter yields (DMY) and N uptake, and the N-fertilizer replacement values (NFRV) of the different crop sequences. Corn in monoculture or following a legume was fertilized with 0, 50, 100 or 150 kg N ha−1, and legumes received 20 kg N ha−1 as NH4NO3. In 1989, at both locations, the DMY and N uptake of forage corn in monoculture or following 2 consecutive years of soybean, or subsequent to soybean and faba bean grown 2 years previously, increased linearly with N application. After 2 consecutive years of faba bean, the DMY were not affected by increasing fertilization, but the N uptake generally increased proportionally to N application. The estimated NFRV (on a DMY basis) after 2 consecutive years of faba bean varied from 60 to 125 kg N ha−1 at St-Anselme, and from 100 to 110 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault for the ears and stover, respectively. The NFRV estimated for the same cropping sequence varied from 122 to 129 kg N ha−1 at St-Anselme and from 104 to 131 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault, for the stover and ears, respectively, on the basis of N uptake. For 2 consecutive years of soybean, it averaged 14 kg N ha−1 at St-Anselme and 33 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault, on the basis of the DMY; when based on the N uptake, the NFRV of 2 consecutive years of soybean varied from 14 to 21 kg N ha−1 at St-Anselme and from 0 to 15 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault for the stover and ears, respectively. The average NFRV (based on the DMY) for faba bean grown 2 years previously were 17 kg N ha−1 at St-Anselme but NFRV varied from 0 to 16 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault for stover and ears, respectively; on the basis of N uptake, the NFRV for the same crop sequence averaged 24 kg N ha−1 at St-Anselme, but varied from 0 to 15 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault for the stover and ears, respectively. Key words: Corn, faba bean, soybean, crop sequence, N fertilization

scholarly journals Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization Improve Zinc Biofortification in Grains and Straw of Coarse vs. Fine Rice Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Amanullah ◽  
Inamullah ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽  
Jawaher Alkahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
The Impact

Continuous cropping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) deplete soil fertility and reduce crop productivity as well as zinc (Zn) concentrations in rice grains and straw. Low Zn concentrations in rice grains have a negative impact on human health, while low Zn concertation in rice straw creates a nutritional problem for animals. The current high yielding rice varieties and hybrids remove large quantities of Zn from the soils, lowering the residual concentrations of soil Zn for the subsequent crop (e.g., wheat). Field experiments were conducted on farmers field in Malakand with the objective to evaluate the impact of various combinations of phosphorus (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha−1) and Zn levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 kg ha−1) on biofortification of Zn in grains and straw of rice genotypes [fine (Bamati-385) vs. coarse (Fakhre-e-Malakand and Pukhraj)]. The results revealed that Zn biofortification in rice genotypes increased with the integrated use of both nutrients (P + Zn) when applied at higher rates (80 and 120 kg P ha−1, and 10 and 15 kg Zn ha−1, respectively). The biofortification of Zn in both grains and straw was higher in the coarse than fine rice genotypes (Pukhraj > Fakhre-e-Malakand > Basmati-385). It was concluded from this study that the application of higher P and Zn levels increased Zn contents in rice parts (grains and straw) under the rice-wheat system. We also concluded from this study that Zn concentrations in rice grains and straw are influenced by plant genetic factors and Zn management practices.

The effect of stubble management and N-fertilization practices on the nitrogen economy under intensive rice cropping

Soil Research ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Bacon ◽  
LG Lewin ◽  
JW McGarity ◽  
EH Hoult ◽  
D Alter
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N

The fate of 15N-labelled fertilizer applied to rice (Oryza sativa L) was studied in microplots established within two field experiments comprising a range of stubble levels, stubble management techniques, N application rates and times. The first experiment investigated uptake of soil and fertilizer N in plots where application of 0 or 100 kg N ha-1 to the previous rice crop had produced 11.5 and 16.1 t ha-1 of stubble respectively. The stubble was then treated in one of four ways-burn (no till); burn then cultivated; incorporated in autumn or incorporated at sawing. Microplots within these large plots received 60 kg ha-1 of 5% 15N enriched urea at sowing, just prior to permanent flood (PF), or just after panicle initiation (PI) of the second crop. The second experiment was undertaken within a field in which half of the plots had stubble from the previous three rice crops burned, while the other plots had all stubble incorporated. In the fourth successive rice crop, the two stubble management systems were factorially combined with three N rates (0, 70 or 140 kg N ha-1) and three application times (PF, PI or a 50 : 50 split between PF and PI). Nitrogen uptake and retention in the soil were studied within 15N-labelled microplots established within each of these large plots. Only 4% of the 15N applied at sowing in the first experiment was recovered in the rice crop, while delaying N application to PF or PI increased this to an average of 20% and 44% respectively over the two experiments. The doubling of N application rate doubled fertilizer N uptake and also increased uptake of soil N at maturity by 12 kgN ha-1. Three years of stubble incorporation increased average uptake of fertilizer and soil N in the second experiment by 5 and 12 kg N ha-1 respectively. In both experiments, the soil was the major source of N, contributing 66-96% of total N uptake. On average, in the fourth crop, 20% of fertilizer N was in the grain, 12% in the straw and 3% in the roots, while 23% was located in the top 300 mm of soil. A further 3% was in the soil below 300 mm. The remaining 39% was lost, presumably by denitrification.

Utilisation de l'engrais azoté marqué au 15N par le maïs selon les modes d'application et les doses d'azote

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Sen Tran ◽  
Marcel Giroux ◽  
Michel P. Cescas
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Split Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
N Rates

The main objective of this study was to compare the recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer by different methods of N application and N rates. Field experiments were carried out for 3 yr at Saint-Hyacinthe (Saint-Damase, Du Contour, Sainte-Rosalie soils) and at Saint-Lambert, Lévis (Le Bras soil). Grain corn (cv. Pride K228, 2700 CHU) and silage corn (cv. Hyland 3251, 2300 CHU) were grown at Saint-Hyacinthe and Saint-Lambert, respectively. In 1988 and 1989, field trials were arranged in a randomized complete bloc design consisting of five treatments in three replications: control 0 N and four split application methods of N fertilizer. Labelled 15NH4 15NO3 fertilizer was applied either banded at planting as starter (D), broadcast and incorporated before planting (Vs) or sidedressing between rows at V6 to V8 stages of corn (Bp). In 1990 field trials, treatments consisted of four N rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha−1) labelled with 15NH4 15NO3. The effect of N rates on yield and N uptake by corn was significant in all years. However, the effect of application methods was significant only on the soil Du Contour in 1989 where corn grain yield was highest when N fertilizer was split as starter and sidedress band. The CUR of N fertilizer applied broadcast before planting (42 to 48%) was generally lower than sidedressing band application (43 to 54%). N fertilizer recovery in the starter showed also high CUR values (45 to 60%). Consequently, it is recommended to split N fertilizers and apply in band to increase efficiency for grain corn. The CUR values decreased with N rates only in Le Bras soil in 1990. Residual N fertilizer increased from 27 to 103 kg N ha−1 for 60 and 180 kg N ha−1 rates, respectively. Consequently, the environmental impact of N fertilization may increased with high N rate. Key words: Grain corn, silage corn, 15N recovery, fertilizer N split application

scholarly journals Legume-rhizobium specificity effect on nodulation, biomass production and partitioning of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayou Bunkura Allito ◽  
Nana Ewusi-Mensah ◽  
Vincent Logah ◽  
Demelash Kefale Hunegnaw
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Rhizobium Strains

AbstractGreenhouse and multi-location experiments were conducted for two consecutive years to investigate the effects of rhizobium on nodulation, biomass production and partitioning of faba bean. Split-plot in randomized complete block design was used for field experiments. Treatments consisted of six rhizobium strains and three faba bean varieties. Peat carrier-based inoculant of each strain was applied at the rate of 10 g kg−1 seed. Non-inoculated plants without N fertilizer and with N fertilizer served as –N and + N controls, respectively. Data on nodulation, shoot dry weight and root dry weight were collected and analyzed. Inoculation of rhizobium significantly increased nodulation of faba bean under greenhouse and field conditions. Location x strain x variety interaction had significant effects on nodulation, dry matter production and partitioning. Rhizobium inoculation increased nodulation, shoot and root dry weights of faba bean across locations. For example, inoculation with rhizobium strains NSFBR-15 and NSFBR-12 to variety Moti resulted in 206.9 and 99.3% shoot dry weight increase at Abala Gase and Hankomolicha, respectively and 133.3 and 70.7% root dry weight increase on the same variety at the same sites, respectively. Nodulation and biomass production depend on the compatibility between faba bean genotype and rhizobium strain and its interaction with soil bio-physical conditions.

scholarly journals Impact of maize growth on N2O emission from farmland soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
Guoqing Chen ◽  
Xiaoyu Liu ◽  
Lan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Farmland Soil ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plot Design

Crop growth is a key factor that effects nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emission in farmland soil. Clarification and quantification of the impact of maize growth on N<sub>2</sub>O emission are important to guide maize planting and patterns, which is also useful for building model to simulate N<sub>2</sub>O emission in an agroecosystem. In this study, we carried out a three-year (2013–2015) field experiment to evaluate the contribution of maize growth on N<sub>2</sub>O emission using a split-plot design. The factors included planting versus not planting maize, and four rates of nitrogen (N) application (0, 150, 300, 450 kg N/ha). Our results showed the impacts of maize growth on N<sub>2</sub>O emission decreased linearly with the growth of maize from the 43<sup>rd</sup> day after sowing (y = –1.07x + 26.85, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.95). Nitrogen fertilizer application can reduce the impacts of maize growth on N<sub>2</sub>O emission. The impact of maize growth on soil NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N are similar to N<sub>2</sub>O emission, and they have a strong correlation. We concluded that maize growth reduces soil N<sub>2</sub>O emission but N application can exert an antagonistic effect, and the impact of maize growth on soil NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N largely determines the impacts of maize growth on N<sub>2</sub>O emission.

Residual effects of faba bean and soybean for a second or third succeeding forage-corn production

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Théophile Paré ◽  
François P. Chalifour ◽  
Josée Bourassa ◽  
Hani Antoun
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
N Application ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Silty Loam

Many studies have been conducted on the effects of annual legumes on subsequent corn production but they rarely extended beyond a second succeeding crop. We have therefore conducted field experiments on a sandy gravelly loam at St-Anselme and on a silty loam at Deschambault in eastern Quebec to determine the residual effects of (i) faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) on a third succeeding corn (Zea mays L.) crop and (ii) 2 consecutive years of these legumes on a second subsequent corn crop. In monoculture or following legumes, corn was fertilized with 0, 50, 100 or 150 kg N ha−1 as NH4NO3. The corn stover and whole-plant dry matter yields (DMY), and the ear and whole-plant N uptake were higher following faba bean grown 3 years earlier than in monoculture at both locations. At Deschambault, the stover DMY of second subsequent corn following 2 consecutive years of faba bean did not vary with the N application. At both locations, the DMY, N concentrations and N uptake of second subsequent corn were higher after 2 consecutive years of faba bean than after other previous crop sequences. Two consecutive years of soybean had significant effects on the DMY and N uptake of a second subsequent corn crop with N application at Deschambault. At both locations, the N-fertilizer replacement values (NFRV) of soybean were lower or equal to 0 kg N ha−1. The NFRV (DMY and N uptake bases) of faba bean grown three years earlier and of 2 consecutive years of this pulse varied widely between locations. Key words: Corn, faba bean, soybean, residual N, crop sequence, rotation effects

Differences in mineral concentration among diploid and tetraploid cultivars of rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana)

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Jones ◽  
DS Loch ◽  
RP LeFeuvre
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Chloris Gayana

Mineral composition of a range of rhodesgrass cultivars was measured to assess if levels were suitable for cattle growth. Leafy regrowth of 11 rhodesgrass cultivars and lines was analysed for a range of elements in 2 replicated field experiments near Gympie in southern Queensland. Experiment 1 comprised 2 diploid and 2 tetraploid cultivars, while 7 diploids and 3 tetraploids were compared in experiment 2.Overall, the tetraploids had higher nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations but lower sodium (Na) and boron (B) concentrations than the diploids. Concentrations of potassium (P), copper (Cu) and aluminium (Al) for the 2 groups were similar and showed no significant cultivar differences. Results for sulfur (S), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) varied between experiments, either with no significant ploidy and cultivar differences or with higher concentrations in the tetraploids (S in experiment 2, Zn in experiment 1). The tetraploids had significantly higher concentrations of Mn in experiment 2. The Na concentration found in cultivar Boma was lower (0.02%) than the other cultivars in experiment 2. Similarly, cultivar Samford in experiment 1 had a lower Na concentration than the other 3 cultivars. Both Boma and Samford, however, had the highest Mg concentrations in their respective experiments. K/(Ca+ Mg) equivalent ratios in the 2 experiments were in the range 0.40-1.50. This is well below the accepted critical value of 2.2 above which grass tetany in ruminants could become a problem.

Controlled-release urea for winter wheat in southern Alberta

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H McKenzie ◽  
E. Bremer ◽  
A B Middleton ◽  
P G Pfiffner ◽  
R E Dowbenko
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Controlled Release Urea

The recent development of low-cost controlled-release urea (CRU) may provide additional options for N fertilization of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two field experiments were conducted over 3 yr at three locations in southern Alberta to evaluate different options of applying CRU to winter wheat. In the first experiment, three N fertilizers (20-day CRU, 40-day CRU and urea) were seed-placed and side-banded at the time of seeding at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1. Stand densities were substantially reduced by seedrow application of urea at rates greater than 30 kg N ha-1, but were unaffected by seedrow application of CRU, even at the highest rate of N application. When N fertilizer was sidebanded, stand densities were unaffected by fertilizer type or N rate. Yield gains due to N application were reduced by application of high rates of seed-placed urea, but similar for other treatments. Grain protein concentration and N uptake were also similar for CRU and seed-placed urea. In the second experiment, three N fertilizers (CRU, urea and ammonium nitrate) were broadcast at 30 kg N ha-1 in early spring on plots that had received 0, 30 or 60 kg N ha-1 of CRU at the time of seeding. Inadequate release of spring broadcast CRU was indicated by reduced grain protein concentrations relative to conventional N fertilizers. Under the conditions experienced in our study, CRU substantially increased the maximum safe rate of seed-placed urea, provided minimal benefits to N response relative to side-banded urea, and was less effective than conventional N fertilizers when broadcast in early spring. Key words: N fertilizer use efficiency, slow release, winter survival

Forage corn dry-matter yields and N uptake as affected by previous legumes and N fertilizer

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Théophile Paré ◽  
François-P. Chalifour ◽  
Josée Bourassa ◽  
Hani Antoun
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Whole Plants

Field experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1988 on a Rivière-du-Loup sandy gravelly loam (Ferro-Humic Podzol) at St-Anselme and on a Chaloupe silty loam (Orthic Humic Gleysol) at Deschambault in Eastern Quebec. In monoculture, or following a legume, corn (Zea mays L.) Pioneer 3979 was fertilized with 0, 50, 100 or 150 kg N ha−1, and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Outlook and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Maple Amber received 20 kg N ha−1 as NH4NO3. In 1987, the whole-plant dry-matter yields (DMY) of corn increased linearly with the supply of N at St-Anselme and Deschambault. The stover and whole-plant N uptake, also increased linearly with the N levels at both locations, but the supply of N had no effect on the ear N uptake. In 1988, at St-Anselme and at Deschambault, the ear, stover and whole-plant DMY of plants not receiving N and following faba bean were significantly higher than those in monoculture or following soybean and not fertilized with N; these differences between previous crops were more evident at St-Anselme than at Deschambault. At both locations, the DMY of the stover, ears and whole plants of corn were more responsive to the increased N levels following soybean or corn. At both locations, the N uptake of corn following faba bean did not increase with the N levels in contrast to corn following corn or soybean. The N-fertilizer replacement values (NFRV) for soybean (on the basis of corn DMY) were negligible or lower than 0 kg N ha−1 at both locations. At St-Anselme, the values for faba bean were higher than 150 kg N ha−1, but averaged 32 kg N ha−1 at Deschambault (DMY basis). On the basis of corn N uptake, the NFRV of faba bean ranged from 92 kg N ha−1 for ears and was higher than 150 kg N ha−1 for whole plants at St-Anselme, and varied from 37 kg N ha−1 for stover to 44 kg N ha−1 for ears at Deschambault.Key words: Previous crop, forage corn, soybean, faba bean, N-fertilizer replacement value

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