scholarly journals Fertilizer response of barley grain in south and central Alberta

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
L. Hall ◽  
J. DeMulder ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Available N ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Optimum Rate ◽  
Barley Protein

The rate of N fertilizer application is among the most critical decisions for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain production because of its large impact on grain yield, protein content and input cost. A field study was conducted to determine the optimum rate of N fertilizer for a range of barley cultivars in south and central Alberta. Experiments were conducted at 20 sites over 3 yr (1997 to 1999). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg N ha-1 to 10 cultivars. Grain yields were highest for the two semi-dwarf cultivars (CDC Earl and Kasota) and three of the five general-purpose cultivars (AC Harper, AC Lacombe, Leduc) (high-yielding cultivars) and least for the hulless cultivars (Falcon and Phoenix). Grain yields of the two remaining general-purpose cultivars (CDC Fleet and Seebe) and the malt cultivar (Harrington) were intermediate (medium-yielding cultivars). The economic optimum rate of N fertilizer (NFopt) for high-yielding cultivars was 14 kg N ha-1 higher than for medium-yielding cultivars and 24 kg N ha-1 higher than for hulless cultivars. Maximum grain yields for all cultivars were obtained when the ratio of available N (fertilizer + soil-derived N) to maximum grain yield exceeded ~28 kg N Mg-1. Soil-derived N was highly correlated with both pre-seeding soil NO3-N and growing season precipitation. Protein concentrations were highest for hulless cultivars and least for high-yielding cultivars, and increased linearly with increasing N availability. Barley responses to P, K, S and micronutrients were also tested in this study and showed similar responses to earlier studies. The optimum rate of N fertilizer for barley in this study was obtained when the ratio of available N (fertilizer + soil-derived N) to maximum grain yield was 25 to 30 kg N Mg-1. Key words: Hordeum vulgare, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, malting barley, protein

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VEGETATIVE GROWTH, GRAIN YIELD AND GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT IN SIX WINTER BARLEY CULTIVARS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. GARCIA DEL MORAL ◽  
J. M. RAMOS ◽  
L. RECALDE
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Barley Protein

The relationship between the protein content of grain, plant grain yield and yield components (number of ears per plant, number of grains per ear, and 1000-grain weight) was determined for six cultivars of winter barley, four six-rowed (Hordeum vulgare L.) and two two-rowed (H. distichon L.), grown in Granada (Spain) during 1979, 1980 and 1981. Each cultivar was grown with two levels of nitrogen fertilizer (25 and 40 kg/ha) applied both at seeding and as a top-dressing. Protein content of the grain, grain yield and number of ears per plant varied significantly with genotype, level of nitrogen fertilizer applied at seeding and year. Protein content of the grain was positively correlated with plant grain yield. Both factors were correlated principally with the number of ears per plant, and to a lesser extent with grains per ear and grain weight. The protein content and grain yield depended on the crop dry weight or biomass during the vegetative period (source capacity) which was in turn, related to the leaf area index.Key words: Barley, protein content, grain yield, Hordeum vulgare L., Hordeum distichon L.

scholarly journals Response of early soybean cultivars to nitrogen fertilization associated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Mario Zuffo ◽  
Fábio Steiner ◽  
Aécio Busch ◽  
Tiago Zoz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soybean Cultivars

ABSTRACT In early soybean cultivars of high productive potential, the use of chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer may be a critical factor to meet the crop N requirements for obtaining high yields. In order to determine the response of early soybean cultivars to doses and times of nitrogen fertilizer application, associated with the inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, two field experiments were conducted in a Quartzipsamment soil from the Brazilian tropical Savannah, during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 growing seasons. The experimental treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 × 4 factorial scheme, being two soybean cultivars (BRS 1074 IPRO and ST 797 IPRO), three application times of N fertilizer (sowing, 30 and 50 days after the emergence) and four N doses (0 kg ha-1, 20 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1 and 60 kg ha-1). The following variables were evaluated: plant height, shoot dry matter, number of nodules, nodule dry matter, first pod height, number of pods, number of grains per pod, 1,000-grain mass, grain yield and harvest index. The use of N fertilizer did not improve the production components and did not increase the soybean grain yield, regardless of the doses and times of application. Therefore, it was concluded that, if efficient strains of B. japonicum are used in areas of first soybean crop, in a Quartzipsamment soil with medium-high fertility, especially with a relatively high N availability due to the mineralization of the soil organic matter, there is no need to apply starter or late doses of nitrogen fertilizer.

scholarly journals Upland rice yield enhanced by early nitrogen fertilization on previous palisade grass

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Letusa Momesso ◽  
Carlos A. C. Crusciol ◽  
Rogério P. Soratto ◽  
Katiuça S. Tanaka ◽  
Claudio H. M. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Split Application ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Grain Yields

Abstract High grain yields of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) can be achieved in no-tillage systems. However, managing nitrogen (N) fertilization for rice in succession to forage grasses is a challenge because forage residues change N cycling and increase microbial immobilization of N, thereby reducing N availability to the subsequent cash crop. In the present study, two field experiments were conducted to determine if applying all or part of the N fertilizer on preceding palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha) and ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis) or their desiccated residues immediately before rice seeding can supply N to the subsequent rice crop. Forage biomass yield (8–16 Mg ha− 1), N accumulation, and N supply to the subsequent upland rice were highest when all of the N fertilizer was applied on forage grasses at 50, 40 or 35 days before rice seeding (DBS), as opposed to the conventional split application at rice seeding and at tillering. On average, the grain yield of upland rice was 54% higher in succession to palisade grass compared with ruzigrass. The grain yield of rice was higher when N was applied to palisade grass at 35 DBS and ruzigrass at 50 DBS, reaching 5.0 Mg ha− 1 and 3.7 Mg ha− 1, respectively. However, applying N to ruzigrass was less effective for increasing upland rice yields since the yields did not differ from the treatments with the conventional split application. Adjusting the time of N application to forage grasses to increase the grain yields of subsequent upland rice is a sustainable alternative that can promote the economic viability of upland rice production.

scholarly journals Influence of nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under irrigated conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Moreno ◽  
M.M. Moreno ◽  
F. Ribas ◽  
M.J. Cabello
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sowing Time

A field study was conducted from 1998 to 2000 in Ciudad Real (Spain) to analyze the productive response of thebarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crop to different nitrogen-fertilizer strategies. The effect of N dose and its partitioningbetween sowing-time and top-dressing at tillering state on grain yield and yield components was evaluated, as well asthe contribution of each one of these parameters to the final yield by means of a correlation and regression study, andpath coefficient analysis. The specific climatic conditions of each growing season had a very marked effect on barleycrops, and grain yields and yield components significantly differed every year. No significant differences in yieldwere found between 100 and 150 kg N ha-1 doses, but yield was significantly reduced by applying 200 kg N ha-1. Theevolution of grain yield according to N fertilizer was properly fitted to a quadratic function, with the maximum valuecorresponding to about 120 kg N ha-1. It is not advisable to exceed this dose because this is of no benefit to the plantand implies a risk of environmental contamination. The highest yield was obtained by applying two thirds of the totalN fertilizer at seeding time, whereas a single application of N fertilizer as a top-dressing resulted in a significantreduction in barley grain yield. In these field conditions, grain yield mainly depended on the number of ears per squaremeter, being the 1000-kernel weight the most stable yield component.

Effect of seed rate and application of N fertilizer on grain yield and N uptake of rice under intermediate deepwater conditions (15–50 cm)

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Reddy ◽  
B. C. Ghosh ◽  
M. M. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
Intermediate Deepwater ◽  
Panicle Weight ◽  
Tiller Mortality

SUMMARYIn an intermediate deepwater (15–50 cm) situation, the number of tillers increased with increase of nitrogen fertilizer from 0 to 40 and 80 kg/ha and of seed rate from 100 to 200, 300 and 400 seeds/m2. The tiller mortality due to higher water depth was higher under no-N treatment and under higher seed rates. The number of panicles and grain yield increased significantly with increase in N. Similarly, an increase in the seed rate increased the number of panicles and decreased the number of grains per panicle and panicle weight. The grain yields of the different seed rates were similar. The interaction between N levels and seed rates was not significant.

Results from factorial experiments testing amounts and times of granular N-fertilizer, late sprays of liquid N-fertilizer and fungicides to control mildew and brown rust on two varieties of spring barley at Saxmundham, Suffolk 1975–8

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Widdowson ◽  
J. F. Jenkyn ◽  
A. Penny
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Factorial Combination ◽  
Average Rainfall

SUMMARYExperiments with spring barley at Saxmundham, in each year from 1975 to 1978, compared two varieties (Julia v Wing), two amounts of granular N-fertilizer (50 v 100kg N/ha) and two times of applying it (seed bed v top-dressing), a liquid N-fertilizer spray (0 v 50 kg N/ha), mildew fungicides (with and without) and a rust fungicide (with and without), in factorial combination (26).Leaf diseases were assessed and grain weighed and analysed for % N each year. Thousand-grain weights were measured in 1977 and 1978.Yields were small in 1975 and 1976 because little rain fell in summer, but larger in 1977 and 1978, years with average rainfall.Mildew was most severe in 1975 and least in 1978, brown rust most severe in 1975 and 1978 and practically absent in 1976. Granular N-fertilizer was best applied to the seed bed in all years, whether or not leaf diseases were controlled. Late sprays of liquid N-fertilizer increased yield less than equivalent amounts of seed-bed N, but increased % N in grain more. However, because they also decreased grain size, less of the N applied as a liquid was recovered by grain than was recovered from granules given earlier. The mildew fungicides increased yields by ca. 0·25 t/ha in 1975 and 1977, but decreased them in 1976. They had little or no effect on % N in grain, but increased grain size in 1977. The rust fungicide, benodanil, increased grain yields each year and especially in 1978 (0·37 t/ha). It had no effect on grain % N, but consistently increased grain size and so enhanced grain yield and N uptake.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Availability in Pecan Orchard Soil: Implications for Pecan Fertilizer Management

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1294-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lenny Wells
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
Available N ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Soil N Dynamics

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer application to plants at rates not adjusted for the N contribution from soil N availability may result in overapplication of fertilizer. Further understanding of proper timing of N applications based on soil N dynamics and plant demand can be valuable information for the efficient use of fertilizer N. The present study measures soil N dynamics in a pecan orchard under various N fertilizer regimes on a southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain soil. The following treatments were evaluated: 1) crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.); 2) poultry litter; 3) crimson clover + poultry litter; 4) ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3); and 5) untreated control. Crimson clover provided from 20 to 75 kg·ha−1 N over the course of the two growing seasons; however, most of the available N from crimson clover became available late in the growing season. As a result, supplemental N may be required in spring where crimson clover is used as an orchard cover crop. Poultry litter, with and without clover, provided available N consistently throughout the growing season with more N becoming available later in the season than earlier. This suggests that poultry litter applications for pecan should be timed before budbreak. Under optimum environmental conditions, N from NH4NO3 is most available within the first 30 days of application. Thus, it appears that synthetic fertilizer applications using NH4NO3 as the N source should be targeted at or 2 to 3 weeks after pecan budbreak.

scholarly journals TaLAMP1 Plays Key Roles in Plant Architecture and Yield Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer in Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Shi ◽  
Yiping Tong
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Spike Number

Understanding the molecular mechanisms in wheat response to nitrogen (N) fertilizer will help us to breed wheat varieties with improved yield and N use efficiency. Here, we cloned TaLAMP1-3A, -3B, and -3D, which were upregulated in roots and shoots of wheat by low N availability. In a hydroponic culture, lateral root length and N uptake were decreased in both overexpression and knockdown of TaLAMP1 at the seedling stage. In the field experiment with normal N supply, the grain yield of overexpression of TaLAMP1-3B is significantly reduced (14.5%), and the knockdown of TaLAMP1 was significantly reduced (15.5%). The grain number per spike of overexpression of TaLAMP1-3B was significantly increased (7.2%), but the spike number was significantly reduced (19.2%) compared with wild type (WT), although the grain number per spike of knockdown of TaLAMP1 was significantly decreased (15.3%), with no difference in the spike number compared with WT. Combined with the agronomic data from the field experiment of normal N and low N, both overexpression and knockdown of TaLAMP1 inhibited yield response to N fertilizer. Overexpressing TaLAMP1-3B greatly increased grain N concentration with no significant detrimental effect on grain yield under low N conditions; TaLAMP1-3 B is therefore valuable in engineering wheat for low input agriculture. These results suggested that TaLAMP1 is critical for wheat adaptation to N availability and in shaping plant architecture by regulating spike number per plant and grain number per spike. Optimizing TaLAMP1 expression may facilitate wheat breeding with improved yield, grain N concentration, and yield responses to N fertilizer.

scholarly journals Nitrogen availability effects on gas exchange measurements in field-grown maize (Zea mays L.) under irrigated Mediterranean conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Isla ◽  
Mónica Guillén ◽  
Montserrat Salmerón
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Leaf N

There are limited studies about the effect of nitrogen (N) deficiency on leaf growth, N status, and photosynthetic capacity of maize grown under field conditions in a Mediterranean climate. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different levels of mineral N availability on leaf gas exchange parameters of sprinkler irrigated maize. The experiment was conducted in a conventional maize field located in the central part of the Ebro valley (Spain) during two seasons. Using a portable LICOR-6400 equipment, instantaneous measurements and light response curves to gas exchange were conducted in plots with different levels of N supply ranging from deficient (no fertilized) to over-fertilized (300 kg N/ha). In addition to gas exchange measurements, mineral soil N content, chlorophyll meter readings (CMR), leaf N content, and grain yield were measured in the different plots. Results showed that grain yield reached a plateau (14.5 Mg/ha) when the mineral N available was about 179 kg/ha. CMR were linearly and highly related to total N in ear leaves. The relationship between light-saturated leaf photosynthesis measurements and CMR was significant but very weak (R2=0.13) at V8 and V14 stages but increased later in the growing season (R2=0.52). Plants with intermediate levels of N supply (48<CMR<54) tended to have slightly higher assimilation rates than plants with higher CMR readings. As the available N increased, the saturation point, the light compensation point and significant increases of dark respiration rate were observed. Under the conditions of the study, leaf N contents of 1.9% in the ear leaf were enough to maximize leaf assimilation rates with no need to over-fertilize the maize crop.

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