Recovery of chemical and physical properties of boreal plain soils impacted by pipeline burial

Pipeline construction on the Canadian boreal plain occurs on woodland and/or agricultural fields, but soil recovery from its impact is not well documented. Therefore, we quantified changes over 3 yr (1992 to 1994) in the chemical properties of two Grey soils and the physical properties of a Grey soil that were subjected to pipeline burial and cropped to barley. The pipeline right-of-way (RoW) was divided into three zones: a road (or work) area used for vehicular traffic, a trench area for burying pipeline, and a pile (or spoil) area where soil was stockpiled during excavation. Pipeline construction resulted in mixing of subsoil material with topsoil, and the chemical properties most affected were those that varied most with depth. The pH, electrical conductivity, soluble sulphate, and exchangeable Ca and Na were increased in the surface 20 cm of soil, particularly the road and trench areas. The affected properties moderated 2 or 3 yr after pipeline construction as soluble components were dissolved or dispersed and translocated back to lower soil depths. The RoW zones had increased soil strength and compaction, and reduced water retention and infiltration rates. However, the deterioration in soil physical condition was similar across the RoW zones, indicating that it was due mainly to land clearing, a requirement to convert woodland to agricultural land. Improvement in bulk density, and water infiltration and retention in 1993 and 1994 indicated that the RoW was undergoing rehabilitation with time as a result of natural processes and annual cropping. Key words: Chemical properties, exchangeable cations, sulphate, physical properties, soil-water, pipelines

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Corrigenda - The effects of minimum cultivation after three years on some physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth at Forbes, NSW.

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9910263c ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 263 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

PP Cavanagh ◽

AJ Koppi ◽

AB Mcbratney

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Electrolytic Conductivity ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Reducing cultivation may improve many soil physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth. A trial was set up in 1986 on a red-brown earth near Forbes, N.S.W., comparing direct-drilling and conventional-cultivation crop establishment techniques. The surface soil (0-100 mm) was sampled at the end of the third year and assessed for macropore structure, infiltration characteristics, bulk density, pH, electrolytic conductivity, organic carbon and total nitrogen content. Cultivation degraded some desirable soil physical properties as indicated by data obtained from image analysis and infiltration. Bulk density did not mirror differences in macroporosity. Organic carbon, total nitrogen and electrolytic conductivity levels were higher in direct-drilled soil in comparison to conventionally tilled soil. It ib concluded that the improvement of soil chemical and physical properties afforded by a reduction in tillage would lead to an increase in soil water infiltration rate and storage.

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The effects of minimum cultivation after three years on some physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth at Forbes, NSW.

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9910263 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 263

Author(s):

PP Cavanagh ◽

AJ Koppi ◽

AB Mcbratney

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Electrolytic Conductivity ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

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KARAKTERISASI SIFAT FISIKA DAN KIMIA CUKA KAYU DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT

Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan ◽

10.24111/jrihh.v6i1.1223 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rizka Karima

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Ph Value ◽

Total Yield ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Phenol Content ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Wood Vinegar ◽

And Chemical Properties

There’s so many pal solid waste or palm empty fruit bunches, but the utilization is not maximized, this research its to optimized utilization of palm solid waste to be wood vinegar and want to know the composition physical properties and chemical properties of wood vinegar from palm empty fruit bunches. Total yield of wood vinegar from palm empty fruit bunches its 15,94 % and total yield of charcoal its 64,58 %. GCMS result showing chemical properties from wood vinegar of burning < 100oC its obtained 19 compound and burning >100 oC its obtained 6 compound. The result physichal properties testing from crued wood vinegar its obtained specific gravity 1,0005 and 1,0010, pH value are 3,233 and 3,186, TAT content are 9,36 % and 11,12 %, phenol content its 0,44 %. The result physical properties testing from wood vinegar which has decolorizatin by activated carbon its obtained specific gravity are 0,9987 and 0,999, pH value are 3,036 and 3,012, TAT content are 8,29 % and 9,27 % and phenol content its 0,01 %.Keywords: palm bunches, wood vinegar, liquid smoke

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Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy Environment and Ecology ◽

10.24321/2455.3093.202006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 07 (02) ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Amita M Watkar ◽

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Quality ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Attributes ◽

Essential Components ◽

Agricultural Land Management ◽

Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

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Chemical and Physical Properties of Some Hazelnut Varieties Grown in Portugal

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081476 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1476

Author(s):

Ana Cristina Ferrão ◽

Raquel P. F. Guiné ◽

Elsa Ramalhosa ◽

Arminda Lopes ◽

Cláudia Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Water Activity ◽

Induction Time ◽

Oxidation Stability ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Hazelnuts are one of the most appreciated nuts worldwide due to their unique organoleptic and nutritional characteristics. The present work intended to analyse several physical and chemical properties of different hazelnut varieties grown in Portugal, namely Tonda de Giffoni, Grada de Viseu, Segorbe, Longa de Espanha, Butler, Gunslebert, and Negreta. In general, the results revealed statistically significant differences between the varieties under study. The Gunslebert had more elongated hazelnuts and with heavier shelled fruits, while the kernels of the Grada de Viseu revealed to be heavier. Grada de Viseu was harder in the shell, Gunslebert had a harder core, and Segorbe was more resistant to fracture. Fat was the more representative component for all varieties and in some cases the values of moisture and water activity were over the recommended amount (≥0.62). Tonda de Giffoni was the variety with the highest induction time, indicating the highest oxidation stability. Moreover, discriminant analysis revealed that the variables more important to distinguish the varieties were protein (λ = 0.007) and water activity (λ = 0.010). The results of this study help to better understand the differences between some hazelnut varieties that are cultivated in Portugal, which gives important hints for all players in the hazelnut sector.

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Physico-Chemical Investigation of Endodontic Sealers Exposed to Simulated Intracanal Heat Application: Hydraulic Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14040728 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 728

Author(s):

David Donnermeyer ◽

Magdalena Ibing ◽

Sebastian Bürklein ◽

Iris Weber ◽

Maximilian P. Reitze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Thermal Treatment ◽

Film Thickness ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Calcium Silicate ◽

Setting Time ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Chemical Changes ◽

Time Flow ◽

Heat Application

The aim of this study was to gain information about the effect of thermal treatment of calcium silicate-based sealers. BioRoot RCS (BR), Total Fill BC Sealer (TFBC), and Total Fill BC Sealer HiFlow (TFHF) were exposed to thermal treatment at 37 °C, 47 °C, 57 °C, 67 °C, 77 °C, 87 °C and 97 °C for 30 s. Heat treatment at 97 °C was performed for 60 and 180 s to simulate inappropriate application of warm obturation techniques. Thereafter, specimens were cooled to 37 °C and physical properties (setting time/flow/film thickness according to ISO 6876) were evaluated. Chemical properties (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) were assessed after incubation of the specimens in an incubator at 37 °C and 100% humidity for 8 weeks. Statistical analysis of physical properties was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis-Test (P = 0.05). The setting time, flow, and film thickness of TFBC and TFHF were not relevantly influenced by thermal treatment. Setting time of BR decreased slightly when temperature of heat application increased from 37 °C to 77 °C (P < 0.05). Further heat treatment of BR above 77 °C led to an immediate setting. FT-IR spectroscopy did not reveal any chemical changes for either sealers. Thermal treatment did not lead to any substantial chemical changes at all temperature levels, while physical properties of BR were compromised by heating. TFBC and TFHF can be considered suitable for warm obturation techniques.

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Effect of Mosses on physical and chemical properties of soil in temperate forests of Garhwal Himalayas

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467421000249 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Anshu Siwach ◽

Siddhartha Kaushal ◽

Ratul Baishya

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

High Rate ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Garhwal Himalayas ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Abstract Mosses are one of the most important and dominant plant communities, especially in the temperate biome, and play a significant role in ecosystem function and dynamics. They influence the water, energy and element cycle due to their unique ecology and physiology. The present study was undertaken in three different temperate forest sites in the Garhwal Himalayas, viz., Triyuginarayan (Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS)), Chakrata, and Kanasar forest range. The study was focused on understanding the influence of mosses on soil physical properties and nutrient availability. Different physico-chemical properties were analysed under two different substrata, that is, with and without moss cover in two different seasons, viz., monsoon and winter. We observed mosses to influence and alter the physical properties and nutrient status of soil in both seasons. All soil physical and chemical properties, except magnesium, showed significant difference within the substrates, among all the sites and across the two seasons. Besides the soil characteristics underneath the moss vegetation, the study also highlights the diversity of mosses found in the area. Mosses appear to create high nutrient microsites via a high rate of organic matter accumulation and retain nutrients for longer periods thus, maintaining ecosystem stability.

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Shifts in soil and plant functional diversity along an altitudinal gradient in the French Alps

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05468-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alexia Stokes ◽

Guillermo Angeles ◽

Fabien Anthelme ◽

Eduardo Aranda-Delgado ◽

Isabelle Barois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Community ◽

Functional Diversity ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Biophysical Properties ◽

Tropical Zone ◽

Soil Microbial

Abstract Objectives Altitude integrates changes in environmental conditions that determine shifts in vegetation, including temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and edaphogenetic processes. In turn, vegetation alters soil biophysical properties through litter input, root growth, microbial and macrofaunal interactions. The belowground traits of plant communities modify soil processes in different ways, but it is not known how root traits influence soil biota at the community level. We collected data to investigate how elevation affects belowground community traits and soil microbial and faunal communities. This dataset comprises data from a temperate climate in France and a twin study was performed in a tropical zone in Mexico. Data description The paper describes soil physical and chemical properties, climatic variables, plant community composition and species abundance, plant community traits, soil microbial functional diversity and macrofaunal abundance and diversity. Data are provided for six elevations (1400–2400 m) ranging from montane forest to alpine prairie. We focused on soil biophysical properties beneath three dominant plant species that structure local vegetation. These data are useful for understanding how shifts in vegetation communities affect belowground processes, such as water infiltration, soil aggregation and carbon storage. Data will also help researchers understand how plant communities adjust to a changing climate/environment.

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Physicochemical Characteristics of Arginine Enriched NaF Varnish: An In Vitro Study

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12122998 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 2998

Author(s):

Mohammed Nadeem Bijle ◽

Manikandan Ekambaram ◽

Edward Lo ◽

Cynthia Yiu

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Stable Matrix

The in vitro study objectives were to investigate the effect of arginine (Arg) incorporation in a 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish on its physical and chemical properties including F/Arg release. Six experimental formulations were prepared with L-arginine (L-Arg) and L-arginine monohydrochloride at 2%, 4%, and 8% w/v in a 5% NaF varnish, which served as a control. The varnishes were subjected to assessments for adhesion, viscosity, and NaF extraction. Molecular dynamics were simulated to identify post-dynamics total energy for NaF=Arg/Arg>NaF/Arg<NaF concentrations. The Arg/F varnish release profiles were determined in polyacrylic lactate buffer (pH-4.5; 7 days) and artificial saliva (pH-7; 1 h, 24 h, and 12 weeks). Incorporation of L-Arg in NaF varnish significantly influences physical properties ameliorating retention (p < 0.001). L-Arg in NaF varnish institutes the Arg-F complex. Molecular dynamics suggests that NaF>Arg concentration denotes the stabilized environment compared to NaF<Arg (p < 0.001). The 2% Arg-NaF exhibits periodic perennial Arg/F release and shows significantly higher integrated mean F release than NaF (p < 0.001). Incorporating 2% L-arginine in 5% NaF varnish improves its physical properties and renders a stable matrix with enduring higher F/Arg release than control.

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Linseed Oil Paint as Ionomer: Synthesis and Characterization

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-852-oo3.2 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 852 ◽

Author(s):

Charles S. Tumosa ◽

David Erhardt ◽

Marion F. Mecklenburg ◽

Xingfang Su

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Polymer Chain ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

High Susceptibility ◽

Low Strength ◽

Produce Acid

ABSTRACTAs linseed oil ages, hydrolysis and oxidation produce acid groups on the polymer chain that may lead to ionomeric behavior. The effect of these changes is difficult to determine in old paints because of the lack of records of environmental and treatment histories that can alter the physical properties significantly. A series of paints were made that have chemical properties similar to those of aged paints and that mimic old paints. Their properties seem to show flexibility as well as coherency but low strength and a high susceptibility to solvents.

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