The development of chronic diseases and therapeutic concepts from a complex systems point of view

2018 ◽  
Vol 03 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansotto Reiber
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Therapeutic Concepts

Modularity in Artificial Neural Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 1095-1101
Author(s):  
Ricardo Téllez ◽  
Cecilio Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Points Of View

The concept of modularity is a main concern for the generation of artificially intelligent systems. Modularity is an ubiquitous organization principle found everywhere in natural and artificial complex systems (Callebaut, 2005). Evidences from biological and philosophical points of view (Caelli and Wen, 1999) (Fodor, 1983), indicate that modularity is a requisite for complex intelligent behaviour. Besides, from an engineering point of view, modularity seems to be the only way for the construction of complex structures. Hence, whether complex neural programs for complex agents are desired, modularity is required. This article introduces the concepts of modularity and module from a computational point of view, and how they apply to the generation of neural programs based on modules. Two levels, strategic and tactical, at which modularity can be implemented, are identified. How they work and how they can be combined for the generation of a completely modular controller for a neural network based agent is presented.

Cities as Complex Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Antonio Opromolla ◽  
Valentina Volpi
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Human Aspects ◽  
The People ◽  
Hybrid Spaces

Cities can be considered as “complex systems,” since they are characterized by multiple connected elements and by relations among them that are not always recognizable. The massive presence of digital technologies in urban spaces that transform them into “hybrid” spaces makes cities even more complex. This article shows some of the challenges that arise in this new context (e.g., rethinking the people experience in the urban spaces; developing new “urban competences” using in an effective way the large amount of produced data; focusing on the human aspects rather than the technological ones; thinking of sustainable solutions from the environmental, social, and economic point of view; etc.), and it proposes the application of collaborative design frameworks that can offer specific tools and methodologies to face them.

Complex Systems Study as Biology

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Oono
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Point Of View

If we pay serious and conscientious attention to the connotation of the word "complexity", study of complex systems must basically be biology. Basic questions are raised from this point of view.

A complex biological system: the fly's visual module

2007 ◽  
Vol 366 (1864) ◽  
pp. 345-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murilo S Baptista ◽  
Lirio O.B de Almeida ◽  
Jan F.W Slaets ◽  
Roland Köberle ◽  
Celso Grebogi
Keyword(s):  
Probability Measure ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Lyapunov Exponents ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Complex Biological System

Is the characterization of biological systems as complex systems in the mathematical sense a fruitful assertion? In this paper we argue in the affirmative, although obviously we do not attempt to confront all the issues raised by this question. We use the fly's visual system as an example and analyse our experimental results of one particular neuron in the fly's visual system from this point of view. We find that the motion-sensitive ‘H1’ neuron, which converts incoming signals into a sequence of identical pulses or ‘spikes’, encodes the information contained in the stimulus into an alphabet composed of a few letters. This encoding occurs on multilayered sets, one of the features attributed to complex systems . The conversion of intervals between consecutive occurrences of spikes into an alphabet requires us to construct a generating partition . This entails a one-to-one correspondence between sequences of spike intervals and words written in the alphabet. The alphabet dynamics is multifractal both with and without stimulus, though the multifractality increases with the stimulus entropy. This is in sharp contrast to models generating independent spike intervals, such as models using Poisson statistics, whose dynamics is monofractal. We embed the support of the probability measure, which describes the distribution of words written in this alphabet, in a two-dimensional space, whose topology can be reproduced by an M-shaped map. This map has positive Lyapunov exponents, indicating a chaotic-like encoding.

scholarly journals Cognitive Networks: Interactivity, Intersubjectivity, and Synergy

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-78
Author(s):  
Helena Knyazeva
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Network Science ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Cognitive Networks ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Cognitive Coherence ◽  
Cognitive Niches

Some properties of cognitive networks are discussed in the article in the context of the modern achievements of the network science. It is the study in network structures and their surprising properties that gives a new impetus to the development of the theory of complex systems (synergetics). The analysis of cognitive processes from the point of view of the network structures that arise in them not only fits with such concepts already existing in cognitive science and epistemology, as cognitive niches, cognitive maps, cognitive coherence, etc.), but also brings some new aspects to the understanding of interactivity, intersubjectivity, synergy in cognition and creative activities, empathy.

scholarly journals Post Mortem Analysis of SAT Solver Proofs

10.29007/gpp8 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Simon
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Learning Mechanism ◽  
Clause Learning ◽  
Sat Solver ◽  
Resolution Proofs ◽  
Final Proof

Conflict-Driven Clause Learning algorithms are well known from an engineerpoint of view. Thanks to Minisat, their designs are well understood, and mostof their implementations follow the same ideas, with essentially the samecomponents. Same heuristics, fast restarts, same learning mechanism.However, their efficiency has an important drawback: they are more and morelike complex systems and harder and harder to handle. Unfortunately, only afew works are focusing on understanding them rather than improving them. Inmost of the cases, their studies are often based on a generate and testpattern: An idea is added to an existing solver and if it improves itsefficiency the idea is published and kept. In this paper, we analyse``post-mortem'' the proofs given by one typical CDCL solver,Glucose. The originality of our approach is that we only consider it as aresolution proofs builder, and then we analyze some of the proofcharacteristics on a set of selected unsatisfiable instances, by shuffling each ofthem 200 times. We particularly focus on trying to characterize useless anduseful clauses in the proof as well as proofs shapes. We also show thatdespite their incredible efficiency, roughly 90% of the time spent in aCDCL is useless for producing the final proof.

scholarly journals Exploring Education and Education Reforms from the Complex Systems Point of View

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ljubinka Joksimović ◽  
Slavica Manić
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Education System ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Education Reforms ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
Theory Of Complexity

Abstract The main motivation for this paper is that a negligible number of reforms in education systems, initiated all over the world, proved to be successful in terms of bringing desired results in promoting educational practice and its final goal - the promotion of students’ learning and knowledge. Regarding the education system and its reform a change of paradigm has recently happened. In some cases, changes were made gradually, whereas in other cases it was completely abandonment of treating them as complicated systems with simple interventions and solutions toward the recognition and respect of their true complex nature. So, this reviewed paper explores new insights and tools derived from the theory of complexity. They can help to better understand and navigate the education system and its reform. Becoming familiarised with methodological implications of viewing the education system and its reform as complex system is recommendation for different stakeholders included in education system, such as teachers, students, researchers, administrators and policy makers. Advance awareness of both urgency and opportunities of analysing and respecting the education system as a complex system would contribute to better understanding the essence of dynamic wholeness of education and, for sure, would provide desired results of educational reform. For all of us that means more successful coping with the world characterised by a growing number of complex systems with growing intensity.

scholarly journals Influenza and cardiorespiratory events: a clinical-epidemiological review with a multidisciplinary point of view

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Carro Hevia ◽  
Francisco Sanz Hernández ◽  
Javier Álvarez Aldeán ◽  
Manuel García Cenoz ◽  
Isabel Jimeno Sanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Health System ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Respiratory Events ◽  
Triggering Factor ◽  
The Relationship

There is accumulating evidence showing that influenza infection and cardiorespiratory diseases are closely associated. Influenza has been described as a triggering factor capable of both exacerbate underlying chronic diseases as well as inducing the appearance of new respiratory and cardiovascular events. Consequently, influenza infection and its associated comorbidity have a significant impact on the health system. In this document, we extensively reviewed the current literature to describe the most relevant data on the relationship between influenza infection and cardiorespiratory diseases. Likewise, we analyzed the possible pathophysiological mechanisms explaining the connection between influenza infection and cardiac and respiratory events. Finally, reviewed data has been put into perspective to highlight the importance of influenza vaccination as an effective measure in the prevention of cardiorespiratory diseases, especially in the population with underlying chronic diseases.

THE ROLE OF PROVIDING CHILDREN WITH VITAMINS AND MINERALS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE PEDIATRICIAN

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Г. Муханқызы ◽  
Т.А. Алимова ◽  
Б.Б. Таубаева ◽  
Г.А. Байжанова
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin Deficiency ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Iron And Calcium

Известно, что в детском возрасте происходят интенсивный рост и напряженные обменные процессы, что и определяет высокую потребность организма ребенка как в витаминах, так и в минеральных веществах. Несмотря на отсутствие дефицита свежих овощей и фруктов, у 80-90% населения Казакстана обнаруживается дефицит витамина С, у 40-60% - снижены уровни витаминов А, В, В, у 30-40% детей наблюдается дефицит железа и кальция, у 70-80% - дефицит йода. Многочисленные исследования, проводимые в различных регионах совместно с Институтом питания, показали, что за последние годы обеспеченность витаминами населения Казакстана существенно ухудшилась. Также отмечено, что у Казахстанских детей дефицит витаминов имеет характер полигиповитаминоза и является круглогодичным, т. е. без улучшения в летние месяцы. Нарушая обмен веществ, дефицит витаминов способствует снижению иммунитета, отрицательно сказывается на физическом и психическом развитии ребенка, повышает частоту и усугубляет тяжесть хронических заболеваний. It is known that in childhood there is intense growth and intense metabolic processes, which determines the high need of the child's body for both vitamins and minerals. Despite the absence of a shortage of fresh vegetables and fruits, 80-90% of the population of Kazakstan is found to be deficient in vitamin C, 40-60% - reduced levels of vitamins A, B1, B2, 30-40% of children are deficient in iron and calcium, 70-80% - iodine deficiency. Numerous studies conducted in various regions together with the Institute of Nutrition have shown that in recent years, the vitamin supply of the population of Kazakstan has significantly deteriorated. It is also noted that in Kazakstan children, vitamin deficiency has the character of polyhypovitaminosis and is year-round, i.e. without improvement in the summer months. By disrupting the metabolism, vitamin deficiency contributes to a decrease in immunity, negatively affects the physical and mental development of the child, increases the frequency and exacerbates the severity of chronic diseases [1-7].

Biomechanical research of human locomotor activity by sensor recording motion from point of view of theory of chaos and self-organization of complex systems

10.12737/3393 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Кинтюхин ◽  
A. Kintyukhin ◽  
Ветошников ◽  
A. Vetoshnikov ◽  
Логинов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Power Inputs

. Features of locomotor activity were researched in 651 students (mean age 19,2±3,2, women – 57,3%) and 100 adults, randomly selected (mean age 41,2±13,5, women – 45%), having different occupations and constantly living in Surgut. It was established that locomotor activity of students for 24 hours is 9031±3694 steps for boys and 8312±3532 steps for girls. Power inputs during walking are spent by boys is 240±105 kcal that higher (p<0,05) than in girls – 197±91 kcal. The low-est locomotor activity is marked in winter. Men take about 8696±2250 steps during a week, women take 6513±1902 steps (p<0,05). The lowest activity and low power inputs are marked on Sunday in women (3642 steps, 466 kcal), on Sunday and Monday in men (4241 steps, 523 kcal and 6707 steps, 523 kcal) in accordance. The volumes of quasi-attractors are defined depending on day a week. Measures on providing of physical activity on days-off are required.

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