Association between smell and taste dysfunction and obesity and metabolic syndrome in older adults

Background: Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) are prevalent and associated with negative health outcomes in the elderly. There is a need to identify risk factors for these diseases in this population. Methodology: The 2013-14 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used in this study. Adults aged 60 or under were categorized into normosmia, hyposmia, anosmia, and combined anosmia + hyposmia using the Pocket Sniff Test. Taste was evaluated using quinine and NaCl solutions. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to characterize associations between smell and taste status and obesity and MS. Results: In univariate obesity analysis, normosmia, combined anosmia + hyposmia, and 0.32M NaCl taste dysfunction were significant. 0.32M NaCl taste dysfunction remained significant in multivariate analysis. MS was significantly associated with only tongue tip quinine dysfunction in univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusions: Salty taste dysfunction was found to be negatively associated with obesity while bitter taste dysfunction was found to be positively associated with MS.

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Anemia and iron deficiency in Mexican elderly population. Results from the Ensanut 2012

Salud Pública de México ◽

10.21149/spm.v57i5.7619 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 394 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alejandra Contreras-Manzano ◽

Vanessa De la Cruz ◽

Salvador Villalpando ◽

Rosario Rebollar ◽

Teresa Shamah-Levy

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Regression Models ◽

Elderly Population ◽

The Elderly ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Males And Females ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Objective. To describe de prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and anemia in a sample of Mexican elderly population from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut) 2012. Materials and methods. 1 920 subjects ≥60 years of age were included. Hemoglobin, serum concentrations of ferritin and CRP were measured. The risk for ID and anemia adjusted for potential confounders was assessed in logistic regression models. Results. The overall prevalence of anemia was 13.9%, 15.2% in males and 12.8% females. For ID,overall it was 4.2%, males 4.0% and females 4.3%. The greatest prevalence of ID was found in males and females over 80 years old (6.9 and 7.0%, respectively). ID was present in 1.5 of 10 Mexican elders with anemia. Conclusion. The prevalence of anemia was high in the elderly, however the prevalence of ID was low; there is a need to further investigate the causes of anemia in this age group.

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Low HbA1c levels and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality among people without diabetes: the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2015

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyaa263 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kosuke Inoue ◽

Roch Nianogo ◽

Donatello Telesca ◽

Atsushi Goto ◽

Vahe Khachadourian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Mortality ◽

Regression Models ◽

Machine Learning Algorithms ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Us ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Hba1c Levels

Abstract Objective It is unclear whether relatively low glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels are beneficial or harmful for the long-term health outcomes among people without diabetes. We aimed to investigate the association between low HbA1c levels and mortality among the US general population. Methods This study includes a nationally representative sample of 39 453 US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999–2014, linked to mortality data through 2015. We employed the parametric g-formula with pooled logistic regression models and the ensemble machine learning algorithms to estimate the time-varying risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality by HbA1c categories (low, 4.0 to <5.0%; mid-level, 5.0 to <5.7%; prediabetes, 5.7 to <6.5%; and diabetes, ≥6.5% or taking antidiabetic medication), adjusting for 72 potential confounders including demographic characteristics, lifestyle, biomarkers, comorbidities and medications. Results Over a median follow-up of 7.5 years, 5118 (13%) all-cause deaths, and 1116 (3%) cardiovascular deaths were observed. Logistic regression models and machine learning algorithms showed nearly identical predictive performance of death and risk estimates. Compared with mid-level HbA1c, low HbA1c was associated with a 30% (95% CI, 16 to 48) and a 12% (95% CI, 3 to 22) increased risk of all-cause mortality at 5 years and 10 years of follow-up, respectively. We found no evidence that low HbA1c levels were associated with cardiovascular mortality risk. The diabetes group, but not the prediabetes group, also showed an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Conclusions Using the US national database and adjusting for an extensive set of potential confounders with flexible modelling, we found that adults with low HbA1c were at increased risk of all-cause mortality. Further evaluation and careful monitoring of low HbA1c levels need to be considered.

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Trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in Mexican adults, 2006-2018

Salud Pública de México ◽

10.21149/12835 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (6, Nov-Dic) ◽

pp. 713-724

Author(s):

Rosalba Rojas-Martínez ◽

Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas ◽

Martín Romero-Martínez ◽

Lilia Castro-Porras ◽

Donaji Gómez-Velasco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Regression Models ◽

Significant Risk ◽

P Value ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Mexican Adults ◽

Diabetes Risk Score ◽

Linear Trends

Objective. To examine trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components. Materials and methods. Data from 27 800 Mexican adults who participated in Ensanut 2006, 2012, 2016 and 2018 were analyzed. Linear regression was used across each Ensanut period to assess temporal linear trends in the prevalence of MS. Logistic regression models were obtained to calculate the percentage change, p-value for the trend and the association between the presence of MS and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over 10 years using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) using Globorisk. Results. The prevalence of MS in Mexican adults according to the harmonized definition was: 40.2, 57.3, 59.99 and 56.31%, in 2006, 2012, 2016 and 2018 respectively (p for trend <0.0001). In 2018, 7.62% of metabolic syndrome cases had a significant risk for incident DM2 and 11.6% for CVD. Conclusion. It is estimated that there are 36.5 million Mexican adults living with metabolic syndrome, of which 2 million and 2.5 million have a high risk of developing T2DM or cardiovascular disease respectively, over the next 10 years.

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Association between Eating Away from Home and Hyperuricemia: A Population-Based Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in China

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/2792681 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zifeng Liu ◽

Xiaoting Su ◽

Mianli Xiao ◽

Peien Zhou ◽

Jianwei Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Home Food

Hyperuricemia (HU) is a risk factor for different kinds of chronic noncommunicable diseases, and eating away from home (EAFH) may play an important role in their development, which has been ignored greatly so far. This study aimed to investigate the association between EAFH and HU in different models. A cross-sectional study involving 8,322 participants of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) was conducted. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. We found that participants who consumed more away-from-home food had a higher risk for HU, and the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) (for each increment in grades of EAFH) were 1.11 (1.02, 1.20) in a multiadjusted model (adjusted for age, gender, province, net individual income, body mass index, smoking, leisure-time physical activities, energy intake, and sleep duration). As for stratified analyses, the aOR (95% CI) of EAFH was 1.12 (1.01, 1.24) for men and 1.06 (0.92, 1.21) for women. Similar results can be found in the middle-aged and obese population, with aOR (95% CI) of EAFH as 1.17 (1.05, 1.30) and 1.15 (1.03, 1.29), respectively. In conclusion, EAFH is positively associated with the prevalence of HU.

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Associations between Cadmium Exposure and Taste and Smell Dysfunction: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011–2014

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17030943 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 943

Author(s):

Yi Zheng ◽

Yun Shen ◽

Zheng Zhu ◽

Hui Hu

Keyword(s):

National Health ◽

Environmental Pollutant ◽

Cadmium Exposure ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Adverse Health Outcomes ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Blood Cadmium ◽

Taste Dysfunction ◽

Taste And Smell

Background: Cadmium is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and has been associated with many adverse health outcomes. However, little is known about the effect of cadmium exposure on taste and smell dysfunction. Methods: We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 to investigate the associations between blood cadmium and taste and smell dysfunction among 5038 adults aged 40–80 years old. Taste and smell dysfunction were defined by questionnaires, examinations, or both criteria. Results: In survey weighted logistic regression models adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, income-to-poverty ratio (IPR), and education, individuals with a blood cadmium level in the highest tertiles had significantly higher odds of having perceived smell dysfunction (odds ratio (OR) = 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.84), perceived taste dysfunction (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.89), and taste dysfunction defined by both self-reported and objectively measured data (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.07). After further adjusting for body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking, consistent results were observed for perceived taste dysfunction (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.00), and no significant associations were found between cadmium exposure and other outcomes. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that cadmium exposure is associated with perceived taste dysfunction.

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Low blood pressure and risk of depression in the elderly

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.176.5.464 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 176 (5) ◽

pp. 464-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Sabrina Paterniti ◽

Marie-Hélène Verdier-Taillefer ◽

Catherine Geneste ◽

Jean-Claude Bisserbe ◽

Annick Alpérovitch

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Regression Models ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

The Elderly ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Drinking Habits ◽

Low Blood Pressure ◽

The Relationship

BackgroundThe relationship between depression and low blood pressure is unclear.AimsTo examine the temporal relation between low blood pressure and depression in a two-year follow-up.MethodThe study group consisted of 1389 subjects aged 59–71 years; 1272 (92%) were examined after two years. Subjects completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression (CES–D) and the Spielberger inventory scales to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms respectively. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, smoking and drinking habits, medical history, drug use and blood pressure measures.ResultsAmong 1112 subjects who were considered as non-depressed at baseline, logistic regression models showed that low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and decrease of blood pressure were predictors of high depressive symptomatology at follow-up. Baseline high CES–D scores did not predict low blood pressure two years after.ConclusionsIn our study, low blood pressure was a risk factor for, but not a consequence of, high depressive symptomatology.

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Examine the Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Frailty in an Older Asian Population

10.20944/preprints202112.0463.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hiep Huu Hoang Dao ◽

Anh Trung Nguyen ◽

Huyen Thi Thanh Vu ◽

Tu Ngoc Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Sex Education ◽

Regression Models ◽

Asian Population ◽

Frailty Phenotype ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Asian Populations ◽

Definition Of

Background: There has been evidence that metabolic syndrome (MetS) may increase the risk of frailty. However, there is limited evidence on this association in Asian populations. Aims: This study aims to identify the association between MetS and frailty in older people in Vietnam. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of a dataset obtained from an observational study on frailty and sarcopenia in patients aged ≥60 at a geriatric hospital in Vietnam. Frailty was defined by the frailty phenotype. Participants were defined as having MetS if they had ≥3 out of 5 criteria from the definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adults Treatment Panel (ATP) III. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to estimate the risk of having frailty in patients with MetS. Results: There were 669 participants (mean age 71, 60.2% female), 62.3% had MetS and 39.0% was frail. The prevalence of frailty was 42.2% in participants with MetS, 33.7% in participants without MetS (p=0.029). On logistic regression models, MetS was associated with increased likelihood of being frail (adjusted OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.01-2.28), allowing for age, sex, education, nutritional status, history of hospitalisation and chronic diseases. Conclusion: There was a significant association between MetS and frailty in this population. Further longitudinal studies are required to confirm this association.

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Prevalence of bowel dysfunction in colorectal cancer survivors.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.638 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (4_suppl) ◽

pp. 638-638

Author(s):

Karanvir Sall ◽

Winson Y. Cheung

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

The Elderly ◽

Bowel Dysfunction ◽

Population Based ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Stool Incontinence ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Bowel Health

638 Background: There is limited research on the long-term bowel health outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors even though colorectal surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy can pose significant morbidity for patients. Our aims were to characterize the prevalence of specific bowel complications in CRC survivors and to compare their outcomes with those of non-CRC survivors and non-cancer controls. Methods: Using population-based data from the 2009 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we identified 3 different groups of adult patients: CRC survivors, non-CRC survivors, and non-cancer controls. Weighted multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to determine the relationship between survivor status and bowel health outcomes, while controlling for patient and disease characteristics. Main outcomes included leakage of gas, mucus, liquid stool, and solid stool. Stratified analyses were subsequently conducted to assess for effect modification based on gender (men vs. women), age (≤ 60 vs. >60), and ethnicity (white vs. non-white). Results: In total, 10,894 subjects were included: 75 CRC survivors, 910 non-CRC survivors, and 9909 non-cancer controls. Baseline characteristics were similar among all 3 patient groups. In univariate analyses, more CRC survivors reported bowel dysfunction, including leakage of: gas (15 vs. 12 vs. 10%, p=0.01), liquid stool (8 vs. 7 vs. 4%, p<0.001), and solid stool (2 vs. 0 vs. 0%, p<0.001) than non-CRC survivors and non-cancer controls. In multivariate analyses, CRC survivors continued to have significantly higher odds of solid stool incontinence (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.24-3.53, p<0.05) when compared to the other groups. The association between surviving CRC and presence of bowel dysfunction was not modified by ethnicity, but specific outcomes, such as solid stool leakage, were more prominent in women (p=0.003) and those who were aged >60 years (p=0.002). Conclusions: Bowel problems are significantly more frequent among CRC survivors than non-CRC survivors and non-cancer patients, especially for women and the elderly. Studies to develop interventions that minimize these bowel complications are needed in order to improve the long-term health and quality of life for CRC survivors.

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Abstract 039: Insomnia And Short Sleep Uniquely Predict Obesity, Hypertension, And Diabetes

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.143.suppl_1.039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Adam Knowlden ◽

Michael A Grandner

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Population Level ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Epidemiological Evidence ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

History Of ◽

Obesity Hypertension

Background: Epidemiological evidence of short sleep’s (<6 hours) association with negative cardiometabolic health outcomes continues to mount; yet, the complex relationship between sleep and health is still not well-understood. Sleep problems, such as short sleep (SS) and insomnia (IN), are often analyzed as a singular construct at the population level; however, it has been proposed that, although these two sleep problems likely overlap, they are separate phenomena. The purpose of this study was to: (1) determine if SS and IN were independent constructs; and to (2) evaluate whether SS and IN predicted obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Methods: Analyses were based on the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). NHANES employs a complex, multistage, probability sampling design to survey a representative sample of non-institutionalized U.S. adults (≥18 years). Data related to short (<6), normal (7-8), and long (9+) sleep duration, insomnia (present: mild, moderate, severe), hypertension (present: previous hypertension/hypertension medications/blood pressure in the hypertensive range), and diabetes (present: history of diabetes/fasting blood sugar of 130+) were extracted for analysis. Age, sex, and obesity (body mass index, 30.0+) were entered as covariates into the models. Results: Among the subjects, 0.08% were normal sleepers with IN; 0.21% were SS with insomnia; and, 0.59% had IN with SS. Table 1 summarizes the multivariate and stratified logistic regression models of SS and IN predicting obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Conclusions: Findings from this study suggested SS and IN are independent constructs, uniquely predicting obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. SS and IN neither mediated nor moderated one another, implying these two sleep outcomes are not additive in nature, but are instead separate health problems. The distinction between SS and IN may have important epidemiological and clinical implications.

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Association of cardiometabolic multimorbidity pattern with dietary factors among adults in South Korea

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40807/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dawoon Jeong ◽

Jieun Kim ◽

Hansongyi Lee ◽

Do-Yeon Kim ◽

Hyunjung Lim

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Korean Adults ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Disease Pattern ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽

Skipping Breakfast ◽

Chronic Health Status

Abstract Backgrounds Globally, cardiometabolic multimorbidity pattern (CMP) is a complexed chronic health status which shorter the life expectancy compared with single disease in adults. We aimed to identify multimorbidity patterns in Korean adults to clarify the associations between dietary factors and CMP. Methods Nationally representative data for 9,011 Korean adults aged 19-64 years are obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2013-2015. Multimorbidity patterns for CMP, inflammatory disease, cancer and other disease pattern were identified by exploratory factor analysis. Dietary factors including food, nutrient intake and diet habits were evaluated. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models examined the associations between dietary factors and CMP. Results More than half of the multimorbidity pattern was CMP (n=4,907, 54.5%); CMP subjects were more likely to be older, male, less educated, lower income, laborers, smokers, and high-risk consumers of alcohol than those of non-CMP subjects. A higher intake of calcium (OR= 0.809, 95% CI= 0.691-0.945), potassium (OR= 0.838, 95% CI= 0.704-0.998), and fruits (OR= 0.841, 95% CI= 0.736-0.960) were inversely associated with the prevalence of CMP while the consumption of irregular meals (OR=1.164, 95% CI= 1.034-1.312) and skipping breakfast (OR=1.279, 95% CI= 1.078-1.518) were associated with a 16% and 28% higher likelihood of CMP, respectively. Conclusions CMP accounts for more than half of the multimorbidity patterns in Korean population, and lower intake of calcium, potassium, fruits, and skipping meals might have strong associations with CMP.

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