scholarly journals Rearing of White Leg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) in Biofloc and Substrate Systems: Microbial Community of Water, Growth and Immune Response of Shrimp

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavanya Chethurajupalli ◽  
Neeraja Tambireddy
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Lysozyme Activity ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
And Control

The microbial composition of rearing water, growth and immune status of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles in biofloc (T1), substrate-integrated biofloc (T2), substrate (T3) systems and a control with four replicates each were evaluated in a 49-day indoor trail. In each HDPE tank of 70 L capacity filled with 10 g L-1 salinity water, ten shrimp (4.56±0.13 g) were stocked. The C: N ratio of 15:1 was maintained in T1 and T2 using wheat flour as carbon source for production of biofloc. The TAN, NO2 and NO3 were lower (P<0.05) in treatment tanks than that in control. It was also observed that the counts of Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Vibrio and zooplankton were high in T2 than T1, T3 and control. There was higher net weight gain (10.38±0.14 g) and lowest FCR (1.27±0.12) with T2 when compared to T1, T3 and control tanks. Moreover, the survival rate is significantly higher in treatments than control. Significant increase in THC (47.24±4.49 x 106 cells ml-1), serum protein (82.67±0.01 mg/ml), Phenoloxidase (0.73±0.03, OD 490 nm) and Lysozyme activity (56.32±0.03%) was observed in T2 than T1, T3 and control. The result shows that substrate-integrated biofloc system assures higher growth, survival and better immune response in L. vannamei.

Assessment of different ionic adjustment strategies in low‐salinity water on the growth of Litopenaeus vannamei and microbial community stoichiometry in a synbiotic nursery system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otávio Augusto Lacerda Ferreira Pimentel ◽  
Valdemir Queiroz Oliveira ◽  
Caio Rubens do Rêgo Oliveira ◽  
William Severi ◽  
Alfredo Olivera Gálvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Low Salinity Water ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Adjustment Strategies

scholarly journals The Effects of Different Carbon Sources on the Production Environment and Breeding Parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3584
Author(s):  
Yiming Xue ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Shuanglin Dong ◽  
Qinfeng Gao ◽  
Xiangli Tian
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Linear Discriminant

This study investigated the effect of different carbon sources on water quality, ammonia removal pathways, the bacterial community, and the production of Litopenaeus vannamei in outdoor culture tanks. Three systems were established: a clear water system (CW) and biofloc technology (BFT) systems with added molasses (M-BF) or poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydrovaleric acid) (PHBV) (P-BF). The average pH, total alkalinity, total organic carbon, biofloc volume, chlorophyll a, nitrite, nitrate, total nitrogen, and nitrification rate were significantly different among the treatments. Microbial composition varied and different dominant taxa were identified in the treatments by linear discriminant analysis effect size. Redundancy analysis indicated that the water quality parameters affected the distribution of the microbial community. Moreover, the genus Leucothrix was closely related to the M-BF treatment. Chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy were the most abundant functions in all treatments. A comparison of functions using BugBase indicated that the relative abundance of several functions such as biofilm formation, stress tolerance and functions related to anaerobic processes increased in the M-BF treatment. The specific growth rate, growth rate, and survival rate of shrimp were significantly higher in the P-BF system than in the CW system and the feed conversion ratio in the BFT treatments was significantly lower than that in the CW system. Overall, adding carbon sources affected water quality, microbial community, and shrimp performance. The results show that PHBV is a good alternative to carbon sources.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Mangrove (Avicennia marina) terhadap Ketahanan Tubuh Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei )

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitti Asna Samuria ◽  
Indriyani Nur ◽  
Muhaimin Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Different Doses

This study aims to determine the optimum dose of mangrove leaf extract (A. marina) which is able to improve the resistance of vaname shrimp (L. vannamei). The stages in this study consisted of : (1) extraction of mangrove leaves and, (2) Immunostimulation of shrimp with extracts orally, (3) analysis of shrimp resistance to defend against Vibrio alginolitycus bacterial infection through challange test. The treatment was conducted in different doses of extract in feed (10, 15, 20 g/kg), and the control treatment was pellets without extract. Feeding with the addition of the extract was carried out for 40 days, then tested against the bacterium V.alginolitycus. The parameter observed in this study was Survival Rate (SR) and clinical signs. In the treatment of 20 g showed an optimal increase in the vaname shrimp immune response with significantly different result compared to other treatments. Keywords : Vannamei,  Mangrove  Leaves,  V. alginolyticus,  Immunity

scholarly journals Enhancement of non-specific immune response, resistance and growth of (Litopenaeus vannamei) by oral administration of nucleotide

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Henky Manoppo ◽  
. Sukenda ◽  
Daniel Djokosetiyanto ◽  
Mochamad Fatuchri Sukadi ◽  
Enang Harris
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Total Haemocyte Count

<p>This research evaluated the nonspecific immune responsse, resistance, and growth of <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> fed nucleotide diet. Shrimp juveniles (mean weight 5.39±0.56 g) were reared in two groups of glass aquaria, each with three replications. Shrimps in group one and group two were fed nucleotide diet and basal diet each for four weeks. Total haemocyte count (THC) and PO activity were evaluated at the end of feeding while growth was measured at two weeks interval. At the end of feeding trial, the shrimps were intramuscularly injected with <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> 0.1x10<sup>6</sup> cfu.shrimp<sup>-1</sup>. THC of shrimp fed nucleotide diet significantly increased (P<0.01) up to 87% higher than shrimps fed basal diet. PO activity also different significantly as compared to shrimp fed basal diet (P<0.02) 14 days post-challenge, shrimp fed nucleotide diet showed higher resistance (P<0.01). After 4 weeks of feeding, weight gain achieved 65.38% greater than shrimp fed basal diet (P<0.01). As conclusion, oral administration of nucleotide at 400 mg.kg<sup>-1</sup> diet showed positive effect on the enhancement of nonspecific immune responsse, resistance, and growth of <em>L. vannamei</em>. </p> <p>Key words: <em>Litopenaeus vannamei, </em>nucleotide, THC, PO activity, resistance</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi respons imun non-spesifik dan resistensi udang vaname (<em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>) yang diberi pakan nukleotida.  Juvenil (5,39±0,56 g) dipelihara dalam dua kelompok akuarium kaca masing-masing dengan 3 ulangan.  Udang dalam dalam kelompok pertama diberi pakan nukleotida sedangkan udang dalam kelompok kedua diberi pakan standar selama 4 minggu. <em>Total haemocyte count</em> (THC) dan aktivitas phenoloxidase (PO) diukur pada akhir pemberian pakan sedangkan pertumbuhan udang diukur setiap dua minggu. Pada akhir periode pemberian pakan perlakuan, udang diuji tantang secara injeksi intramuskular dengan bakteri <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> 0,1x10<sup>6</sup> cfu.udang<sup>-1</sup>. THC udang yang diberi pakan nukleotida meningkat secara signifikan (P<0,01) mencapai 87% lebih tinggi dari udang yang diberi pakan standar.  Aktivitas PO udang yang diberi pakan nukleotida juga berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan udang yang hanya diberi pakan standar (P<0,02). Empat belas  hari setelah uji tantang, udang yang diberi pakan nukleotida memiliki resistensi yang lebih tinggi (P<0,01). Setelah 4 minggu pemberian pakan, perolehan berat mencapai 65,38% lebih besar (P<0,01) dibandingkan dengan udang yang hanya diberi pakan standar. Sebagai kesimpulan, pemberian secara oral nukleotida pada level 400 mg.kg<sup>-1</sup> pakan selama 4 minggu memberi pengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan respons imun non-spesifik, resistensi dan pertumbuhan udang vaname.</p> <p>Kata kunci: <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>, nukleotida, THC, aktivitas PO, resistensi</p>

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KEKEBALAN SPESIFIK ANTI STREPTOCOCCUS PADA BUDI DAYA IKAN NILA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Hambali Supriyadi ◽  
Desy Sugiani ◽  
Uni Purwaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Vaccine Delivery ◽  
Streptococcus Iniae ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Net Cage ◽  
And Control

Uji lapang vaksin Streptococcus telah dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas vaksin dan respon kebal pada ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) terhadap rangsangan yang diberikan. Penelitian dilakukan pada keramba jaring apung (KJA). Vaksin yang digunakan adalah vaksin S1N8 dan GM2.4 berupa vaksin yang diinaktivasi dengan formalin 0,3%. Aplikasi vaksin dilakukan secara bertahap yaitu vaksin awal (priming) diberikan melalui rendaman, sedangkan vaksin ulang diberikan melalui suntikan. Dosis vaksin awal yaitu 10 mL vaksin/100 L air untuk 1.000 ekor ikan direndam selama 15 menit, sedangkan booster diberikan melalui suntikan 0,2 mL/ ekor ikan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pemberian vaksin priming melalui rendaman dan booster dengan suntikan untuk vaksin S1N8 menghasilkan sintasan paling tinggi (70,3%—72,5%), apabila dibandingkan dengan vaksin GM2.4 (59,3%— 62,5%) dan kontrol (35,5%—42,0%).Field study of vaccines S1N8 and GM2.4 with the aims to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccine and the immune response of nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) against the vaccines. The research have been conducted in floating net cage. Vaccine tested were produced from Streptococcus iniae isolates S1N8 and GM2.4 which was prepared by formalin killed of 0.3%(v/v). Vaccine delivery were given in two steps i.e. priming with immersion, and booster through injection. The dose of vaccine for priming was 10 mL of vaccine/100 L water immersed for 1,000 fish for 15 minutes. Booster were delivered by injection as much as 0.2 mL/fish. The results indicated that combination of vaccine delivering of immersion (priming) and injection (booster) especially for S1N8 vaccine were the highest percent of survival rate (70.3%—72.5%) as compared with GM2.4 vaccine (59.3%—62.5%) and control (35.5%—42.0%).

Effects on development and microbial community of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei larvae with probiotics treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixuan Wang ◽  
Zihan Guo ◽  
Yapeng Tang ◽  
Jiawei Kuang ◽  
Yafei Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Larval Metamorphosis ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Larval Stages

Abstract Shrimp production is the second ranked of the most-traded production in these decades and the whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is the sixth most cultured species. Probiotics are alternative strategy for the promotion of growth and prevention of diseases in aquaculture. To confirmed the effects of the probiotics on development and microbial community of L. vannamei larvae during different development stages, five kinds of probiotics (108~109 CFU/g ) were added into the shrimp larvae rearing environment, and the effects of probiotics on bacterial community and water quality, larval growth and immune index were determined from nauplius larval stage to post larval stage. Results suggested that probiotics treated groups showed larger survival rate than the control groups from Z1 stage to P5 stage. Lactobacillus could improve the larvae’s survival ability, especially in the larval stages M2, M3, P1, P5 stage. It was confirmed that probiotics could promote the growth and development of shrimp larvae and prevent the incomplete molting in their growing process, particularly for EM-treated group. Results suggested that all the probiotics-treated groups had shown significant decreasing trend in the quantity of vibrios, except for the SA-treated group.And different probiotics could inhibite vibrios in different life periods. Amount these probiotics, LA, EM and PB had shown the best effects, including improving survival rate of the larvae, promoting the larval metamorphosis, reducing the quantity of vibrios and NH4-N and NO2-N levels, and increasing bacterial diversity.

scholarly journals Rhizosphere effect on removal and bioavailability of PAHs in contaminated agricultural soil

Biologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-851
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Katarzyna Możdżeń ◽  
Zhiguo Zhang ◽  
Chong Liu ◽  
Peiman Zandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Rhizosphere Effect ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe rhizosphere effect of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) dissipation, bioavailability and the structure change of microbial community was investigated using a compartmented device-rhizobox. The PAHs removal efficiency, bioavailability and the change in structure of the microbial community were ascertained using HPLC, Tenax-TA extraction and PCR-DGGE, respectively. The results showed that in the root area (R1) and bulk soil (CK), the removal of 3-ring PAHs were 97.72 ± 0.34% and 95.51 ± 0.75%, 4-ring PAHs were 89.01 ± 1.61% and 78.65 ± 0.47%, 5-ring PAHs were 77.64 ± 4.05% and 48.63 ± 3.19%, 6-ring PAHs were 68.69 ± 3.68% and 36.09 ± 1.78%, respectively. The average removal efficiency of the total PAHs after 80 days followed the order: R1M (91.1%) > CKM (84.9%) > CK (77.6%), indicating that planted soil with inoculation of Mycobacterium sp. as well as non-planted soil inoculated with Mycobacterium sp. could both significantly accelerate the removal of PAHs compared to control soil. The bioavailability ratio of PAHs with 3 and 4 rings tended to decrease (from 59.9% to 14.8% for 3-ring and 7.61% to 5.08% for 4-ring, respectively in R1) while those with 5 rings increased significantly (from 2.41% to 33.78% in R1) during the last 40 days, indicating that bioavailability alteration varies with the number of rings in the PAHs. In addition, PAH bioavailability generally did not show a significant difference between treated soil and control soil. These results suggest that ryegrass rhizosphere effect as well as inoculation of Mycobacterium sp. can accelerate PAH removal in polluted soil. The bacteria community structure demonstrated a complex interplay of soil, bacteria and ryegrass root, and potential PAH degraders were present in abundance. This study provides the exploring data of rhizosphere and bioaugmentation effect on PAH dissipation in agricultural soil, as well as the change of bioavailability and microbial composition thereof.

scholarly journals The Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy for Gastric Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107327482199743
Author(s):  
Ke Chen ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Zheling Chen
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
And Control

Background: Treatment options for advanced gastric esophageal cancer are quite limited. Chemotherapy is unavoidable at certain stages, and research on targeted therapies has mostly failed. The advent of immunotherapy has brought hope for the treatment of advanced gastric esophageal cancer. The aim of the study was to analyze the safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and the long-term survival of patients who were diagnosed as gastric esophageal cancer and received anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Method: Studies on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy of advanced gastric esophageal cancer published before February 1, 2020 were searched online. The survival (e.g. 6-month overall survival, 12-month overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rates (ORR)) and adverse effects of immunotherapy were compared to that of control therapy (physician’s choice of therapy). Results: After screening 185 studies, 4 comparative cohort studies which reported the long-term survival of patients receiving immunotherapy were included. Compared to control group, the 12-month survival (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.31 to 2.12, P < 0.0001) and 18-month survival (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.81, P = 0.0001) were significantly longer in immunotherapy group. The 3-month survival rate (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.36 to 3.06, P = 0.92) and 18-month survival rate (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 0.98 to 2.12, P = 0.07) were not significantly different between immunotherapy group and control group. The ORR were not significantly different between immunotherapy group and control group (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 0.65 to 3.66, P = 0.01). Meta-analysis pointed out that in the PD-L1 CPS ≥10 sub group population, the immunotherapy could obviously benefit the patients in tumor response rates (OR = 3.80, 95% CI: 1.89 to 7.61, P = 0.0002). Conclusion: For the treatment of advanced gastric esophageal cancer, the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy was superior to that of chemotherapy or palliative care.

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