scholarly journals Build Power Profiling Tool for Modern CPUs

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Naif Aljabri and Osama Abulnaja Naif Aljabri and Osama Abulnaja
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Performance Bottlenecks ◽  
Realistic Result ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Power Profiling

. Reduce the application power consumption is one of the main challenges for the HPC community. Code power profilers are very important for researchers to identify the performance bottlenecks and power consumption for their code. Most of the modern CPUs are equipped with a built-in sensor to allow researchers and HPC engineers to estimate the power consumption of the running applications. To estimate the power consumption for any piece of code running on CPU, you need to eliminate the confounding factors as possible and run the code many times until the average converge. The reason for that is the environment, which has the OS and other processes and services running at the same time with your code and may report incorrect power readings. In this paper, we build a power profiler tool, which saves the researcher time by running and profiling different pieces of code with different types of workloads, and keeps running until the average converge. Furthermore, we identify and eliminate the environment confounding factor which saves the researcher time and gives a realistic result for power consumption experiments.

scholarly journals Investigation on membrane fouling in ultrafiltration of latex solution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Abdelrasoul
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types

The low-pressure membrane applications are considered to be the most effective and sustainable methods of addressing environmental problems in treating water and wastewater that meets or exceed stringent environmental standards. Nevertheless, membrane fouling is one of the primary operational concerns that is currently hindering a more widespread application of ultrafiltration (UF) with a variety of contaminants. Membrane fouling leads to higher operating costs, higher energy demand, reduced membrane life time, and increased cleaning frequency. As a consequence, an efficient and well-planned UF process is becoming a necessity for consistent and long-term monetary returns. Examining the source and mechanisms of foulant attachment to the membrane’s surface is critical when it comes to the research of membrane fouling and its potential practical implementation. A mathematical model was developed in this study in order to predict the amount of fouling based on an analysis of particle attachments. This model was developed using both homogeneous and heterogeneous membranes, with a uniform and non-uniform pore sizes for the UF of simulated latex effluent with a wide range of particle size distribution. The objective of this mathematical model was to effectively identify and address the common shortcomings of previous fouling models, and to account for the existing chemical attachments in membrane fouling. The mathematical model resulting from this study was capable of accurately predicting the mass of fouling retained by the membrane and the increase in transmembrane pressure (TMP). In addition, predictive models of fouling attachments were derived and now form an extensive set of mathematical models necessary for the prediction of membrane fouling at a given operating condition, as well as, the various membrane surface charges. Polycarbonate and Polysulfone flat membranes, with pore sizes of 0.05 μm and a molecular weight cut off of 60,000 respectively, were used in the experimental designs under a constant feed flow rate and a cross-flow mode in UF of the simulated latex paint effluent. The TMP estimated from the model agreed with the experimentally measured values at different operating conditions, mostly within 5.0 - 8.0 % error, and up to 13.0% error for the uniform, and non-uniform pore size membranes, respectively. Furthermore, different types of membranes with a variety of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) values were tested so as to evaluate the accuracy of the models for a generalized application. In addition , a power consumption model, incorporating fouling attachment as well as chemical and physical factors in membrane fouling, was developed in order to ensure accurate prediction and scale-up. Innovative remediation techniques were likewise developed and applied in order to minimize membrane fouling, enhance the membrane performance, and save energy. Fouling remediation methodologies included the pre-treating of the latex effluent, so as to limit its fouling propensity by using different types of surfactants as cationic and anionic, in addition to the pH change. The antifouling properties of the membranes were improved through the implementation of the membrane pH treatment and anionic surfactant treatment. Increasing the ionic strength of latex effluent or enhancing the membrane surface hydrophilicity facilitated a significant increase in the cumulative permeate flux, a substantial decrease in the total mass of fouling, and a noticeable decrease in the specific power consumption.

scholarly journals Investigation on membrane fouling in ultrafiltration of latex solution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Abdelrasoul
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types

The low-pressure membrane applications are considered to be the most effective and sustainable methods of addressing environmental problems in treating water and wastewater that meets or exceed stringent environmental standards. Nevertheless, membrane fouling is one of the primary operational concerns that is currently hindering a more widespread application of ultrafiltration (UF) with a variety of contaminants. Membrane fouling leads to higher operating costs, higher energy demand, reduced membrane life time, and increased cleaning frequency. As a consequence, an efficient and well-planned UF process is becoming a necessity for consistent and long-term monetary returns. Examining the source and mechanisms of foulant attachment to the membrane’s surface is critical when it comes to the research of membrane fouling and its potential practical implementation. A mathematical model was developed in this study in order to predict the amount of fouling based on an analysis of particle attachments. This model was developed using both homogeneous and heterogeneous membranes, with a uniform and non-uniform pore sizes for the UF of simulated latex effluent with a wide range of particle size distribution. The objective of this mathematical model was to effectively identify and address the common shortcomings of previous fouling models, and to account for the existing chemical attachments in membrane fouling. The mathematical model resulting from this study was capable of accurately predicting the mass of fouling retained by the membrane and the increase in transmembrane pressure (TMP). In addition, predictive models of fouling attachments were derived and now form an extensive set of mathematical models necessary for the prediction of membrane fouling at a given operating condition, as well as, the various membrane surface charges. Polycarbonate and Polysulfone flat membranes, with pore sizes of 0.05 μm and a molecular weight cut off of 60,000 respectively, were used in the experimental designs under a constant feed flow rate and a cross-flow mode in UF of the simulated latex paint effluent. The TMP estimated from the model agreed with the experimentally measured values at different operating conditions, mostly within 5.0 - 8.0 % error, and up to 13.0% error for the uniform, and non-uniform pore size membranes, respectively. Furthermore, different types of membranes with a variety of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) values were tested so as to evaluate the accuracy of the models for a generalized application. In addition , a power consumption model, incorporating fouling attachment as well as chemical and physical factors in membrane fouling, was developed in order to ensure accurate prediction and scale-up. Innovative remediation techniques were likewise developed and applied in order to minimize membrane fouling, enhance the membrane performance, and save energy. Fouling remediation methodologies included the pre-treating of the latex effluent, so as to limit its fouling propensity by using different types of surfactants as cationic and anionic, in addition to the pH change. The antifouling properties of the membranes were improved through the implementation of the membrane pH treatment and anionic surfactant treatment. Increasing the ionic strength of latex effluent or enhancing the membrane surface hydrophilicity facilitated a significant increase in the cumulative permeate flux, a substantial decrease in the total mass of fouling, and a noticeable decrease in the specific power consumption.

Novel Architecture for Low-Power CNTFET-Based Compressors

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1950207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Dadashi Gavaber ◽  
Mehrdad Poorhosseini ◽  
Saadat Pourmozafari
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cmos Circuits ◽  
Xor Gate ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Power Delay Product

Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) are excellent candidates for the replacement of traditional CMOS circuits. One of the most important modules in many arithmetic circuits is multiplier. Sometimes multipliers may occupy more area as well as consume high power which may cause speed reduction in the critical path. Compressors are important building blocks which are used in most multipliers. In this paper, a low-power architecture is proposed which can be used in compressor designs. The proposed architecture uses a low-power three-input XOR gate to reduce area, delay and power consumption. In order to evaluate the delay and power consumption of circuits, we have used four different types of compressors (3–2, 4–2, 5–2 and 7–2). These four designs were simulated using HSPICE simulation tool with 32-nm CMOS model based on 1-V and 1-GHz frequency operator. The results indicate that the proposed compressor architectures have less power–delay product (PDP) and power consumption in comparison with the existing proposed compressors.

IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID ALGORITHM FOR 3G – WIFIOFFLOAD NETWORKS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Setiyo Budiyanto ◽  
Muhamad Asvial ◽  
Dadang Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
Roulette Wheel ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Stable Throughput

A new algorithm for optimizing  3G–WiFioffload and load balancing between nodes, called as New – Genetic Zone Routing Protocol (N – GZRP), is proposed in this paper. N – GZRP is a combination of outputs of Roulette Wheel selections method (RWs) and Rank Selections Method (Rs). Output from RWs is optimized by Rs where Rs is used as a threshold value of the uncertainty that occurs due to the use of RWs.  The algorithm is implemented for detecting the performance of mobile devices on several different types of networks.  The simulation results are compared with the (RWs)–GZRPand ZRP algorithm. The simulation results show that 35% of power consumption can be saved by using the proposed algorithm compared with GZRPalgorithm. Moreover,when compared with ZRP algorithm the proposed algorithm can save 60% power consumption. In addition, N – GZRP has a more stable throughput which is 3 Kbps higher than ZRP. The simulation results also show that N–GZRPhas smaller average delay than GZRP and ZRPwhich are about 20 msand 1400 ms, respectively.N – GZRP also reduces the synchronization delay about 25 ms and 45 ms compared withGZRPalgorithmand ZRP algorithm, respectively.

Early Solid Feeding and Recurrent Childhood Eczema: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-546
Author(s):  
David M. Fergusson ◽  
L. John Horwood ◽  
Frederick T. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Social Background ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Food Antigens ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chronic Eczema ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potential Food ◽  
Chronic Childhood

The relationship between early solid feeding practices and risks of recurrent or chronic eczema in childhood was examined in a birth cohort of New Zealand children studied to the age of 10. By the age of 10 years, 7.5% of children had chronic or recurrent eczema. There were clear and consistent associations between the diversity of the child's diet during the first 4 months and risks of eczema. Even when due allowance was made for a range of confounding factors—including parental atopic illness, atopic illness in siblings, the child's early milk diet, and family social background—children exposed to four or more different types of solid food before 4 months had risks of recurrent or chronic eczema that were 2.9 times those of children who were not exposed to early solid feeding. It is concluded that early exposure to a diet diverse in potential food antigens may act to predispose susceptible children to recurrent or chronic childhood eczema.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of the main technological parameters of the two-rotor shock-centrifugal disintegrator on the basis of correlation analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 00060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Nadutyi ◽  
Anastasiia Loginova ◽  
Vitalii Sukhariev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Kinematic Scheme ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Combined Action

Technological disintegration indicators (productivity and power consumption) were determined and their generalized multiple regression variability depending on the regime and structural parameters of the shock-centrifugal disintegrator and the parameters of the output product were obtained. Economic and technological advantages of using the two-rotation kinematic scheme of a shock-centrifugal disintegrator, which implements the destruction of the material mainly by shock shifts due to the combined action of the kinetic energy of the interconnected flows, were justified. The research was carried out using such types of rocks: granite, tuff, limestone, basalt. The nature of the dependencies was determined by comparing the corresponding values of the reliability of different types of approximation.

scholarly journals Architectures and Arithmetic for Low Static Power Consumption in Nanoscale CMOS

VLSI Design ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Fir Filter ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Iir Filters ◽  
Nanoscale Cmos ◽  
Iir Filter ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Static Power ◽  
Bit Serial

This paper focuses on leakage reduction at architecture and arithmetic level. A methodology for considerable reduction of the static power consumption is shown. Simulations are done in a typical 130 nm CMOS technology. Based on the simulation results, the static power consumption is estimated and compared for different filter architectures. Substantial power reductions are shown in both FIR-filters and IIR-filters. Three different types of architectures, namely, bit-parallel, digit-serial, and bit-serial structures are used to demonstrate the methodology. The paper also shows that the relative power ratio is strongly dependent on the used word length; that is, the gain in power ratio is larger for longer word lengths. A static power ratio at 0.48 is shown for the bit-serial FIR-filter and a power ratio at 0.11 is shown in the arithmetic part of the FIR-filter. The static power ratio in the IIR-filter is 0.36 in the bit-serial filter and 0.06 in the arithmetic part of the filter. It is also shown that the use of storage, such as registers, relatively the arithmetic part, affects the power ratio. The relatively lower power consumption in the IIR-filter compared to the FIR-filter is due to the lower use of registers.

scholarly journals Research of Facts Devices for Stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S8) ◽  
pp. 1585-1590
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Power System ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
Facts Devices ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
The People ◽  
Different Types

Nowadays the consumption and need for the power is more hence there is great demand on power consumption by the people which may often cause instability in power system. This instability in Voltage or current in the power system can be controlled using various kinds of facts device. Hence, this paper explains the role of the facts devices in maintenance of stability and their optimal placements in power system. Thus this paper gives a comprehensive and comparative study of different types of facts device and their role in Voltage or transients stability analysis methods.

The Detection of Battery Screwdriver’s Optimal Working Modes when Assembling Fixed Threaded Joint Considering Allowable Tightening Torque in Case of Equal Screw Length

2015 ◽  
Vol 220-221 ◽  
pp. 946-950
Author(s):  
Ivans Grinevich ◽  
Natalija Mozga ◽  
Guntis Strautmanis
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Assembly Time ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Screw Length ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Threaded Joints ◽  
Electrical Power Consumption

In presented paper, the screwdriver’s electric power consumption studies depending on the corresponding fixed threaded joint’s assembly time are carried out. So far there are no recommendations from the tool manufactures for screwdriver’s optimal operating modes (the conclusion is made on the base of the attached instructions which provide instrument manufacturers), when evaluating this aspect upon taking into account the electrical power consumption and assembly time for different types of fixed threaded joints (wood, metal, plastic, etc.) and also taking into account obtainable tightening moments. In the examined literature sources which deal with the opportunities concerning the optimization of the automated assembly processes of fixed threaded joints, not enough attention is paid to the reduction of the instrument’s energy consumption which is one of the main tasks in the industrial process because it directly impacts production costs.

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