scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities of <i>Psidium guajava</i> (Guava) and <i>Velvet tamarin</i> (Icheku) Local Chewing Sticks on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> Isolated from Human Mouth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
I. A. Ojiuko ◽  
C. O. Anyamene ◽  
C. U. Ezebialu ◽  
A. P. Unamadu ◽  
C. S. Alisigwe
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Chewing Sticks

scholarly journals Phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activities of indigenous chewing stick (Anogeissus leiocarpus) stem

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
M.M. Namadina ◽  
A.U. Mukhtar ◽  
S.I. Karaye ◽  
F.M. Musa ◽  
I.H. Bah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Streptococcus Salivarius ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽  
Anogeissus Leiocarpus ◽  
Chewing Sticks

The stems from Anogeissus leiocarpus are commonly used as chewing sticks in Northern Nigeria. If properly used, the chewing sticks have proven to be effective in removing dental plaque due to mechanical cleaning and enhanced salivation. Chewing sticks from other plants have been shown to display antimicrobial activities against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. However, there is limited information available in Northern Nigeria on the chemical composition, antimicrobial properties and the ability of the plants under study to prevent bacterial adhesion to tooth surface. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Anogeissus leiocarpus and correlate the results obtained to their ethnomedicinal uses as chewing sticks. Powdered stem was exhaustively extracted using methanol at room temperature for 72 hours. Antibacterial activities of the methanol extract was assessed using the agar well diffusion methods against the oral pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis. Acute toxicity study was achieved using Lorke method. Phytochemicals which include flavonoid, steroid, triterpenes, alkaloids, tannins, carbohydrate, glycoside, phenols were detected in the extracts while anthraquinones was absent. The antibacterial results revealed that, the methanol extract had promising antibacterial activity. S. aureuswas found to be the most susceptible bacteria at 500mg/ml with inhibition of 22 mm, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus sanguinis were inhibited at 16 mm while Streptococcus mutans showed inhibition of 14 mm. The extract have MIC and MBC of 31.25 mg/ml and 62.5 mg/ml respectively against all the tested clinical isolates. The LD50 of Anogeissus leiocarpus was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg and could be considered safe for consumption.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK DAUN JAMBU BIJI DARI BEBERAPA KULTIVAR TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 DENGAN HOLE-PLATE DIFFUSION METHOD

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
Farida Lanawati Darsono ◽  
Stephanie Devi Artemisia
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Activity Test

A study has been performed on the antimicrobial activities of jambu biji (Psidium guajava Linn) leaves from several cultivars (red, white and yellow cultivar) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 representing the Gram positive bacteria. The reason for conducting this research is that the leaves of jambu biji are frequently used in traditional medicine as a remedy against diarrhoea. The hole-plate diffusion method was used for conducting the antimicrobial activity test with antibiotics (Ampicilline trihidrat) as reference standards. The extracts of jambu biji for each cultivar were obtained by reflux with ethanol 96 percent. The concentrations of the extracts applied to the holes were 10 percent, 20 percent, and 30 percent w/v, the extracts were reconstituted with tween 80 and ethanol 96 percent. Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that the extract of jambu biji from each cultivar with the concentration of 10 percent, 20 percent, and 30 percent w/v showed antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The result obtained statictically evaluated using Anava Factorial 3x3 and furthery tested for significancy (a = 0.05). Based on the results of study, it can be concluded that the extract of jambu biji leaves from red cultivar, white cultivar and yellow cultivar showed antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

scholarly journals Efecto del enjuague bucal de extracto etanólico psidium guajava l. Sobre candida albicans y streptococcus mutans. Huánuco, 2019.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Nancy Doris Calzada-Gonzales ◽  
Marisol Rossana Ortega-Buitrón ◽  
Silvia Lina Bacilio-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Psidium Guajava

Objetivo. Determinar el efecto antimicótico y antibacteriano del Psidium Guajava L. al 50 % y 90 % sobre la Cándida Albicans y los Streptococcus mutans Huánuco, 2019. Métodos. Estudio experimental in vitro donde fueron incluidas 32 unidades de análisis (placas Petri con cepas de Cándida albicans o Streptococcus mutans de las cuales 16 muestras correspondieron a los cuatro grupos de estudio de la cepa cándida albicans y 16 muestras para los cuatro grupos de las cepas de Streptococcus mutans, el grupo control positivo (Clorhexidina al 2 % o Nistatina 100.000 UI) y grupo control negativo (agua destilada). El efecto antimicótico y antibacteriano se determinó mediante la cuantifcación del diámetro del halo de inhibición. En una fcha de observación se recolectó la información. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron la prueba de ANOVA y T de Student. Resultados. El Psidium Guajava L. 90 % presentó mayor diámetro de formación del halo de inhibición media 14,40 ± 2,06 mm frente al Streptococcus mutans y una media 13,50 ± 1,50 mm frente a la Cándida albicans. Respecto al Psidium Guajava L. 50 % la media de diámetro del halo de inhibición fue 11,30 ± 1,76 mm y frente a la Cándida albincas la media fue 8,40 ± 2,22 mm. Encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente signifcativas (p < 0,05) del efecto antimicótico y antibacteriano del Psidium Guajava L. sobre Cándida albicans y Streptococcus mutans entre los cuatro grupos estudiados (p = 0,00). Conclusiones. La aplicación del enjuague bucal a base de extracto etanólico de Psidium Guajava L. al 90 % tiene mayor efecto antimicótico y antibacteriano en el tratamiento de la candidiasis de la mucosa bucal.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LEAF EXTRACT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
R. C. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
Dose Dependent

The phytochemical  screening, and anti-bacterial activities of the hydro-methanolic leaves extract of Psidium guajava   using standard screening methods such as disc diffusion methods. The secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenols , saponins, and tannins were present  in Psidium guava  extract in phytochemical screening, It also showed dose dependent  antibacterial activities against almost all the test organisms.  Results denote the antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava leaves extract

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effects of Guava Tannins and Related Polyphenols on Vibrio and Aeromonas Species

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumi Yamanaka ◽  
Tsutomu Hatano ◽  
Hideyuki Ito ◽  
Shoko Taniguchi ◽  
Eizo Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Aeromonas Species ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Alkyl Gallates ◽  
Aeromonas Sobria ◽  
Related Compounds

An extract obtained from a bottled tea drink of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) showed antibacterial effects on Vibrio vulnificus, V. mimicus, V. parahaemolyticus, and Aeromonas sobria. HPLC-diode array detector (DAD) analysis of an effective fraction obtained from the extract revealed the presence of several tannins and related polyphenols. To verify these results and to estimate the antibacterial effects of the polyphenols, we isolated the polyphenols from the leaves of P. guajava. Among the polyphenols isolated, pedunculagin, castalagin, casuarinin, and stenophyllanin A were effective against Vibrio and Aeromonas species. Studies of structurally related compounds revealed that penta- O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and alkyl gallates such as isoamyl gallate (IG) and n-octyl gallate exhibited potent antibacterial activities. The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of three polyphenols (i.e., PGG, EGCG, and IG) that exhibited low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were then determined. Comparisons of the MBCs and MICs indicated that PGG was not bactericidal at the MIC, whereas EGCG and IG were. The effect of combinations of the three polyphenols with several antibiotics was also examined. The combination of IG and kanamycin (KM) effectively reduced the MIC of KM against V. vulnificus and V. mimicus; the combination of EGCG and tetracycline (TC) also reduced the MIC of TC against V. parahaemolyticus. Thus, polyphenols may be useful in the development of antibacterial agents against Vibrio bacteria.

Antibacterial activities of extracts from Nigerian chewing sticks

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 675-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluronke Taiwo ◽  
Hong-Xi Xu ◽  
Song F. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Chewing Sticks
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