scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LEAF EXTRACT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
R. C. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
Dose Dependent

The phytochemical  screening, and anti-bacterial activities of the hydro-methanolic leaves extract of Psidium guajava   using standard screening methods such as disc diffusion methods. The secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenols , saponins, and tannins were present  in Psidium guava  extract in phytochemical screening, It also showed dose dependent  antibacterial activities against almost all the test organisms.  Results denote the antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava leaves extract

scholarly journals Pharmacological studies of Mangifera indica leaf extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 073-079
Author(s):  
Agrawal RC
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Almost All

The present study was undertaken to explore the phytochemical screening, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activities of the hydro-methanolic leaves extract of Mangifera indica using standard screening methods such as disc diffusion and DPPH methods. In phytochemical screening, Mangifera indicaextract showed presence of secondary metabolites such as carbohydrate, phenols, tanins and proteins whereas Saponins were absent. It also showed antibacterial activities against almost all the test organisms. The extracts possessed potent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity against the positive control standard Ascorbic acid. Results denote the presence of hydroxyl radical scavenging principles in the extracts.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activities and phytochemical screening of crude extract of Carica papaya leaf against selected pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
A.E. Ajiboye ◽  
R.A. Olawoyin
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Test Organisms

Carica papaya commonly known as paw paw belongs to the family of Curcubitaceae and commonly grown in tropical regions. It possesses  antimicrobial, antihelmintic and antioxidant properties. The study assessed the antibacterial potency of Carica papaya against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Acetone and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Carica papaya were obtained using standard methods. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was done using agar well diffusion methods. The Minimum inhibitory and Minimum bactericidal concentrations were done using standard procedures. The antibacterial activities of the crude extracts of Carica papaya against the test organisms revealed that acetone extract showed maximum zone of inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 17.90±0.10mm at 500 mg/ml and the lowest inhibitory effect on Klebsiella pneumoniae with a zone of 6.50±0.50mm at 100 mg/ml, the aqueous extract showed maximum zone of  inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 15.50±0.50mm at 500 mg/ml and the lowest zone of inhibition was on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 6.50±0.50mm at 100 g/ml. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of acetone and aqueous extract was 40 mg/ml and 50mg/ml against Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of the extracts ranges from 40-60mg/ml. The qualitative  phytochemical screening result revealed the presence of tannins, saponnin, alkaloids and steroid. The quantitative phytochemicals revealed 0.70%  of flavonoids, 0.48% of alkaloids, 1.02% of tannin, 0.11% of steroids and 1.08% of glycoside. The result obtained revealed that crude extracts of Carica papaya leaves has antibacterial activities against the test organisms. Keywords: Carica papaya, Phytochemical screening, Pathogens, Antibacterial  activity

Involvement of the Benzodiazepine Site in the Anticonvulsant Activity of Tapinanthus globiferus against Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures in Mice

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (16) ◽  
pp. 1204-1215
Author(s):  
Christianah A. Elusiyan ◽  
Ana Luiza Gonçalves Faria ◽  
Ane Emanuelle Queiroga Mendes ◽  
Iransé Oliveira Silva ◽  
José Luis Rodrigues Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Sensory Response ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
Neuromuscular Coordination ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Benzodiazepine Site

Abstract Tapinanthus globiferus is often referred to as an all-purpose herb for the treatment of stroke and epilepsy. The present study investigates the anticonvulsant effect of methanolic leaf extract, active fractions, and lupeol (isolate) of Tapinanthus globiferus in mice as well as the underlying mechanisms. Following phytochemical studies of T. globiferus, preliminary assays were performed to evaluate MLE-induced toxic effect and behavioral changes. The pentylenetetrazol (70 mg/kg, i. p.)-induced seizure was evaluated in mice that were pretreated orally with vehicle 10 mL/kg, MLE (4, 20, or 100 mg/kg), fractions (F1 to F6), lupeol 10 mg/kg or diazepam (3 mg/kg). Methanolic leaf extract preserved neuron viability as well as the relative organ weight, and hematological and biochemical parameters. The behavioral endpoints, neuromuscular coordination, and sensory response parameters revealed a dose-dependent effect of methanolic leaf extract. This extract, active fractions, lupeol, and diazepam potentiated the hypno-sedative effect of the barbiturate and attenuated PTZ-induced acute seizure. This antiseizure effect was completely reversed by flumazenil 2 mg/kg (benzodiazepine site antagonist). Altogether, the benzodiazepine site-mediated anticonvulsant effects of methanolic leaf extract, active fractions, and lupeol corroborate traditional application of T. globiferus against epilepsy.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, TANNINS CONTENT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY FROM LEAF AND CALLUS EXTRACTS OF MEMECYLON UMBELLATUM.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Janarthanam Balasundaram ◽  
Dhamotharan R ◽  
Anbkkarasi M
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Diffusion Technique

Objective: This study aims to determine the phytochemical screening, tannins content, and antibacterial activity from leaf and callus extracts of Memecylon umbellatum.Methods: Preliminary screening involved the qualitative methods to detect the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, steroids, quinones, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and alkaloids. Total tannins contents were quantitatively estimated with tannic acid as standard. Different concentrations of ethanolic leaf and callus extracts were tested using the agar disc diffusion technique for the antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli.Results: The phytochemical analysis of leaf and callus extract of M. umbellatum revealed the presence of significant secondary metabolites such as tannins, saponins, quinones, cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids. The total tannins content in callus and leaf extract were found to be 11.37 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/g and 7.1 mg TAE/g, respectively. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf and callus extracts of M. umbellatum shown more active against B. subtilis. Both the callus and leaf extract of M. umbellatum was found to be inactiveagainst E. coli.Conclusion: It was concluded that the powerful antibacterial effect is attributed to the greater amount of tannin compounds in the ethanolic callus extracts of M. umbellatum.Keywords: Memecylon umbellatum, Callus extract, Tannins, Phytochemical analysis, Disc diffusion, Antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities of Tanzanian Moringa oleifera Extracts against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia Clinical Isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1055-1061
Author(s):  
Sartaz Begum ◽  
Jenipher S Asenga ◽  
Valence M.K. Ndesendo ◽  
Baraka L. Ngingo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
E Coli

In vitro antibacterial activities of methanolic leaf and seed extracts of Moringa oleifera grown in Dodoma, Tanzania were evaluated using standard microdilution and disc diffusion methods against extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Microdilution method showed no activity at concentration of 20 mg/mL for all the extracts except leaf extract which exhibited minimum inhibition at concentration of  2.5 µg/mL for E. Coli but when high concentrations of the extracts were used in the disc diffusion method then the results exhibited the highest killing susceptibility at concentration of 0.4 g/mL with zone of inhibition 31 mm for leaf extract and 26 mm for seed extract against E. coli, and 27 mm for leaf extract and 29 mm for seed extract against K. pneumonia. Additionally, when both extracts were screened qualitatively for phytoconstituents using standard methods, leaf extract confirmed the presence of carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides,  tannins and quinones, and seed extract confirmed the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids and quinones. These phytoconstituents can be new sources of future antibiotics that potentially combat the existing problem of antimicrobial resistance and thus, creating an awareness in the community regarding the usage of M. oleifera growing widely but neglected in Tanzania in spite of its nutritional values and traditional uses. Keywords: Moringa oleifera; Phytoconstituents; Antibacterial activity; Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activities of Aframomum melegueta (K. Schum) Seed Extracts on Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1419-1424
Author(s):  
M.S. Chomini ◽  
M.K. Peter ◽  
M. Ameh ◽  
A.E. Chomini ◽  
E.A. Bassey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Seed Extracts

The phytochemical screening and antibacterial effects of Aframomum melegueta (K. Schum)on Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae was carried out. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, anthraquinones, terpenoids, glycosides  and phenols in the seed extract. The susceptibility test showedzones of inhibition (ZOI) of S. typhi (11.0mm) and K. pneumonia (13.0mm)with methanolic seed extract (MSE), while the hot aqueous seed extract (HASE) recorded 3.0mmas ZOI for both test organisms. The Minimum  inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 200mg/ml and 100mg/ml were recorded against S. typhi and K. pneumoniae respectively with MSE, while HASE indicated 400mg/ml and 200mg/ml MICs against S. typhi and K. pneumoniae respectively. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) obtained from MSE were 200 mg/ml and 25mg/ml for S. typhiand K. pneumoniae, while HASE had > 400mg/ml for test microbes. The effectiveness of different concentrations of the test plant extracts on the test organisms was significant (P<0.05). Further trials involving other clinical isolates and botanicals at different concentrations be conducted, to optimize theprocess. Keywords: Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, Aframomum melegueta, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae

scholarly journals Fabrication and Antibacterial Effects of Polycarbonate/Leaf Extract Based Thin Films

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mahendran ◽  
D. Sridharan ◽  
C. Arunmozhidevan ◽  
T. A. Selvakumar ◽  
P. Rajasekar
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Blending Method

We have reported the preparation and antibacterial activities of leaf extract incorporated polycarbonate thin films to improve the antibacterial characteristics of host polycarbonates (PCs). Crude extracts of Azadirachta indica, Psidium guajava, Acalypha indica, Andrographis paniculata, and Ocimum sanctum were prepared by maceration using Dimethylformamide as solvent. The leaf extracts (LE) were incorporated into the PC matrix by solution blending method, and the thin films were fabricated by Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS) technique. The antibacterial activities of the as-prepared films were evaluated against E. coli and S. aureus by disk diffusion method. The inhibitory effects of the PC/LE films are higher for S. aureus than the E. coli, but pristine PC film did not exhibit any remarkable antibacterial characteristics. Further, the model fruit (Prunus) studies revealed that the PC/LE films retained the freshness of the fruits for more than 11 days. This study demonstrates that the PC/LE films have excellent antibacterial activities; thus, the films could be promising candidate for active antibacterial packaging applications.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Screening of Gnetum Africanum Stem and Root

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
B. C. Akin-Osanaiye ◽  
E. J. Ekpeyong ◽  
I. W. Olobayotan
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Dose Dependent

The menace of antibiotic resistance and the antecedent evolution of innocuous microbes into superbugs is an epidemic of global concern. This study investigated the phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of hexane and methanol extracts of Gnetum africanum stem and root, on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi and Aspergillus flavus. Stem and roots of G. africanum were extracted with hexane and methanol using cold maceration technique; standardized chemical tests were employed for phytochemical screening and the agar-well diffusion method used for antimicrobial analysis. The results of phytochemical screening G. africanum showed that all the following tested phytochemicals which include steroid, tannins, and saponins were present in both methanol and hexane extracts of G. africanum while flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides and carbohydrate were absent in both the methanol and hexane extracts. Anthraquinone was present in hexane extract but absent in methanolic extract of G. africanum. Both the stem and root of G. africanum had antimicrobial effects on all the test organisms but the effect of the stem was higher than that of the root. Findings indicate that both extracts had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus, with maximum inhibition zones of 17.50 mm and 16.00 mm at 500 mg/ml for hexane and methanol extracts, respectively. The stem and root extracts of hexane and methanol were inactive against A. flavus. The findings of this study further reinforce the importance of G. africanum stem and root in traditional healthcare practice and its use in culinary. Further investigation is however needed to isolate and purify the bioactive antimicrobial principles for potential development into generic antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial activities of crude Moringa oleifera leaves extracts on chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum (3D7)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Abdullahi M. Daskum ◽  
Chessed Godly ◽  
Muhammad A. Qadeer
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Parasite Growth ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Dose Dependent

The antimalarial efficacy of crude hexane, methanol and lyophilized aqueous Moringa oleifera leaf extract was evaluated on chloroquine sensitive (CQS) strain of Plasmodium falciparum (3D7) in vitro, with a view to validate traditional use of M. oleifera as antimalarial. A dose dependent suppression of parasite growth was observed for all extracts, at microgram per mills (µg/mL) concentrations. At the lowest concentration of extract (6.25 µg/mL), the hexane, methanol and lyophilized aqueous extracts showed 63.52%, 71.42% and 60.65% suppression of plasmodium growth respectively. The extracts showed potent biological activity at the highest concentration of extract, with a strong inhibition of plasmodium growth (71.31%, 83.06% and 80.36%) observed for the hexane, methanol and lyophilized aqueous extracts. Although some extracts are observed to be more potent than others, all extracts are observed to be biologically active against the 3D7 strain of P. falciparum (Hexane extract IC50 = 3.36 µg/mL; methanol IC50 = 3.44 µg/mL and aqueous IC50 = 4.09 µg/mL respectively). The antiplasmodial activities observed may well be attributed to the presence of phenols, tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids in all solvent extracts. Key words: Antiplasmodial, Moringa oleifera, Phytochemical screening, Plasmodium falciparum

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