Antibacterial activities of ethyl acetate and methanol leaf extracts of Psidium guajava and Carica papaya on bacterial pathogens isolated from manual toothbrushes

In Nigeria, rural inhabitants often resort to herbal remedies and dietary control for the treatment and management of various forms of diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted to provide the rationale for the use of Psidium guajava leaves as a potent traditional anti-diabetic remedy. The crude leaf extracts of n-hexane, methanol, and ethyl acetate of Psidium guajava were separately prepared by cold maceration. Then, ethyl acetate crude extract of Psidium guajava leaves was fractionated by column chromatography to yield ethyl acetate bulked fractions: EF-I (1-75), EF-II (76-150), and EF-III (151-250). The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol crude leaf extracts and ethyl acetate bulked fractions (EF-I, EF-II and EF-III) were evaluated for anti-diabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The blood sugar levels of treated and untreated alloxan-induced diabetic mice were assayed as indices of anti-diabetic effect. The phytochemical constituents of both crude extracts and ethyl acetate fractions of Psidium guajava leaves and the mean lethal dose (LD50) of ethyl acetate crude leaf extract of Psidium guajava were determined. The mean lethal dose (LD50) of ethyl acetate crude leaf extract was calculated to be 1500mg/kg b.w. The results indicated that oral administration of ethyl acetate, n-hexane, methanol crude extracts, and ethyl acetate bulked fractions of Psidium guajava leaves at a dose of 100mg/kg b.w on treated groups exhibited much significant[p<0.001, p<0.01and p<0.05]anti-hyperglyceamic effect by ameliorating high blood sugar levels of alloxan-induced diabetic treated mice, while EF-II and EF-III showed non-significant[p>0.05] anti-hyperglyceamic activity for the reduction in blood sugar levels compared with the negative and positive control groups. The anti-diabetic potency of the crude leaf extracts and ethyl acetate fractions were in the order; EC>HC>MC>EF-I>EF-II>EF-III. The results of phytochemical screening of the crude extracts and ethyl acetate bulked fractions showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, and steroids while reducing sugar was absent. The results from this study gives credence to the use of Psidium guajava as an anti-diabetic agent in the management of diabetes mellitus.

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Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Leaf Extracts from Juglans sinensis, and its Phenolic Compositions

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1701201138 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X1701201

Author(s):

Kook-Il Han ◽

Eui-Gil Jung ◽

Bharat Bhusan Patnaik ◽

Chang-Il Hong ◽

Young-Jun Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

High Performance ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Farming Practices ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Concentration Method

The beneficial properties of walnut depend on climate, genotype, and farming practices. We investigated the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Juglans sinensis Dode cultivars grown in South Korea. Antibacterial activities were assessed using the minimum inhibitory concentration method and antioxidant activities using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays. Ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of J. sinensis leaves showed the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus SG511, Klebsiella aerogenes 1522E, and/or Enterobacter cloacae P99. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were found to be highest in the ethyl acetate extract. The total flavonoid and polyphenolic contents in the extract were 219.27 mg/g quercetin equivalents and 245.11 mg/g of gallic acid equivalents, respectively. Phenolic acids (gallic and vanillic) and flavonoids (catechin, rutin, and juglone) were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. We conclude that J. sinensis cultivars provide accessible sources of natural antibacterials and antioxidants.

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Microbicidal effect of medicinal plant extracts (Psidium guajava Linn. and Carica papaya Linn.) upon bacteria isolated from fish muscle and known to induce diarrhea in children

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652001000300005 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 145-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Regine Helena Silva dos Fernandes VIEIRA ◽

Dália dos Prazeres RODRIGUES ◽

Flávia Araújo GONÇALVES ◽

Francisca Gleire Rodrigues de MENEZES ◽

Janisi Sales ARAGÃO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carica Papaya ◽

Low Cost ◽

Fish Muscle ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Fresh Fish ◽

E Coli ◽

Fish Market ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽

Curative Action

Out of the twenty-four samples of shrimp and fish muscle used for this study, twelve were collected near a large marine sewer for waste disposal, 3 km off the coast of Fortaleza (Brazil) and used for the isolation of E. coli. Other twelve were collected at the Mucuripe fresh fish market (Fortaleza, Brazil) and used for the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus. Ethanol, water and acetone-diluted extracts of guava and papaya leaf sprouts were tested on the bacteria in order to verify their microbicidal potential. The E. coli strains used in the trials were rated LT positive. The papaya leaf extracts (Carica papaya Linn) showed no microbicidal activity while the guava sprout extracts (Psidium guajava Linn) displayed halos exceeding 13 mm for both species, an effect considered to be inhibitory by the method employed. Guava sprout extracts by 50% diluted ethanol most effectively inhibited E. coli (EPEC), while those in 50% acetone were less effective. It may be concluded that guava sprout extracts constitute a feasible treatment option for diarrhea caused by E. coli or by S. aureus-produced toxins, due to their quick curative action, easy availability in tropical countries and low cost to the consumer.

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Study on the antibacterial activities of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae

Science and Technology Development Journal ◽

10.32508/stdj.v19i4.635 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 84-94

Author(s):

Ngan Thi My Luong ◽

Linh Thi Thuy Nguyen ◽

Quy Ngoc Nguyen ◽

Huyen Thi Ngoc Pham ◽

Hoa Thi Huynh Truong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽

Long Time ◽

Hospital Acquired

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has been used in folk medicine to treat inflammation and bacterial infections for a long time. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of H. rosa- sinensis leaf extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Both are the major causes of hospital acquired infections. The results showed that the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were similarly active to S. aureus but very weak active to K. pneumoniae. Both of these fractions were subjected to chromatograph using silica gel column eluted with hexane and ethyl acetate, and yielded 24 hexane subfractions (H1–H24) and 25 ethyl acetate subfractions (E1–E25). All subfractions had no or little activities to K. pneumoniae. Subfractions as H4, H14–H16, and E1, E7, E17–E19 had strong activities against S. aureus. Especially, E7 subfraction exhibited the strongest activity with MIC and MBC values of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/mL, respectively. GC-MS data showed that the main constituents of the E7 subfraction were neophytadiene, trans-phytol and 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol.

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Anti-hyperglyceamic Effects of Psidium guajava LINN Crude Leaf Extracts and Fractions in Alloxan- induced Diabetic Mice.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-812096/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eze Uchenna Nwabunwanne ◽

Eze Anthonius Anayaochukwu ◽

Ugwu Chukwuebuka Victor ◽

Onuoha Maxwell ◽

Ubenyi Stanley Mary

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Crude Leaf Extract ◽

The Mean ◽

Sugar Levels

Abstract In Nigeria, rural inhabitants often resort to herbal remedies and dietary control for the treatment and management of various forms of diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted to provide the rationale for the use of Psidium guajava leaves as a potent traditional antidiabetic remedy. The crude leaf extracts of n-hexane, methanol, and ethyl acetate of Psidium guajava were separately prepared by cold maceration. Then, the ethyl acetate crude extract of Psidium guajava leaves was fractionated by column chromatography to yield ethyl acetate bulked fractions: EF-I (1-75), EF-II (76-150), and EF- III (151-250). The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol crude leaf extracts and ethyl acetate bulked fractions (EF-I, EF-II, and EF-III) were evaluated for antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The blood sugar levels of treated and untreated alloxan-induced diabetic mice were assayed as indices of antidiabetic effect. The phytochemical constituents of both crude extracts and ethyl acetate fractions of Psidium guajava leaves and the mean lethal dose (LD50) of ethyl acetate crude leaf extract of Psidium guajava were determined. The mean lethal dose (LD50) of ethyl acetate crude leaf extract was calculated to be 1500mg/kg b.w. The results indicated that oral administration of ethyl acetate, n-hexane, methanol crude extract, and ethyl acetate bulked fractions of Psidium guajava leaves at a dose of 100mg/kg b.w on treated groups exhibited much significant[p<0.001, p<0.01and p<0.05]anti- hyperglyceamic effect by ameliorating high blood sugar levels of alloxan-induced diabetic treated mice, while EF-II and EF-III showed non-significant[p>0.05] anti-hyperglyceamic activity for the reduction in blood sugar levels compared with the negative and positive control groups. The anti- diabetic potency of the crude leaf extracts and ethyl acetate fractions were in the order; EC>HC>MC>EF-I>EF-II>EF-III. The results of phytochemical screening of the crude extracts and ethyl acetate bulked fractions showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, and steroids while reducing sugar was absent. The results from this study give credence to the use of Psidium guajava as an antidiabetic agent in the management of diabetes mellitus.

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Fabrication and Antibacterial Effects of Polycarbonate/Leaf Extract Based Thin Films

Journal of Materials ◽

10.1155/2016/3194154 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. Mahendran ◽

D. Sridharan ◽

C. Arunmozhidevan ◽

T. A. Selvakumar ◽

P. Rajasekar

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Blending Method

We have reported the preparation and antibacterial activities of leaf extract incorporated polycarbonate thin films to improve the antibacterial characteristics of host polycarbonates (PCs). Crude extracts of Azadirachta indica, Psidium guajava, Acalypha indica, Andrographis paniculata, and Ocimum sanctum were prepared by maceration using Dimethylformamide as solvent. The leaf extracts (LE) were incorporated into the PC matrix by solution blending method, and the thin films were fabricated by Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS) technique. The antibacterial activities of the as-prepared films were evaluated against E. coli and S. aureus by disk diffusion method. The inhibitory effects of the PC/LE films are higher for S. aureus than the E. coli, but pristine PC film did not exhibit any remarkable antibacterial characteristics. Further, the model fruit (Prunus) studies revealed that the PC/LE films retained the freshness of the fruits for more than 11 days. This study demonstrates that the PC/LE films have excellent antibacterial activities; thus, the films could be promising candidate for active antibacterial packaging applications.

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Anti-hyperglyceamic Effects of Psidium guajava LINN Crude Leaf Extracts and Fractions in Alloxan- induced Diabetic Mice.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-812096/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eze Uchenna Nwabunwanne ◽

Eze Anthonius Anayaochukwu ◽

Ugwu Chukwuebuka Victor ◽

Onuoha Maxwell ◽

Ubenyi Stanley Mary

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Crude Leaf Extract ◽

The Mean ◽

Sugar Levels

Abstract In Nigeria, rural inhabitants often resort to herbal remedies and dietary control for the treatment and management of various forms of diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted to provide the rationale for the use of Psidium guajava leaves as a potent traditional antidiabetic remedy. The crude leaf extracts of n-hexane, methanol, and ethyl acetate of Psidium guajava were separately prepared by cold maceration. Then, the ethyl acetate crude extract of Psidium guajava leaves was fractionated by column chromatography to yield ethyl acetate bulked fractions: EF-I (1–75), EF-II (76–150), and EF- III (151–250). The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol crude leaf extracts and ethyl acetate bulked fractions (EF-I, EF-II, and EF-III) were evaluated for antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The blood sugar levels of treated and untreated alloxan-induced diabetic mice were assayed as indices of antidiabetic effect. The phytochemical constituents of both crude extracts and ethyl acetate fractions of Psidium guajava leaves and the mean lethal dose (LD50) of ethyl acetate crude leaf extract of Psidium guajava were determined. The mean lethal dose (LD50) of ethyl acetate crude leaf extract was calculated to be 1500mg/kg b.w. The results indicated that oral administration of ethyl acetate, n-hexane, methanol crude extract, and ethyl acetate bulked fractions of Psidium guajava leaves at a dose of 100mg/kg b.w on treated groups exhibited much significant[p < 0.001, p < 0.01and p < 0.05]anti- hyperglyceamic effect by ameliorating high blood sugar levels of alloxan-induced diabetic treated mice, while EF-II and EF-III showed non-significant[p > 0.05] anti-hyperglyceamic activity for the reduction in blood sugar levels compared with the negative and positive control groups. The anti- diabetic potency of the crude leaf extracts and ethyl acetate fractions were in the order; EC > HC > MC > EF-I > EF-II > EF-III. The results of phytochemical screening of the crude extracts and ethyl acetate bulked fractions showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, and steroids while reducing sugar was absent. The results from this study give credence to the use of Psidium guajava as an antidiabetic agent in the management of diabetes mellitus.

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Exploring the Efficacy of Aqueous Extracts of Malus domestica var Anna, Prunus persica, Ricinus Communis and Carica papaya Against Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

10.20944/preprints202112.0089.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Malini Bhattacharyya ◽

Sudeep Semwal ◽

Jyoti Thapliyal ◽

Babita Patni

Keyword(s):

Malus Domestica ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Leaf Extracts

Medicinal plants have antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. More or less all plants have medicinal properties. In this research article, we have selected four economically important plants (three fruit plants and an economically important plant), Malus domestica Borkh., Prunus persica L., Ricinus communis L., and Carica papaya L. found in several areas of Indian state Uttarakhand. Using the methanolic extract of leaves, we have screened those four plants against four human pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus. For our experiment we have screened the methanolic leaf extracts of four plants against the above-mentioned bacteria. Statistical analysis was also performed for validation. Result revealed the said bacteria have potential antibacterial activities. So, these leaves can be used for clinical trial. These plants can also be used for making herbal medicines.

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Phytochemical analysis and salivary amylase inhibition activities of Carica papaya leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarp extracts and partially purified fractions

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research ◽

10.24896/eijppr.2016616 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Michael Russelle Alvarez ◽

Paolo Robert Bueno ◽

Raymond Oliver Cruz ◽

Richard Macapulay ◽

Francis Jayson Vallesfin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Uv Light ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Salivary Amylase ◽

Garcinia Mangostana ◽

Leaf Extracts

Plant-derived digestive enzyme inhibitors particularly those targeted to carbohydrate metabolism has been the focus of recent studies as natural supplements for weight control and diabetes. The present study explores the salivary amylase inhibition activity of Garcinia mangostana (Linn.) pericarp extracts and Carica papaya (Linn.) leaf extracts and fractions, as well as perform phytochemical screening and quantification, and thin layer – and high performance liquid chromatographic profiling. Results show that crude extracts and purified fractions were able to inhibit salivary amylase, with C. papaya fraction 1 being the most active at 30.89% inhibition. Phytochemical screening of all extracts tested positive for tannins, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. Quantification of phenolics showed that extracts contained high levels of phenolics, with C. papaya crude extract having the highest content with 219.0±12.7 mg GAE/g extract followed by G. mangostana crude extract with 247.1±18.0 mg GAE/g extract. Quantification of total flavonoids also showed C. papaya crude extract to contain the highest content with 55.12±0.679 mg QE/g extract. All extracts contained negligible alkaloid content, though. HPLC and TLC profiling showed several peaks and bands, when viewed in 210 nm and UV light, respectively. These results demonstrate in vitro the salivary amylase inhibitory activity of both plants and their potential as antidiabetic drug candidates; however, further studies need to be done, like isolation and structure elucidation of active components and toxicity assays. Keywords: Amylase inhibition, phytochemical quantification, Carica papaya, Garcinia mangostana

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Antibacterial Activities of Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Leaf Extracts

Current Biochemistry ◽

10.29244/cb.5.3.1-10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Puspa Julistia Puspita ◽

Mega Safithri ◽

Nirmala Peni Sugiharti

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibacterial Agent ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Herbal Plants

Piper crocatum is one of medicinal herbal plants with a large number of benefits. Usually herbal plants have activity as antibacterial agent. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to obtain information on antibacterial activities of the leaf extracts of Piper crocatum againts four types of bacteria, in that Staphylococcus, Bacillus substilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and then to analyze the phytochemistry of the leaf extracts of Piper crocatum. The leaves of Piper crocatum were extracted by maceration and reflux using ethanol 30%. The assays of the antibacterial activities and phytochemistry on the extracts were carried out using the method of Maria Bintang. Results showed that the yield of the extraction using ethanol by maceration method was 20.8%. Meanwhile, using the reflux method, the yield was obtained about 26.25%. The phytochemistry analysis showed that the leaf extracts of Piper crocatum contained alkaloid, steroid and tanin. According to this study, it was found that the leaf extract of Piper crocatum can be used to inhibit the growth of B. subtilis and P. aeuruginosa, but can not inhibit the growth of E.coli and S. aureus.

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