Mapping of Podoconiosis Cases and Risk Factors in Kenya: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadley Matendechero Sultani ◽  
Collins Okoyo ◽  
Henry M. Kanyi ◽  
Sammy M. Njenga ◽  
Wyckliff P. Omondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tana River

Podoconiosis is a type of tropical lymphedema that is clinically distinguished from lymphatic filariasis (LF) because it is ascending and commonly bilateral but asymmetric. The disease is a result of a genetically determined inflammatory reaction to long-term exposure to mineral particles in irritant red clay soils derived mainly from volcanic soils. We conducted the first nationwide mapping of the prevalence and risk factors of podoconiosis in Kenya. We performed a population-based cross-sectional survey to determine the national prevalence of podoconiosis and included 6,228 individuals from 48 villages in 24 sub-counties across 15 counties. Participants answered a questionnaire about the history of symptoms compatible with podoconiosis, received a point-of-care antigen test, and underwent a physical examination if they had lymphedema. A confirmed case of podoconiosis was defined as a case in a resident of the study village who had lower limb bilateral and asymmetric lymphedema lasting more than 1 year, negative test results for Wuchereria bancrofti antigen, and other causes of lymphedema ruled out. Of all the individuals surveyed, 89 had lymphedema; of those, 16 of 6228 (0.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1–0.5) were confirmed to have podoconiosis. A high prevalence of podoconiosis was found in western (Siaya, 3.1%; Busia, 0.9%) and central (Meru, 1.1%) regions, and a low prevalence was observed in northern (Marsabit, 0.2%), eastern (Makueni, 0.2%), and coastal (Tana River, 0.1%) regions. The identified risk factors were age 56 years or older (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.66; 95% CI, 2.32–13.83; P < 0.001) and rarely wearing shoes (aOR, 18.92; 95% CI, 4.55–78.71; P < 0.001). These results indicated that the podoconiosis prevalence is low and localized in Kenya; therefore, elimination is achievable if appropriate disease prevention, management, and behavioral strategies are promoted.

scholarly journals Interaction of diabetes and smoking on stroke: A population-based cross-sectional survey in China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heqing Lou ◽  
Zongmei Dong ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Xiaoping Shao ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
List Type ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectivesDiabetes and smoking are known independent risk factors for stroke; however, their interaction concerning stroke is less clear. We aimed to explore such interaction and its influence on stroke in Chinese adults.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingCommunity-based investigation in Xuzhou, China.ParticipantsA total of 39,887 Chinese adults who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included.MethodsParticipants were selected using a multi-stage stratified cluster method, and completed self-reported questionnaires on stroke and smoking. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) was assessed by fasting blood glucose or use of antidiabetic medication. Interaction, relative excess risk owing to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy index (S) were evaluated using a logistic regression model.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, sex, marital status, educational level, occupation, physical activity, body mass index, hypertension, family history of stroke, alcohol use, and blood lipids, the relationships between DM2 and stroke, and between smoking and stroke, were still significant: odds ratios were 2.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.03–3.73) and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.38–2.10), respectively. In subjects with DM2 who smoked, the RERI, AP, and S values (and 95% CIs) were 1.80 (1.24–3.83), 0.52 (0.37–0.73), and 1.50 (1.18–1.84), respectively.ConclusionsThe results suggest there are additive interactions between DM2 and smoking and that these affect stroke in Chinese adults.Article Summary: Strengths and limitations of this studyThe strengths of this study were that a large sample population was randomly selected from the general population of Xuzhou and many confounding risk factors were adjusted for.Owing to the cross-sectional design, we could not determine a causal combined relationship among diabetes, smoking and stroke.We were not able to control for some important and well-known risk factors of diabetes, such as heart rate and cardiovascular causes.We did not measure fresh fruit consumption, which is causally related to stroke.

scholarly journals The characteristics and risk factors of human papillomavirus infection: an outpatient population-based study in Changsha, Hunan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingsi Gao ◽  
Yu-Ligh Liou ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Lingxiao Zou ◽  
Waixing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Test Kit

AbstractThis cross-sectional study investigated the characteristics of cervical HPV infection in Changsha area and explored the influence of Candida vaginitis on this infection. From 11 August 2017 to 11 September 2018, 12,628 outpatient participants ranged from 19 to 84 years old were enrolled and analyzed. HPV DNA was amplified and tested by HPV GenoArray Test Kit. The vaginal ecology was detected by microscopic and biochemistry examinations. The diagnosis of Candida vaginitis was based on microscopic examination (spores, and/or hypha) and biochemical testing (galactosidase) for vaginal discharge by experts. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.4. Continuous and categorical variables were analyzed by t-tests and by Chi-square tests, respectively. HPV infection risk factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Of the total number of participants, 1753 were infected with HPV (13.88%). Females aged ≥ 40 to < 50 years constituted the largest population of HPV-infected females (31.26%). The top 5 HPV subtypes affecting this population of 1753 infected females were the following: HPV-52 (28.01%), HPV-58 (14.83%), CP8304 (11.47%), HPV-53 (10.84%), and HPV-39 (9.64%). Age (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1–1.01; P < 0.05) and alcohol consumption (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.09–1.56; P < 0.01) were found to be risk factors for HPV infection. However, the presence of Candida in the vaginal flora was found to be a protective factor against HPV infection (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.48–0.8; P < 0.001). Comparing with our previous study of 2016, we conclude that the subtype distribution of HPV infection is relatively constant in Changsha. Our data suggest a negative correlation between vaginal Candida and HPV, however, more radical HPV management is required in this area for perimenopausal women and those who regularly consume alcohol.

scholarly journals Gender-specific physical activity-related injuries and risk factors among university students in China: a multicentre population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e040865
Author(s):  
Weicong Cai ◽  
Shangmin Chen ◽  
Liping Li ◽  
Pengying Yue ◽  
Xiaofan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
University Students ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese University ◽  
Gender Specific

ObjectivesData on the problem of physical activity-related injury (PARI) in university students and the risk factors for PARI among different genders are rare. We conducted a multicentre population-based study to investigate the occurrence of PARI and to explore the gender-specific risk factors for PARI among Chinese university students.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsA total of 5341 students in grades 1–3 at eight universities in four Chinese cities were selected to complete the online questionnaires during March and April 2017. The questionnaires assessed sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity PA) involvement, sleep duration, sedentary behaviour and PARI experiences in the past 12 months.Main outcome measuresPARI during the past 12 months.ResultsAmong the 5341 participants, 1293 suffered from at least one PARI in the past 12 months, with an overall incidence rate of 24.2% (males: 26.2%, females: 23.2%) and an injury risk of 0.38 injuries/student/year (males: 0.48, females: 0.32). Over half of the injured (57.3%) experienced a withdrawal time of PA and nearly two-fifths (39.6%) required medical attention. Irrespective of gender, Shantou and Xi’an students, sports team members and those who engaged in sports and leisure-time vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) at a higher frequency were more likely to suffer from PARI. Male students who participated in sports and leisure-time VPA for long durations had a greater likelihood of sustaining PARI, while having a chronic condition and being involved in sports and leisure-time moderate-intensity PA at a higher frequency and longer duration were potential contributors to PARI among females.ConclusionsThe occurrence of PARI and its risk factors differed by gender, which provides a direction towards developing targeted and effective gender-specific preventative programmes to protect Chinese university students from PARI.

Risk factors for cervical cancer in greenland and Denmark: A population-based cross-sectional study

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne K. Kjaer ◽  
Chantal Telsen ◽  
Birthe J. Haugaard ◽  
Elsebeth Lynge ◽  
René B. Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Prevalence of stroke and associated risk factors: a population based cross sectional study from northeast China

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e015758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Liang Zhang ◽  
Zhen-Ni Guo ◽  
Yan-Hua Wu ◽  
Hao-Yuan Liu ◽  
Yun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Haemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cerebrovascular Risk ◽  
Lack Of Exercise ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

ObjectivesEpidemiological studies aimed at stroke and its risk factors can help identify persons at higher risk and therefore promote stroke prevention strategies. We aimed to explore the current prevalence of stroke and its associated risk factors in northeast China.DesignPopulation based cross sectional study.SettingData were collected using a structured precoded questionnaire designed by the Stroke Screening and Prevention Programme of the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, between January and March 2016.Participants4100 permanent residents, aged 40 years or older, who had lived in Dehui City of Jilin Province for more than 6 months volunteered to participate in the survey, with a response rate of 92.2%. For the purpose of the present analysis, 48 subjects were excluded due to missing values, giving a total of 4052 people included in this analysis.Main outcome measureThe questionnaire included demographic characteristics, stroke related behavioural factors, personal and family medical history of stroke, physical examination and laboratory testing.ResultsThe overall prevalence of stroke in Jilin Province was 7.2% (95% CI 6.3% to 8.2%). Of all stroke cases, 91.7% (95% CI 87.4% to 94.6%) were ischaemic stroke and 8.3% (95% CI 5.4% to 12.6%) were haemorrhagic stroke. The prevalence rates of dyslipidaemia, smoking and hypertension were ranked as the top three cerebrovascular risk factors and were 62.1%, 61.8% and 57.3%, respectively. We found that hypertension, dyslipidaemia and lack of exercise were associated with ischaemic stroke. However, only hypertension (OR=4.064, 95% CI 1.358 to 12.160) was significantly associated with haemorrhagic stroke.ConclusionsThe prevalence of stroke, especially ischaemic stroke, and associated cerebrovascular risk factors among adults aged 40 years or older in northeast China were high. A higher regional prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and lack of exercise may be responsible.

scholarly journals Application of smartphones in dermatology practice: a cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Priya Prabhakaran Nair ◽  
Leela Manju
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Clinical Photography ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Level Of Training

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Smartphones have revolutionised medical practice including dermatology because of its multiple functions assisting practitioners at the point of care and beyond. We aimed to analyse the pattern of smartphone use by dermatologists and to explore their opinions and difficulties faced while using smartphone</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study included a population of dermatology consultants and residents in Kerala, India. A validated self-reported questionnaire was emailed to them using a survey tool to collect the data</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Overall 100 practitioners responded to the questionnaire with a response rate 10.6%. Consultants and residents accounted for 81% and 19% of the participants respectively. Females (78%) outnumbered males. Most (58.6%) belonged to age group 31-40 years. Everyone owned a smartphone with the most prevalent operating system (OS) being android (85.9%). Medical communication was done mostly using phone calls (92%). Drug reference (94%) was the most popular noncommunicative application. Most participants (85%) used smartphone camera for clinical photography. OS freezing was the biggest technical issue whereas inappropriate use and distraction were the biggest nontechnical challenges of smartphone use. Clinical photography was taken by 95% for disease monitoring with significantly higher usage in females. Those upto 40 years of age significantly took and shared clinical photographs for second opinion more than older ones. Only 17.2% with significantly higher males than females took written consent for photography.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Dermatologists use smartphone extensively for communication, information and photography with preferences varying with age, gender and level of training.</p>

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