Chemistry of the Brake Emissions: Influence of the Test Cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Mancini ◽  
Bozhena Tsyupa ◽  
Sonia Pin ◽  
Marco Bandiera ◽  
Federico Bertasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Cycle

FEATURES OF APPLICATION OF SMALL RECONNAISSANCE ROBOT

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zinko ◽  
P. Kazan ◽  
D. Khaustov ◽  
O. Bilyk
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Test Cycle ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Human Losses

A small intelligence robot (SSR) is a special military intelligence means. It is used to obtain information about the enemy - the collection of intelligence, the search for targets and target indication, observation of the situation, etc. The use of a small intelligence robot is assumed in various natural and climatic conditions: in temperate terrain, on soils with low bearing capacity, at low temperatures, in the desert, on sandy and marshy soils, on rocky soils, in elevated temperature and dustiness of air, and also in conditions highlands In the article an overview of modern developments of remotely controlled robotic military complexes, principles of their construction and perspective directions of development in the armed forces are reviewed. The issues of robotization of existing weapons and military equipment are considered. Every sample of a SSR used in combat action must possess all combat characteristics at once in an optimal ratio between them, ensuring its maximum effectiveness. Ignoring any of the properties or enhancing one property at the expense of others will not enable the full realization of the small surveillance robot. It is reasonable to select the relevant properties at the design stage, using the possibilities of mathematical modeling. The set of tactical and technical characteristics of the SSR allowed forming this. Its characteristics determine the scope and possibilities of application. The mathematical model of the SSR motion is written in the Matlab Simulink environment. Recorded mathematical model of SSR motion, formed single test cycle and input data allowed to conduct computer simulation of motion in possible conditions of operation of small surveillance robot.The single trial cycle presented contains a set of individual sites and reproduces the testing test cycle of a real polygon. On the basis of the developed tactical and technical characteristics of the SSR, the experimental sample was made. An example of the use of SSR for the intelligence of the settlement and at keeping the node of barriers has been provided. The efficiency of performing intelligence units’ tasks and reducing the risk of human losses are shown.

Analysis of emissions from various driving cycles based on real driving measurements obtained in a high-altitude city

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (6) ◽  
pp. 1563-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Lyu ◽  
Xiaofeng Bao ◽  
Yunjing Wang ◽  
Ronald Matthews
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Real World ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Test Cycle ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
And Control ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

Vehicle emissions standards and regulations remain weak in high-altitude regions. In this study, vehicle emissions from both the New European Driving Cycle and the Worldwide harmonized Light-duty driving Test Cycle were analyzed by employing on-road test data collected from typical roads in a high-altitude city. On-road measurements were conducted on five light-duty vehicles using a portable emissions measurement system. The certification cycle parameters were synthesized from real-world driving data using the vehicle specific power methodology. The analysis revealed that under real-world driving conditions, all emissions were generally higher than the estimated values for both the New European Driving Cycle and Worldwide harmonized Light-duty driving Test Cycle. Concerning emissions standards, more CO, NOx, and hydrocarbons were emitted by China 3 vehicles than by China 4 vehicles, whereas the CO2 emissions exhibited interesting trends with vehicle displacement and emissions standards. These results have potential implications for policymakers in regard to vehicle emissions management and control strategies aimed at emissions reduction, fleet inspection, and maintenance programs.

scholarly journals Impact of ethanol containing gasoline blends on emissions from a flex-fuel vehicle tested over the Worldwide Harmonized Light duty Test Cycle (WLTC)

Fuel ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Suarez-Bertoa ◽  
A.A. Zardini ◽  
H. Keuken ◽  
C. Astorga
Keyword(s):  
Test Cycle ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Flex Fuel

Use of the West Virginia University Truck Test Cycle to Evaluate Emissions from Class 8 Trucks

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Clark ◽  
J. Todd Messer ◽  
David L. McKain ◽  
Wenguang Wang ◽  
Reda M. Bata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Test Cycle ◽  
West Virginia University ◽  
The West

ONE-THOUSAND-HOUR ENGINE DURABILITY TEST WITH HYSEE AND USING A 5X-EMA TEST CYCLE

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Peterson ◽  
J. C. Thompson ◽  
J. S. Taberski
Keyword(s):  
Test Cycle ◽  
Durability Test

scholarly journals МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЯ ПРОГРАМНО-ТЕХНІЧНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ ПТК-МСБ-2 ДЛЯ АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЇ РЕСУРСНИХ ВИПРОБУВАНЬ ВЕРТОЛЬОТІВ

2018 ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
Нина Николаевна Лопунова ◽  
Вадим Владимирович Нерубасский
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
Control Panel ◽  
General Description ◽  
Test Cycle ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Test Stage ◽  
Communication Device ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Technical Complex

Today, Motor Sich JSC is developing its helicopter production. At the same time, great attention is paid to the creation of an infrastructure that should provide a full cycle of development and testing of new and modernized  helicopter assemblies. For resource testing of the power plant, the carrier system and transmission of the MSB-2 helicopter was created an open stand. To modernization the stand the program-technical complex PTK-MSB-2 was developed and implemented.A general description of the composition and structure of the open rig for resource testing of the MSB-2 light helicopter is given. The rig equipment includes a control panel with helicopter remote control, power supplies, sensors and actuators, communication channels. The control panel allows performing all technological operations for start/stop of two AI-450M turboshaft engines, helicopter remote control along seven channels (using seven servo-amplifiers/servomotors). It is indicated that the main means of automation of the rig is the PTC-MSB-2 program-technical complex. The basic elements and principles of operation of the hardware of PTC-MSB-2 are described. PTC-MSB-2 hardware consists of two hierarchical levels: the lower and the upper. Lower level consists of the cabs of the communication device with the object. The upper level of the PTC is two workstations (WS1 and WS2) and matrix printer. The software tools of PTC-MSB-2, their main functions and features of functioning are considered in detail. It is noted that the Running the software components is possible when the individual measuring channels fail, and when the WS2 fails. At the same time, the functions of the failed components are terminated.The goals of the modernization of the PTC-MSB-2 are listed, the principles for the implementation of algorithms for emergency protection and automation of helicopter resource testing are described. The chosen principle of automation of cyclic tests is based on the concepts of test mode, test cycle and test stage. There is a normal and emergency interruption of the test cycle. With a normal interruption, it is possible to resume the test stage from the next test cycle. The features of testing automation in regular and abnormal situations are briefly described.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PARAGRAF DESKRIPTIF SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 02 BENGKULU TENGAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE MENULIS BERANTAI (ESTAFET WRITING)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Heni Puspita
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Cycle ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Average Value ◽  
School Year ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Photo Documentation

The purpose of this study for improve the students class X1 skill of SMAN 2 Central Bengkulu Tengah in write descriptive paragraph with estafet writing method. This study design is the design of classroom action research conducted in two cycles, the first cycle and the second cycle. Collecting data on the first cycle and the second cycle using test technique and nontest. The test used is a test action in the form of assignment to write a description, whereas nontest techniques used in the form of guidelines for observation, the journal guidelines, interview guides, and photo documentation guidelines. Data analysis technique of this research is qualitative and quantitative. Quantitative techniques are used to analyze and compare test results pre-cycle, the first cycle, the second cycle, and qualitative techniques used to analyze and compare the results nontest in the first cycle and the second cycle. Based on the analysis of research data, in class X1 totaling 30 students can be concluded that by using the estafet writing method can increase the skill of writing a paragraph descriptive. In the first cycle, the value of an average of 71.65% in the second cycle, the average value of 88.73%, an increase of 17.08%. This means that there is an increase in the skill of writing a paragraph descriptive of the students with estafet writing method. This increase can be seen from the results of tests conducted students in class X SMAN 2 Central Bengkulu 2016/2017 school year that includes the end of the test cycle test cycle I and II.  

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