scholarly journals Relationship Between Chemical Component and In Vitro Digestibility of Tropical Grasses

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRAPTI MAHYUDDIN
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Component ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Tropical Grasses

Temperature influences on the in vitro digestibility and soluble carbohydrate accumulation of tropical and temperate grasses

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Wilson ◽  
CW Ford
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Carbohydrate Accumulation ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Stage Of Development

Thirteen tropical or subtropical and 11 temperate grasses were grown in controlled environment under daylnight temperatures of 21/13, 27/19, and 32/24�C. Each plant was harvested 2 days after the fifth leaf on the main stem reached maximum length; other plants of Panicum maximum var. trichoglume and Lolium perenne cv. S.24 grown under the same conditions were also harvested 4, 8, 12, and 18 days after this stage of development. There was a consistent decline in the in vitro digestibility of most of the temperate grasses with increase in temperature from 21/13 to 32/24�C. This decline averaged about 5 digestibility units and was associated with a fall in the percentage of soluble carbohydrates. In contrast, temperature had little effect on the digestibility of most of the tropical grasses. However, in later harvests of Panicum the digestibility at 27/19 and 32/24� was consistently lower than at 21/13�. This was attributed to the more advanced growth stages at the higher temperatures. The temperate grasses accumulated much higher concentrations of soluble carbohydrate than the tropical grasses.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and in Vitro Digestibility of Five Heavily Fertilized Tropical Grasses in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
S. Tessema ◽  
R. E. McDowell ◽  
P. J. Van Soest ◽  
A. Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis

Samples from five tropical grass species: Guinea (Panicum maximum), Pangola (Digitaria decumbens), Congo (Brachiaria ruziziensis), Merker (Pennisetum purpureum), and Star (Cynodon nlemfuensis), were harvested during nine weeks at ages from 7 to 63 days in southwestern Puerto Rico. The grasses were fertilized at the rate of 4480 kg/ha per year with a 15-5-10 fertilizer. The crude protein content of all grasses exceeded 10 percent up through 28 days of regrowth. Grasses declined in crude protein from a mean of 18.1 percent at 7 days to 5.6 percent at 63 days. A narrower range was observed between grasses from 42 to 63 days. The five tropical grasses possessed high contents of structural carbohydrates, principally cellulose and lignin, which increased with age, except in Pangola grass. Silica did not change uniformly with age in any of the grasses while hemicellulose was characterized by marked fluctuations. Digestibility values were lower at all stages of growth than in temperate forages of similar ages. Cellulose was negatively correlated with in vitro digestibility in all grasses except Pangola. Lignin appeared to be the predominant factor in determining digestibility. The relationship of silica to digestibility varied between species, being positive in some (Guinea and Congo) and negative in others (Star, Pangola, and Merker). The grasses may be ranked as follows with regard to their chemical composition and digestibility: Merker > Congo > Star > Guinea > Pangola. Pangola grass, though lowest in in vitro digestibility, declined least with advancing age, thus maintaining a more constant quality for a longer period of time.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Digestibility of Tropical Grasses

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-200
Author(s):  
H. Kayongo-Male ◽  
J. W. Thomas ◽  
D. E. Ullrey ◽  
R. J. Deans ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Tropical Grasses

One hundred and one tropical grasses, lightly fertilized with ammonium nitrate at the rate of 350 kg/ha, were harvested by hand (machete) at 30 days of growth. Crude protein content ranged from 9.8 to 23.8% while lignin content ranged from 2.6 to 7.9%. Wide ranges in the percentage of neutral-detergent fiber (45.7 to 79.2%), acid-detergent fiber (30.9 to 45.3%), hemicellulose (11.7 to 37.5%), and silica (0.4 to 5.5%) were obtained. Digestibility estimates obtained by the Tilley and Terry method and neutral-detergent fiber digestibilities had wide ranges: 42.6 to 66.0% and 22.0 to 62.0%, respectively. Total dry matter disappearance ranged from 44.3 to 78.2%. Digestibility estimates from predictive equations ranged from 74.0 to 94.5% for estimated digestible dry matter, 67.3 to 91.7% for estimated true digestible dry matter, and 54.4 to 78.8% for estimated apparent digestible dry matter. Analysis of variance showed significant variations between and within genera, indicating a possibility of genetic improvement through selection for high nutritive value. Silica was variably correlated with digestibility depending on genera. Acid-detergent fiber seemed more important than lignin in determining digestibility values. The significance of the term L/ADF in relation to digestibility estimates among all data and among genera was much less for in vitro estimates than for estimates calculated from predictive equations. This may indicate that lignification of cellulose has less influence on digestibility of tropical than of temperate forages. The estimated digestibility values based on fibrous constituents were poorly correlated to in vitro digestibility values, indicating inadequacy of using predictive equations developed for temperate forages with tropical grasses. Correlation coefficients between measured parameters showed great variation among four genera: Paspalum, Pennisetum, Digitaria, and Panicum.

scholarly journals Climate, nitrogen and grass. 6. Comparison of yield and chemical composition of some temperate and tropical grass species grown at different temperatures.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Deinum ◽  
J.G.P. Dirven
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis

For part 5 see NAR 43, 148. 6. Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea and 2 tropical grasses, Axonopus compressus and Brachiaria ruziziensis, were grown in pots under day/night temperatures of 19 deg /12 deg , 24 deg /18 deg , 28 deg /23 deg and 34 deg /30 deg C and regrowth was cut after 18 and 35 days. The stemmy Brachiaria was much more productive than the others which remained vegetative. The optimum production temperature was 24 deg or less for the temperate grasses but >30 deg for the others. Yield was greatest after 35 days and with high N fertilization. Lolium had the highest average content of N, soluble carbohydrates and digestibility in vitro and Brachiaria the lowest. Digestibility declined with increase in temperature and age, most for Brachiaria. These effects were caused by an increase in content of cell-wall constituents and a decrease in their digestibility. N fertilization had no effect on digestibility. Results support the hypothesis that the low digestibility of tropical grasses is mainly due to the high temperature during growth but may be improved appreciably if stem formation is suppressed. ADDITIONAL ABSTRACT: Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Axonopus compressus and Brachiaria ruziziensis were grown in pots in a glasshouse under day/night temperatures of 19/12, 24/18, 28/23 or 34/30 deg C with intermediate or high N and regrowth was harvested after 18 and 35 days. Reproductive B. ruziziensis was much more productive than the other vegetative species. Optimum day temperature for production was 24 deg or lower for temperate grasses but >30 deg for tropical species. L. perenne had the highest contents of N and soluble carbohydrates and in vitro digestibility and B. ruziziensis the lowest, differences being smallest at the low temperature. There was a consistent decline in digestibility of all species with increase in temperature and age which was correlated with an increase in cell wall constituents but was not related to amount of N applied. [For Part 5 see HbA 43, 1557] (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

High-Pressure Homogenization Alters Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Digestibility of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea Opposita Thunb.) Starch

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Wang Yi-Wei ◽  
He Yong-Zhao ◽  
An Feng-Ping ◽  
Huang Qun ◽  
Zeng Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Cross Polarization ◽  
Chinese Yam ◽  
Crystal Type

In this study, Chinese yam starch-water suspension (8%) were subjected to high-pressure homogenization (HPH) at 100 MPa for increasing cycle numbers, and its effect of on the physicochemical properties of the starch was investigated. Results of the polarizing microscope observations showed that the starch granules were disrupted (i.e. greater breakdown value) after HPH treatment, followed by a decrease in cross polarization. After three HPH cycles, the crystallinity of starch decreased, while the crystal type remained unaltered. Meanwhile, the contents of rapidly digestible starch and slowly digestible starch were increased. On the contrary, resistant starch content was decreased. Our results indicate that HPH treatment resulted in reduction of starch crystallinity and increase of starch digestibility.

scholarly journals DATA ON THE IN-VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF ACID GELS PREPARED FROM BREWERS’ SPENT GRAIN PROTEIN ISOLATES

Data in Brief ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107160
Author(s):  
Thierry HELLEBOIS ◽  
Claire GAIANI ◽  
Cédric PARIS ◽  
Sébastien PLANCHON ◽  
Jenny RENAUT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Protein Isolates ◽  
Spent Grain

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of some selected under-utilized tropical seeds as protein sources in ruminants’ diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Bode Omotoso ◽  
Mary Oluwafunmilayo Adeduntan ◽  
Adebowale Noah Fajemisin
Keyword(s):  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Monodora Myristica

Abstract Background The study highlighted the potential of three common and under-utilized tropical leguminous seeds (Tomentosa nilotica, Dioclea reflexa and Monodora myristica) to be used as supplementary feed to ruminant livestock. These seeds (their plants inclusive) are valuable sources of food and medicine for the prevention of illness and maintenance of human health. The medicinal properties of these seeds include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immuno-stimulant. Trypsin inhibitors, which are common anti-nutritional factors in legumes and for monogastric animals, do not exert adverse effects in ruminants because they are degraded in the rumen. Hence, the crux of this study is to examine the effect of processing methods on the nutritional composition (proximate, fibre fractions, minerals, anti-nutrients) and in vitro digestibility of Tomentosa nilotica, Dioclea reflexa and Monodora myristica seeds and their suitability as feedstuff (protein sources) in small ruminant feed, particularly during off-season. Results From the results, raw Tomentosa nilotica and Monodora myristica have the highest crude protein (30.35% CP) and fat (22.40% EE), respectively. It is noteworthy that roasting best improve the mineral and significantly reduce the anti-nutrients observed in this study better compared to boiling and soaking methods. The highest organic matter digestibility, short-chain fatty acids, metabolizable energy and in vitro dry matter digestibility values were obtained in Dioclea reflexa compared to other test seeds. Roasting best improved the nutritive values, while Dioclea reflexa seed was rated highest for all the nutritional attributes and in vitro digestibility. Conclusions Dioclea reflexa could be incorporated in ruminants’ diet as protein source, particularly during the off-season, for improved ruminant production in Nigeria. However, in vivo study is therefore recommended to validate this report.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Microstructural Characterization of Whey Protein Films Formed with Oxidized Ferulic/Tannic Acids

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1599
Author(s):  
Yaosong Wang ◽  
Youling L. Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Protein Films ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Protein Sulfhydryl ◽  
Reduced Light

Protein-based biodegradable packaging films are of environmental significance. The effect of oxidized ferulic acid (OFA)/tannic acid (OTA) on the crosslinking and film-forming properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) was investigated. Both of the oxidized acids induced protein oxidation and promoted WPI crosslinking through the actions of quinone carbonyl and protein sulfhydryl, and amino groups. OTA enhanced the tensile strength (from 4.5 MPa to max 6.7 MPa) and stiffness (from 215 MPa to max 376 MPa) of the WPI film, whereas OFA significantly increased the elongation at break. The water absorption capability and heat resistance of the films were greatly improved by the addition of OTA. Due to the original color of OTA, the incorporation of OTA significantly reduced light transmittance of the WPI film (λ 200–600 nm) as well as the transparency, whereas no significant changes were induced by the OFA treatment. Higher concentrations of OTA reduced the in vitro digestibility of the WPI film, while the addition of OFA had no significant effect. Overall, these two oxidized polyphenols promoted the crosslinking of WPI and modified the film properties, with OTA showing an overall stronger efficacy than OFA due to more functional groups available.

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