scholarly journals MEN’S GENDER CAPITAL EXPERIENCES IN LATER LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-101
Author(s):  
Marta Gregorčič ◽  
Kaja Cizelj
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Work And Health ◽  
Gender Capital

Over the last decade there have been substantial advances in understanding the gendered dimensions of ageing. Prior studies have mostly dealt with understanding the lives of older women while largely neglecting or omitting older men. The focus on women facing disadvantages in socio-economic and marital status has shifted to men’s post-work and health issues in the last few decades, and only recently to masculinities and gender capital in later life. Contemporary discussions on cultural and gender capital bring relevant recognition and somehow unintentionally reveal that gender can matter to the same extent or even more in old age than in childhood or adulthood. This article analyses the results of semi-structured in-depth interviews with 98 men aged 60 or more and other data collected in Slovenia as part of the Old Guys Erasmus+ project. The project results are in line with recent studies on gender capital and masculinities, and justify why older men should be seen, discussed and examined as individual agents who practice, perform and produce gender in later life too. They also explain why hegemonic masculinity is only one aspect of gendered life experiences and that different masculine realities stand alongside each other and are as necessary for men in later life as femininities are for women, particularly in contemporary societies where both aged men and women are seen and represented as de-gendered, un-gendered or even genderless.

Friendships in Later Life: Definitions and Maintenance Patterns

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Roberto ◽  
Priscilla J. Kimboko
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Close Friend ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Older Men And Women

This study examined the meaning and maintenance of friend relationships in later life. The sample consisted of forty-one males and seventy-four females, sixty years of age or older. Participants were asked a series of open-ended questions regarding their past and present relationships with their friends. While older men and women tended to agree on the characteristics of a friend, gender differences emerged when they were asked to differentiate between a “friend” and a “close friend.” Older women were more likely to consider friends made earlier in their lives as still part of their friend network than were older men. Perceptions of current involvement with friends also differed depending upon the gender of the respondent. Discussion centered on the definition of friends in later life and gender differences found in maintenance patterns.

Bat wings, bunions, and turkey wattles: body transgressions and older women's strategic clothing choices

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA HURD CLARKE ◽  
MERIDITH GRIFFIN ◽  
KATHERINE MALIHA
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Clothing Choices ◽  
Depth Interviews

ABSTRACTThis paper examines older women's experiences and perceptions of clothing prescriptions for adults in later life. Using data from in-depth interviews with 36 women aged 71 to 93 years, we investigate the stringent, taken-for-granted social norms that older women identified with respect to appropriate fashion for the ageing female body. Specifically, the participants argued that older women should refrain from wearing bright colours and revealing or overly suggestive styles. Expressing a preference for classic or traditional styles, the women also reported that they used clothing strategically to mask or compensate for bodily transgressions that had occurred over time as a result of the physical realities of ageing, including weight gain, altered body shapes, wrinkles and sagging or ‘flabby’ arms and necks, referred to respectively as ‘bat wings’ and ‘turkey wattles’. In addition, the women contended that they consciously chose their clothing styles to compensate for age-related health issues and/or to present a competent, healthy self to others. Finally, the women talked about the ways in which their clothing choices were influenced by their changing lifestyles and constrained by a lack of desirable and affordable clothing options for the older female body. The findings are discussed in the light of Erving Goffman's concept of stigma and contemporary theorising about ageing, ageism, beauty work and the body.

scholarly journals Key Life Differences for Older Men and Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Dmitriy V. Savchenko ◽  
◽  
Svetlana N. Tereshchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Difference Criterion ◽  
Older Men And Women ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient

This article examines the issue of gender differences in attitudes towards life in older people. The study found that older women are more positive about life than men. To process the research results, such methods of mathematical statistics as the Spearman rank correlation coefficient and the Mann– Whitney difference criterion were used. Based on the results of the work carried out, recommendations were formulated for specialists working with the elderly.

Intersectional Escape: Older Women Elude Agentic Prescriptions More Than Older Men

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Martin ◽  
Michael S. North ◽  
Katherine W. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Women Studies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Diversity Research

Both older individuals and women are proscribed from engaging in power-related behaviors, with women proscribed from behaving agentically and older individuals expected to cede desirable resources through “Succession.” However, little is known about whether these overlapping agency prescriptions equally target men and women across the lifespan. In seven studies, we find that older men face the strongest prescriptions to behave less agentically and cede resources, whereas older women are comparatively spared. We show that agency prescriptions more strongly target older men, compared to older women (Studies 1a, 1b, 2) and their younger counterparts (Studies 3 and 4) and examine social and economic consequences for agentic behavior in political, economic, and academic domains. We also find that older men garner more extreme (i.e., polarized) reactions due to their greater perceived resource threat (Studies 4-6). We conclude by discussing theoretical implications for diversity research and practical considerations for accommodating the fast-aging population.

Ageing and gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-68
Author(s):  
Chris Gilleard ◽  
Paul Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Bonding Capital

This chapter begins by considering the distinction between sex and gender. The latter constitutes the source of the social division between men and women considered as social beings. It serves as both a reflection of division and inequality and a source of difference and identity. The chapter then explores the framing of this division in terms of patriarchy and the inequalities that are organised by and structured within the relations of work and of social reproduction. It focuses next upon the consequences of such a division, first in terms of both financial assets and resources and then in terms of social relational capital, drawing upon Putnam’s distinction between bridging and bonding capital. It then considers other sources of difference that become more salient in later life, in terms of health illness and longevity. The chapter ends with the role of gender in representing later life, and the role of later life in representing gender. It concludes by distinguishing between gender as a structure shaping third age culture, and gender as a constituent in the social imaginary of the fourth age.

Assortive Mating in Later Life: Some Initial Considerations

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula L. Dressel
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Exploratory Data ◽  
Assortive Mating ◽  
The Comparative Study

BASED on initial concerns expressed in this article over lack of information on assortive mating in later life, a theoretical model of structural and attitudinal variables is developed for utilization in the comparative study of endogamy and homogamy. Exploratory data are presented to compare mating parameters between the young and the old and between older men and older women. From this effort, it is concluded that information about young adults' courtship contexts and mate selection cannot necessarily be generalized to courtship and marriage in later life and that additional, more refined, investigation into the latter area would be fruitful conceptually and pragmatically.

Typical and Optimal Aging in Women and Men: Is There a Double Standard?

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Sara Canetto ◽  
Patricia L. Kaminski ◽  
Diane M. Felicio
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Older People ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Double Standard ◽  
Optimal Aging ◽  
And Gender

Gender stereotypes of typical and optimal, mentally healthy aging were examined with sixty-year-old and seventy-five-year-old women, men and gender-unspecified older people as target persons. Respondents were young adult individuals ( N = 232) and their older adult relatives/acquaintances ( N = 233). Perceptions of typical aging varied depending on the age of the respondent, the target gender and the target age. Gender stereotypes were more pronounced than age stereotypes: respondents described same-gender targets more similarly than same-age targets. Older women were rated higher on dimensions related to nurturance while older men were rated higher on intellectual competence and autonomy. Perceptions of optimal aging were not found to be affected by the gender of the respondent or target. Views of optimal aging, however, were influenced by respondent and target age. These findings suggest a double standard of aging for typical but not for optimal aging.

scholarly journals OFFERING SHIFTS TO CASUAL LANGUAGE (‘BAN-MAL’) IN THE KOREAN TV SHOW WE GOT MARRIED

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Youngran BAŠTANOVÁ KWAK
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Older People ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Reality Tv ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Speech Styles ◽  
Tv Show

: This research focuses on the topic of Korean speech style shifts from polite to casual between men and women in romantic relationships. This study used data from the Korean reality TV show We Got Married, which was broadcast in Korea for 9 years. After reviewing the system of Korean speech styles and manners of shifts, the study explores who is the first one to offer a shift, what they say, and how an offer is given. According to the analysis, older people were more likely to offer shifts first in the case of romantic relationships. In the TV show, older women tended to offer first a little more through indirect means, while older men offered rather directly. As for expressions used in the offers, the phrase ‘drop the honorifics’ and ‘talk comfortably’ were the most frequently used. They might offer in either polite or casual language, with sudden shifts. However, it was more common for speakers to offer shifts while talking in polite language. During conversations, two types of offers were observed: symmetrical shifts and asymmetrical shifts. In the first type, one speaker suggests shifts from both sides. The second type has more variations: one speaker requests the other’s permission to use casual language, allows the other to use casual language, or shows the speaker’s decision to use casual language. In the samples, symmetrical shifts occurred more often.

Intimacy and Ageing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjörn Bildtgård ◽  
Peter Öberg
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Western World ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Ways Of Being ◽  
Older Men And Women

To repartner in later life is increasingly common in large parts of the Western world. This book addresses the gap in knowledge about late life repartnering and provides a comprehensive map of the changing landscape of late life intimacy. The book examines the changing structural conditions of intimacy and ageing in late modernity. How do longer lives, changing norms and new technologies affect older people’s relationship careers, their attitudes to repartnering and the formation of new relationships? Which forms do these new unions take? What does a new intimate relationship offer older men and women and what are the consequences for social integration? What is the role and meaning of sex? By introducing a gains-perspective the book challenges stereotypes of old age as a period of loss and decline. It also challenges the image of older people as conservative, and instead present them as an avant-garde that often experiment with new ways of being together.

Influences of age and gender on human thermoregulatory responses to cold exposures

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Wagner ◽  
S. M. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
And Gender

To delineate age- and gender-related differences in physiological responses to cold exposure, men and women between the ages of 20 and 29 yr and 51 and 72 yr, wearing minimal clothing, were exposed at rest for 2 h to 28, 20, 15, and 10 degrees C room temperatures with 40% relative humidity. During the coldest exposure, the rates of increase in metabolic rate (W X m-2 or ml X kg lean body mass-1 X min-1 were similar for all groups. However, older women (n = 7) may have benefited from a larger (P less than 0.05) early metabolic (M) increase (40% within 15 min) than young men (18%) (n = 10), young women (5%) (n = 10), or older men (5%) (n = 10). A similar rapid M response in older women occurred during the 15 degrees C exposure. During all cold exposures, older women maintained constant rectal temperature (Tre) and young women maintained Tre only during the 20 degrees C exposures, whereas Tre of the men declined during all cold exposures (P less than 0.01). Changes in Tre and mean skin temperature (Ts) during cold exposure were largely related to body fat, although age and surface area/mass modified the changes in men. The data suggest that older men are more susceptible to cold ambients than younger people, since they did not prevent a further decline in their initially relatively low Tre. Despite greater insulation from body fat, the older women maintained a constant Tre at greater metabolic cost than men or younger women.

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