The impact of assumed translation and the quest for a lost original

The Carta de Jamaica (1815) is considered one of the most important testimonies of the South American liberator Simón Bolívar. When the manuscript vanished, historians were left with an English translation and assumed back-translations into Spanish, which heavily impacted the (Spanish) publication history for almost two centuries. This study of the versions of the Carta de Jamaica and the discourse surrounding the search for the original is carried out by applying Jan Assman’s text production process model. Assman’s model helps identify and understand the motives guiding translation endeavors and the different functions of these versions, which makes it a valuable tool for translation-historical research on key political, cultural, or religious texts. This paper also shows how paradoxical the usage and conception of translation is: it is conceived as a problem, used as a tool of analysis, and finally becomes the solution because through translation the version “closest” to the lost original is created.

Download Full-text

Impak Kerjasama Politik Umno-Pas Terhadap Perkembangan Islam Di Malaysia Dari Tahun 1973 Hingga 1978

Sains Insani ◽

10.33102/sainsinsani.vol2no1.14 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 12-16

Author(s):

Mohammad Tawfik Yaakub ◽

Osman Md Rasip

Keyword(s):

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Historical Research ◽

Radio Station ◽

The Political ◽

Coalition Government ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Political Cooperation ◽

Islamic Religion ◽

Political Approach ◽

The Impact

This article discusses impact of UMNO-PAS political cooperation towards Islamic development in Malaysia from 1973 until 1978. The success of political cooperation in 1973 was the result of both UMNO’s leader, Tun Abdul Razak and PAS’s leader, Asri Muda willingness to explore a new political approach compared to what was being practiced at that time. Both leaders then started the development of a government known as the ‘Cooperation Government’ with the combination of UMNO and PAS in 1973 and later on, the development of the National Front’s (BN) Coalition Government in 1974. The Islamic religion benefits the most from the development of the Coalition Government which is a favourable gain for the Malays in Malaysia. Henceforth, this article will discuss in detail on the impact of the political cooperation between UMNO and PAS within the cooperation period. The methods used for this research is by interview and also by referring to secondary sources which are analyzed in a historical descriptive manner that is normally practiced in historical research. At the end of this research it is established that there are profound impacts to the Islamic religion within the UMNO-PAS cooperation period within 1973 to 1978 for example, the television and radio station beginning starting their programmes with the recitation from Quranic verses, the promulgation of ‘Adhan, alcohols are no longer served in official government’s function, lottery companies are not allowed to promote and announce the lottery results in official government’s media, the establishment of Islamic institution, the strengthening of Islamic education and the appropriate change in the relevant ministry’s symbols. This article can be utilized by subsequent researchers who wish to study the impact of political cooperation between UMNO and PAS. Keywords: political cooperation, UMNO-PAS, cooperation government ABTRAK:Makalah ini membincangkan mengenai impak kerjasama politik UMNO-PAS terhadap perkembangan Islam di Malaysia dari tahun 1973 hingga 1978. Kerjasama politik yang berjaya dibentuk bermula pada tahun 1973 adalah hasil daripada kesediaan Tun Abdul Razak dengan Mohd Asri Muda yang menerajui UMNO dan PAS pada ketika itu mencetuskan perubahan corak berpolitik yang berbeza berbanding sebelumnya. Maka, kedua-dua pemimpin ini kemudiannya merintis pembentukan sebuah kerajaan yang menggabungkan UMNO dengan PAS menerusi Kerajaan Campuran pada tahun 1973 dan Kerajaan Gabungan Barisan Nasional (BN) pada tahun 1974. Hasil daripada kejayaan penubuhan kedua-dua kerajaan ini, perkembangan Islam di negara ini bertambah pesat dan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh keseluruhan orang Melayu di Malaysia. Justeru, artikel ini membincangkan secara terperinci impak kerjasama politik antara UMNO dengan PAS dalam tempoh kerjasama politik berkenaan. Penyelidikan ini menggunapakai kaedah temubual dan menyorot sejumlah sumber sekunder yang kemudiannya dianalisis secara deskriptif sejarah (historical descriptive analysis) yang lazimnya dipraktikkan dalam kajian sejarah. Hasil kajian ini mendapati terdapat impak-impak jelas terhadap perkembangan Islam di negara ini sepanjang tempoh kerjasama politik antara UMNO dengan PAS dari tahun 1973 hingga 1978. Antara impak-impak tersebut ialah permulaan siaran televisyen dan radio dengan bacaan ayat-ayat suci Al-Quran, mengumandangkan suara azan, penghapusan arak dalam majlis-majlis kerajaan, penghapusan promosi dan keputusan judi di media kerajaan, penubuhan institusi Islam, pemerkasaan pendidikan Islam dan penukaran simbol institisu kerajaan. Akhirnya, artikel ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh penyelidik-penyelidik berikutnya untuk menilai impak kerjasama politik antara UMNO dengan PAS.Kata kunci: kerjasama politik, UMNO-PAS, kerajaan campuran

Download Full-text

The Qur'an, Faith and the Impact of the Feminist Interpretative Movement on the Arabic Text and its Legacy

Journal of Qur anic Studies ◽

10.3366/jqs.2004.6.2.170 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 170-183

Author(s):

Hassan al-Shafīe

Keyword(s):

Arabic Text ◽

Historical Events ◽

Religious Texts ◽

Islamic World ◽

The Impact ◽

Intellectual Movement ◽

Qur'anic Interpretation

The present study discusses the cultural and intellectual movement, now on the point of prevalence in the contemporary Islamic world, which adopts the Western ‘hermeneutical method’ and applies it to the Qur'an in particular, and Islamic religious texts in general. The author shows this movement's complete disregard for the established principles of tafsīr, the traditional Arab-Islamic rules of Qur'anic interpretation and the related Prophetic aḥādīth as preserved in the authenticated Sunna. The author argues that the ‘hermeneutical method’ starts from the preconceived notion that the Islamic heritage is male-centred and biased against women, both theoretically and practically, and, on this basis, proposes that the time has come for an intellectual break with this premise and the re-interpretation of the Qur'an and faith in the light of Western Christian hermeneutics. This paper proposes that this method fails to take historical events and the civilisational Islamic experience into account.

Download Full-text

Infoveillance based on Social Sensors to Analyze the impact of Covid19 in South American Population (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.19337 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Josimar E. Chire Saire

Keyword(s):

Text Mining ◽

Electronic Communication ◽

Spanish Speakers ◽

South American ◽

South American Population ◽

The People ◽

Data Source ◽

The Impact ◽

General Concern ◽

Social Sensors

BACKGROUND Infoveillance is an application from Infodemiology field with the aim to monitor public health and create public policies. Social sensor is the people providing thought, ideas through electronic communication channels(i.e. Internet). The actual scenario is related to tackle the covid19 impact over the world, many countries have the infrastructure, scientists to help the growth and countries took actions to decrease the impact. South American countries have a different context about Economy, Health and Research, so Infoveillance can be a useful tool to monitor and improve the decisions and be more strategical. The motivation of this work is analyze the capital of Spanish Speakers Countries in South America using a Text Mining Approach with Twitter as data source. The preliminary results helps to understand what happens two weeks ago and opens the analysis from different perspectives i.e. Economics, Social. OBJECTIVE Analyze the behaviour of South American Capitals in front of covid19 pandemics and show the helpfulness of Text Mining Approach for Infoveillance tasks. METHODS Text Mining process RESULTS - Argentina and Venezuela capitals are the biggest number of post during this period, opposite with Bolivia, Ecuador and Uruguay. - Most relevant users are related to mass media like radio, television or newspapers. - There is a general concern about covid19 but every country talks about different areas: Economics, Health, Environmental Impact. CONCLUSIONS Infoveillance based on Social Sensors with data coming from Twitter can help to understand the trends on the population of the capitals. Besides, it is necessary to filter the posts for processing the text and get insights about frequency, top users, most important terms. This data is useful to analyse the population from different approaches. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20055749

Download Full-text

Evaluating interventions with victims of intimate partner violence: a community psychology approach

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01268-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cinzia Albanesi ◽

Carlo Tomasetto ◽

Veronica Guardabassi

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Social Services ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Process Model ◽

Professional Training ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

The Impact

Abstract Purpose Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is one of the most common forms of domestic violence, with profound implication for women's physical and psychological health. In this text we adopted the Empowerment Process Model (EPM) by Cattaneo and Goodman (Psychol Violence 5(1):84–94) to analyse interventions provided to victims of IPV by a Support Centre for Women (SCW) in Italy, and understand its contribution to women’s empowerment. Method We conducted semi-structured interviews with ten women who had been enrolled in a program for IPV survivors at a SCW in the past three years. The interviews focused on the programs’ aims, actions undertaken to reach them, and the impact on the women’s lives, and were analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach. Results Results showed that the interventions provided by the SWC were adapted according to women's needs. In the early phases, women’s primary aim was ending violence, and the intervention by the SCW was deemed as helpful to the extent it provided psychological support, protection and safe housing. Women’s aims subsequently moved to self-actualisation and economic and personal independence which required professional training, internships, and social support. Although satisfying the majority of the women’s expectations, other important needs (e.g., economic support or legal services) were poorly addressed, and cooperation with other services (e.g., police or social services) was sometimes deemed as critical. Conclusions By evaluating a program offered by a SCW to IPV survivors through the lens of the EPM model, we found that women deemed the program as effective when both individual resources and empowerment processes were promoted. Strengths, limitations and implications are discussed.

Download Full-text

A Hybrid Energy System Workflow for Energy Portfolio Optimization

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14154392 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 4392

Author(s):

Jia Zhou ◽

Hany Abdel-Khalik ◽

Paul Talbot ◽

Cristian Rabiti

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Gaussian Process ◽

Electricity Market ◽

Process Model ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Historical Data ◽

Energy System ◽

Initial Guess ◽

Reduced Order ◽

The Impact

This manuscript develops a workflow, driven by data analytics algorithms, to support the optimization of the economic performance of an Integrated Energy System. The goal is to determine the optimum mix of capacities from a set of different energy producers (e.g., nuclear, gas, wind and solar). A stochastic-based optimizer is employed, based on Gaussian Process Modeling, which requires numerous samples for its training. Each sample represents a time series describing the demand, load, or other operational and economic profiles for various types of energy producers. These samples are synthetically generated using a reduced order modeling algorithm that reads a limited set of historical data, such as demand and load data from past years. Numerous data analysis methods are employed to construct the reduced order models, including, for example, the Auto Regressive Moving Average, Fourier series decomposition, and the peak detection algorithm. All these algorithms are designed to detrend the data and extract features that can be employed to generate synthetic time histories that preserve the statistical properties of the original limited historical data. The optimization cost function is based on an economic model that assesses the effective cost of energy based on two figures of merit: the specific cash flow stream for each energy producer and the total Net Present Value. An initial guess for the optimal capacities is obtained using the screening curve method. The results of the Gaussian Process model-based optimization are assessed using an exhaustive Monte Carlo search, with the results indicating reasonable optimization results. The workflow has been implemented inside the Idaho National Laboratory’s Risk Analysis and Virtual Environment (RAVEN) framework. The main contribution of this study addresses several challenges in the current optimization methods of the energy portfolios in IES: First, the feasibility of generating the synthetic time series of the periodic peak data; Second, the computational burden of the conventional stochastic optimization of the energy portfolio, associated with the need for repeated executions of system models; Third, the inadequacies of previous studies in terms of the comparisons of the impact of the economic parameters. The proposed workflow can provide a scientifically defendable strategy to support decision-making in the electricity market and to help energy distributors develop a better understanding of the performance of integrated energy systems.

Download Full-text

Resources, Production Scales and Time Required for Producing RNA Vaccines for the Global Pandemic Demand

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9010003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Zoltán Kis ◽

Cleo Kontoravdi ◽

Robin Shattock ◽

Nilay Shah

Keyword(s):

Production Process ◽

Messenger Rna ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

Vaccine Dose ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Small Scale ◽

Production Scale ◽

Working Volume ◽

Global Demand ◽

The Impact

To overcome pandemics, such as COVID-19, vaccines are urgently needed at very high volumes. Here we assess the techno-economic feasibility of producing RNA vaccines for the demand associated with a global vaccination campaign. Production process performance is assessed for three messenger RNA (mRNA) and one self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines, all currently under clinical development, as well as for a hypothetical next-generation saRNA vaccine. The impact of key process design and operation uncertainties on the performance of the production process was assessed. The RNA vaccine drug substance (DS) production rates, volumes and costs are mostly impacted by the RNA amount per vaccine dose and to a lesser extent by the scale and titre in the production process. The resources, production scale and speed required to meet global demand vary substantially in function of the RNA amount per dose. For lower dose saRNA vaccines, global demand can be met using a production process at a scale of below 10 L bioreactor working volume. Consequently, these small-scale processes require a low amount of resources to set up and operate. RNA DS production can be faster than fill-to-finish into multidose vials; hence the latter may constitute a bottleneck.

Download Full-text

THE CONTINUUM AND INTERFERENCE EFFECT IN $e^+e^-\to D^0\bar{D}^0$, D+D- Processes

Modern Physics Letters A ◽

10.1142/s0217732308026406 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (36) ◽

pp. 3113-3121 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

MAO-ZHI YANG

Keyword(s):

Production Process ◽

Interference Effect ◽

Virtual Photon ◽

Resonance Contribution ◽

Text Production ◽

Continuum Contribution ◽

The Continuum

In the e+e- annihilation processes [Formula: see text], D+D- near or above the threshold of [Formula: see text], there are not only the resonance contribution [Formula: see text], D+D-, but also the continuum contribution through virtual photon directly [Formula: see text], D+D-. The amplitudes through virtual photon directly and through resonance can interfere seriously. We consider the continuum and interference effect in the [Formula: see text] production process in e+e- annihilation. We find that the effect is significant near and above the threshold of the [Formula: see text] mesons.

Download Full-text

Experimental Assessment of Roughness Changes in the Cutting Surface and Microhardness Changes of the Material S 355 J2 G3 after Being Cut by Non-Conventional Technologies

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1944 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 314-316 ◽

pp. 1944-1947 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jozef Maščeník ◽

Stefan Gaspar

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Production Process ◽

Laser Plasma ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Production Quality ◽

Water Jet ◽

Cutting Edge ◽

Experimental Assessment ◽

Cutting Surface ◽

The Impact

Production of components, necessary for the construction of the machine resp. or device is a demanding manufacturing process. One of the possibilities of increasing efficiency and production quality is the introduction of unconventional technologies to the production process. Knowing the dependence of the impact of non-conventional technologies on the mechanical properties of products and their subsequent verification is an important aspect when designing and manufacturing them. The article deals with the impact of used unconventional technology, that means laser, plasma and water jet on the roughness of a cutting edge and microhardness of material S 355 J2 G3.

Download Full-text

Impact of enriched analyses on regional numerical forecasts over southeastern South America during SALLJEX

Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia ◽

10.1590/0102-778620100248 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 315-330

Author(s):

Yanina García Skabar ◽

Matilde Nicolini

Keyword(s):

Data Assimilation ◽

South America ◽

Atmospheric Modeling ◽

South American ◽

The South ◽

Low Level ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Accumulated Rainfall ◽

Low Level Jet ◽

The Impact

During the warm season 2002-2003, the South American Low-Level Jet Experiment (SALLJEX) was carried out in southeastern South America. Taking advantage of the unique database collected in the region, a set of analyses is generated for the SALLJEX period assimilating all available data. The spatial and temporal resolution of this new set of analyses is higher than that of analyses available up to present for southeastern South America. The aim of this paper is to determine the impact of assimilating data into initial fields on mesoscale forecasts in the region, using the Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS) with particular emphasis on the South American Low-Level Jet (SALLJ) structure and on rainfall forecasts. For most variables, using analyses with data assimilated as initial fields has positive effects on short term forecast. Such effect is greater in wind variables, but not significant in forecasts longer than 24 hours. In particular, data assimilation does not improve forecasts of 24-hour accumulated rainfall, but it has slight positive effects on accumulated rainfall between 6 and 12 forecast hours. As the main focus is on the representation of the SALLJ, the effect of data assimilation in its forecast was explored. Results show that SALLJ is fairly predictable however assimilating additional observation data has small impact on the forecast of SALLJ timing and intensity. The strength of the SALLJ is underestimated independently of data assimilation. However, Root mean square error (RMSE) and BIAS values reveal the positive effect of data assimilation up to 18-hours forecasts with a greater impact near higher topography.

Download Full-text