scholarly journals The Focus in Spanish Language: Definition Problems and Syntactic Manifestations

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-192
Author(s):  
Vita Veselko
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Meeting Point ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
Language Definition

The field of information structure, a meeting point of pragmatics with the traditional linguistic disciplines, is nowadays facing many terminological inconsistencies which hinder its theoretical consolidation, and the resulting practical application of its analytical models to concrete linguistic manifestations. The present article aims to revise the different conceptions of one of the central terms of this linguistic discipline, the focus, to contribute to its terminological elucidation. After presenting the existing definitions of focus as a pragmatic function, the author proceeds to analyse the information structure of its syntactic manifestations in concrete communicative situations in an attempt to determine how the assignment of this pragmatic function is conditioned by the degree of newness of the information, and what its relationship with the notion of contrast is. The study thus concludes with an outline proposal of a possible redefinition of the term and its main distinctive features.

Changing the Topic

Mnemosyne ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rutger J. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
The One ◽  
Topic Constructions

AbstractIn Ancient Greek, topics can be expressed as intra-clausal constituents but they can also precede or follow the main clause as extra-clausal constituents. Together, these various topic expressions constitute a coherent system of complementary pragmatic functions. For a comprehensive account of topic organization, therefore, a limited focus on the clause proper is insufficient. In this paper, I will argue that it is possible to distinguish five different structural positions in which topic constituents may appear in Ancient Greek. These are: (i)Theme, (ii)clause-initial, (iii)postverbal in Setting, (iv)postverbal in main clauseand (v)Tail.Each of these positions in the sentence is associated with a specific pragmatic function: Resumed Topic, Contrastive/New Topic, Given Topic or clarification of Given Topic. In linguistic theory, topic and focus are often seen as independent aspects of information structure instead of complementary functions. It is, therefore, attractive to posit two separate sets of constructional templates: on the one hand, a topic set comprising the aforementioned topic constructions and, on the other hand, a focus set containing two (narrow and broad) focus-constructions. This results in a flexible system in which the word order of each sentence is determined by a combination of a focus construction plus one or more topic constructions.

scholarly journals About the Ability to Be in Two Places at Once

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-234
Author(s):  
Gerhard Stemberger
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Depth Psychology ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Total Field ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Phenomenal World ◽  
Field Approach ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Gestalt Psychologist

Summary In 1915 the Danish psychologist Edgar Rubin describes in his famous work on figure-ground perception, the phenomenon that when you look attentively at a picture, a second, virtual ego arises, breaking away from the viewer-ego to wander around in the picture along the contours of the depicted. In 1982, German Gestalt psychologist Edwin Rausch expanded this observation of the emergence of a second phenomenal ego to the conclusion that not only does a second phenomenal ego emerge, but with it a second phenomenal total field, ie a second phenomenal world with its own phenomenal ego and an own phenomenal environment of this ego. Several years ago, I proposed a multi-field-approach in psychotherapy building on this research. This approach involves three levels: First, the level of phenomenological observation and psychological analysis of the conditions that determine the formation of such a second total field (and even further total fields), regardless of whether this occurs spontaneously or intentionally or as a result of external influences. Second, the level of explanation of various psychic processes, which in the field of psychotherapy have been explained so far mainly on the basis of depth psychology, and the conceptualization of the therapeutic situation and therapeutic processes from a Gestalt psychological perspective. Third, finally, the level of practical application of such insights on the development of appropriate procedures and interventions that can promote or defer the emergence of such second or multiple fields in psychotherapy. The present article introduces the multi-field approach, especially at the first level, and refers to research and discussion on mind wandering, imagining, daydreaming and dissociation.

scholarly journals MODELS FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PROCESSING OF INFORMATION FROM “RESOURCE-P” SATELLITES

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B6 ◽  
pp. 169-171
Author(s):  
V. Poshekhonov ◽  
V. Eremeev ◽  
А. Kuznetcov ◽  
A. Kochergin
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Geometric Calibration ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Geodetic Coordinates ◽  
Orientation Parameters ◽  
Wide Swath

The present paper provides information about imagery and navigation systems of the Russian high resolution satellites "Resource- P". Models of image geolocation used for photogrammetric processing of information from all types of imagery systems are designed. Design of these models is based on two task solutions: correct processing of the measurement information and geometric calibration of the imagery systems. <br><br> It is shown that for high-precision interior orientation parameters adjustment of the high-resolution "Geoton" instrument the method of self-calibration should be used. The technology of calibration activities is considered. Distinctive features of calibration of the hyperspectral and wide-swath imagery systems are noted. It is represented in the paper that after calibration the root mean square error (RMSE) of measured geodetic coordinates of objects on images do not exceed 10 m. <br><br> Examples of the obtained models practical application for photogrammetric processing of images from “Resource-P” satellites are shown.

scholarly journals Insights into the subtitling of films from Arabic into Spanish

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-84
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Candel-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Audiovisual Translation ◽  
Translation Methods

Audiovisual translation studies (AVT) have experienced an exponential growth in the last twenty years, have consolidated proven analysis methodologies, and attracted the interest mainly of Western scholars. It is interesting to investigate whether these methodologies are also applicable to the study of subtitling of films from linguistically and culturally distant cultures such as Egyptian and Spanish. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to verify whether the translation norms proposed in the translation methods for dubbing and subtitling, traditionally based on language combinations with English, are applicable for the specific case of the Arabic-Spanish language combination, based on the analysis of the treatment of the cultural elements present in the audiovisual texts selected for this research. Among the findings, the distinctive features and colloquial character and spontaneity of the original versions are frequently lost.

scholarly journals Nominal suffixes as markers of information structure in Basketo

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Inui
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Short Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Information Function ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Pragmatic Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
Zero Anaphora ◽  
Subject Pronoun

This paper deals with the information function of two nominal suffixes, -i appearing in all nouns, and -n- in first- and second-person pronouns in Basketo, a North Omotic language predominantly spoken in the Basketo Special Woreda in Ethiopia. The suffix -i is often described as nominative. However, object nouns without definite marker can be marked by -i, and as a result -i can appear in both subject and object in the same sentence. We analyze morpheme -i as a marker of specificity. Suffix -n- distinguishes short and long forms of the first- and second-person subject pronoun. The short form is the same as the possessive. In general, the possessive does not bear any pragmatic information in discourse. Therefore, short pronouns also show no pragmatic function, but show what is subject or agent in a clause. On the other hand, long pronouns are morphologically and pragmatically marked. We analyze morpheme -n- as the foregrounded topic in discourse in contrast with zero anaphora.

Genre as cognitive construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-601
Author(s):  
Annalisa Baicchi ◽  
Aneider Iza Erviti
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Inseparable Pair ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The present article investigates a set of discourse connectors in the academic lecture genre from the viewpoint of the inseparable pair of pragmatics and cognition. Making use of the MICASE corpus for data retrieval, a selection of discourse constructions encoding comparative contrastive meanings are analysed and their distinctive features are critically described and explained. The aim is to show how each particular genre promotes the use of certain constructions. The MICASE database reveals that, among all the subgroups of complementary contrastive constructions, some seem incompatible with the academic lecture contexts by virtue of the particular characteristics of this specific genre.

Concretization of Corporate Liability Provisions in the Court Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 53-71
Author(s):  
M. S. Sinyavskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Corporate Law ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Corporate Liability

The present article contains analysis of cases regarding corporate law provisions on restitution of damages. At present article 53.1 of the Russian Civil Code provides for liability in case of breach of good faith and unreasonable actions. This legal norm has given rise to a great bulk of case law in this sphere. The article gives overview of the case law of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation as well as poses some problems which became evident in the course of practical application of the legal provisions.

Calculation of parameters of the container freight station

Innotrans ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Oksana Dmitrievna Pokrovskaya ◽  
◽  
Yuliya Aleksandrovna Moroz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Container Terminal ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Calculation Of Parameters ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Container Freight ◽  
Calculation Procedures

This work is devoted to the development of software for automatic performance for the calculation of container freight station parameters. The article provides a brief description of the functional features of the program. The technical composition of a typical container terminal is described. Detailed flowcharts for implementing the main calculation procedures are presented. The distinctive features and areas of practical application of the program are formulated.

Dialogicality and ethics

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D. Sell
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Negative Capability ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Theory Of Literature ◽  
Genuine Communication

Now that linguists are beginning to see an element of dialogicality in all language use, there is more scope for a humanized dialogue analysis with ameliorative goals. This can divide its labour between a communicational criticism dealing with the ethics of address, and a mediating criticism dealing with the ethics of response. In the present article, I outline the distinctive features of such an approach, and by sketching a communicational theory of literature (cf. Sell 2000) draw particular attention to the dialogicality arising between literary writers and their audience. From this starting-point, I then examine instances of four different literary genres for the light they can throw on the general ethics of address. Key terms here are “genuine communication”, by which I mean any manner of communication which respects the autonomy of the human other, and “negative capability”, defined by Keats (1954 [1817]: 53) as the capability of “being in uncertainties, Mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason”.

Relationship Between Improved Inverse Eigensensitivity and FRF Sensitivity Methods for Analytical Model Updating

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Lin ◽  
M. K. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Solution Uniqueness ◽  
Mathematical Relationship ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Model Improvement ◽  
Sensitivity Method

Improved inverse eigensensitivity method and improved frequency response function (FRF) sensitivity method developed for analytical model updating have become increasingly popular among other methods and have been successfully applied to the practice of analytical model improvement. This paper examines the mathematical relationship between these two powerful methods for updating analytical models of undamped systems with objectives of demonstrating the advantages and disadvantages of each method as well as their specific practical application conditions. The problem of solution uniqueness associated with these methods is addressed. Computational considerations regarding the practical application of the methods are discussed. Numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the practical applications of these methods.

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