scholarly journals Optimisation of oven-drying of baobab leaves using a central composite design

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (s1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
A.M. Gbaguidi ◽  
F.J. Chadare ◽  
V.K. Salako ◽  
Y.O.V. Idohou ◽  
A.E. Assogbadjo
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Gelation Concentration ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Central Composite

Baobab (Adansonia digitata) leaves represent a key nutritional resource; although their consumption is apparently restricted to local communities, mainly as a sticky sauce, cosmetics and a variety of purposes. Ready-to-use powder of oven-dried baobab leaves can improve the availability of the product on markets, and hence its utilisation and shelf life. This study was carried out to optimise the oven-drying temperature and duration for the best conservation of baobab leaf powder and its sustainable availability for multipurpose uses. Different combinations of values of temperature and drying duration were generated, using a central composite design, in response surface methodology framework. Findings showed that dry matter, hue, chroma and lightness were significantly influenced by oven-drying temperature and duration; while the least gelation concentration was significantly influenced by the temperature. Based on leaf dry matter, hue and chroma models, the optimal oven drying conditions for baobab leaves for good preservation leading to human consumption and other purposes are set at 45 °C for 23.5 hours.  

Biosorption of Ce(III) onto modified Pinus brutia leaf powder using central composite design

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceren Kütahyalı ◽  
Şenol Sert ◽  
Berkan Çetinkaya ◽  
Ezgi Yalçıntaş ◽  
M. Bahadır Acar
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Pinus Brutia ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Central Composite

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU PENGERINGAN OVEN TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN BUBUK DAUN CEMCEM (Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
I Putu Willigis Benito Khatulistiwa ◽  
I Dewa Gde Mayun Permana ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Kadek Puspawati
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Range Test

This study aimed to determine the effect of oven drying temperature on the antioxidant activity of cemcem leaf powder and get the rightest oven drying temperature to produce cemcem leaf powder which had the highest antioxidant activity. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with a drying temperature treatment consisting of consisting of 4 levels including: 40oC, 50oC, 60oC and 70oC. The treatment was repeated 4 times to obtain 16 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis, if it had a significant effect then it was continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed the drying temperature had a very significant effect (p<0.01) on water content, total phenolic, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity. Drying temperature of 50oC is the best temperature to produce cemcem leaf powder with the highest antioxidant activity of 61.98% with IC50 79.58 ppm, total phenolic 48.03 mg GAE/g powder, total flavonoids 49.11 mg QE/g powder, water content 7.78%.

scholarly journals Optimization of extraction conditions of flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata Thumb leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Anh T. Vu
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Central Composite

This study was conducted to investigate the application of cellulase enzyme in the extraction of flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata Thumb leaves and optimize the extraction conditions. Independent variables, including enzyme concentration (25 - 100 µg/mL), temperature (30 - 50oC), time (30 - 120 min) and ratio of raw materials to enzyme (1:15 - 1:30 g/mL), were investigated. Extraction conditions of flavonoids were designed according to Central Composite Design - Uniform Precision (CCD), a response surface methodology using a software JMP Pro version 13. The results indicated that the optimal extraction conditions were found to be enzyme concentration (78.0 µg/mL), temperature (41oC), time (90 min), and the ratio of material to the enzyme (1:26 g/mL). Under such conditions, the highest content of flavonoids (24.04 ± 0.05 mg/g, dry matter) was obtained and validated. It can be concluded that the flavonoids can be optimally extracted under the optimal extraction conditions with assistance of cellulase.

scholarly journals Central composite rotatable design approach to optimize ‘Italia’ raisin drying conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cecília Poloni Rybka ◽  
Sérgio Tonetto De Freitas ◽  
Acácio Figueiredo Netto ◽  
Aline Camarão Telles Biasoto
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Central Composite Rotatable Design ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Arid Condition ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Rotatable Design

Considering its high demand and limited production, raisin represents an important alternative to diversify grape processed products around the world. The aim of this study was to determine the best combination between drying temperature and time required to reach the highest consumer acceptance of ‘Italia’ raisin produced in the semi-arid climate in Brazil. The drying conditions were combinations between drying temperatures of 50, 56, 70, 84 and 90°C and drying times of 16, 22, 35, 48 and 54 hours, following a central composite rotational design (CCRD). The best combination between drying temperature and time was estimated to be 70°C for 35 hours (h), based on overall consumer acceptance. According to the statistical analysis used, drying at 70 °C for 35h and at 59 °C for 28h results in equal overall consumer acceptance, being the second option the more economical. Taste and texture, raisin chroma values and pH were more positively correlated to overall acceptance. The results indicate that drying at 59ºC for 28 h is the most efficient drying condition for raisins from ‘Italia’ grapes grown in Brazilian semi-arid condition. This study uses a new approach based on the central composite rotatable design to determine the most efficient drying temperature and time for ‘Italia’ raisins.

scholarly journals Dry Matter Content and Stability of Carotenoids in Kale and Spinach During Drying

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1731-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lefsrud ◽  
Dean Kopsell ◽  
Carl Sams ◽  
Jim Wills ◽  
A.J. Both
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Pigment Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Pigment Analysis ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
N Treatment

Drying of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala D.C.) is required to determine percentage of dry matter (%DM) and pigment concentration of fresh leaves. ‘Melody’ spinach and ‘Winterbor’ kale were greenhouse-grown in hydroponic nutrient solutions containing 13 or 105 mg·L−1 N. Using vacuum freeze dryers and convection ovens, plant tissues were dried for 120 h at five different temperature treatments: 1) freeze drying at −25 °C; 2) freeze drying at 0 °C; 3) vacuum drying at +25 °C; 4) oven drying at +50 °C; and 5) oven drying at +75 °C. Spinach leaf tissue %DM was affected, but kale %DM was unaffected by drying temperature. Spinach and kale leaf tissue %DM were both affected by N level. The high N spinach decreased from 7.3 to 6.4%DM when drying temperature increased from +25 to +75 °C. The low N spinach decreased from 12.7 to 9.6%DM as the drying temperature increased from −25 to +50 °C. Kale averaged from 14.8%DM for the high N treatment and from 21.8%DM for the low N treatment. However, drying temperature did not have a significant impact on measured %DM in kale. Lutein, β-carotene, and chlorophyll levels for both spinach and kale leaf tissue were affected by drying temperature. Measured concentrations of all pigments decreased over 70% as the drying temperature increased from −25 to 75 °C. The largest pigment fresh and dry weight concentrations for spinach and kale were measured at drying temperatures below +25 °C. The spinach and kale samples dried between −25 and +25 °C were not significantly different from each other in %DM or pigment concentration measured on a dry or fresh weight basis. Thus, drying leaf tissue for accurate pigment analysis requires temperatures below +25 °C using vacuum or freeze drying technology.

Development and optimization of solid lipid nanoparticles of amikacin by central composite design

2009 ◽  
Vol 00 (00) ◽  
pp. 090721051030036-8
Author(s):  
Jaleh Varshosaz ◽  
Solmaz Ghaffari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Khoshayand ◽  
Fatemeh Atyabi ◽  
Shirzad Azarmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Central Composite

Formulation Design and Optimization of Repaglinide Solid Dispersions by Central Composite Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 4337-4348
Author(s):  
Bhikshapathi D. V. R. N. ◽  
Srinivas I
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Solid Dispersion ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Solvent Evaporation ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Solvent Evaporation Method ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Evaporation Method ◽  
Central Composite

Repaglinide is a pharmaceutical drug used for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus, it is characterized with poor solubility which limits its absorption and dissolution rate and delays onset of action. In the present study, immediate release solid dispersion of repaglinide was formulated by solvent evaporation technique. Repaglinide solid dispersions were prepared using PEG 8000, Pluronic F 127 and Gelucire 44/14 by solvent evaporation method. A 3-factor, 3-level central composite design employed to study the effect of each independent variable on dependent variables. FTIR studies revealed that no drug excipient interaction takes place. From powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD) and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies it was evident that polymorphic form of repaglinide has been converted into an amorphous form from crystalline within the solid dispersion formulation. The correlation coefficient showed that the release profile followed Higuchi model anomalous behavior and hence release mechanism was indicative of diffusion. The obtained results suggested that developed solid dispersion by solvent evaporation method might be an efficacious approach for enhancing the solubility and dissolution rate of repaglinide.

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