scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory potential of dichloromethane leaf extracts of Eucalyptus globulus (Labill) and Senna didymobotrya (Fresenius) in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 397-409
Author(s):  
Joseph Kiambi Mworia ◽  
Cromwell Mwiti Kibiti ◽  
Joseph JN Ngeranwa ◽  
Mathew Piero Ngugi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Similar Dose ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Positive Controls

Background: Inflammation is an immune response characterized by swelling, redness, pain and heat. Inflammation is main- ly managed using conventional medicines that are associated with many side effects. Plant-based remedies are considerably better alternative therapies for they have fewer side effects. Objective: This study aimed at determining the anti-inflammatory potential of dichloromethane (DCM) leaf extracts of Eucalyptus globulus and Senna didymobotrya in mice. Methods: Fresh leaves of these plants were harvested from Embu County, Kenya. Quantitative phytochemical analysis was done using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Anti-inflammatory test comprised nine groups of five animals each: normal, negative, positive controls and 6 experimental groups. Inflammation was induced with Carrageenan. One hour post-treatment, the different groups were intraperitoneally administered with the reference drug, diclofenac, 3% DMSO and six DCM leaf extracts at doses of 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250mg/kgbw. Results: GC-MS results revealed α-phellandrene, camphene, terpinolene, and limonene among others. Anti-inflammatory effects showed that extract doses of 100,150,200 and 250mg/kg bw significantly reduced the inflamed paw. Doses of 200 and 250mg/kgbw in both plants were more potent and compared with diclofenac. E. globulus extract dose of 250mg kg bw reduced inflamed paw in the 1st , 2nd, 3rd and 4th hours, by 2.27,6.52,9.09 and 10.90% respectively while S.didymobotrya at similar dose ranges, inflamed paw reduced by 2.41, 5.43, 8.31 and 9.05% respectively. Conclusion: E. globulus and S. didymobotrya have potent anti-inflammatory activities, attributed to their constituent phyto- chemicals. This study confirms the traditional use of these plants in treating inflammation. Keywords: Eucalyptus globulus; Senna didymobtrya; inflammation; phytochemicals.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Anti-Inflammatory Studies of Tapinanthus globiferus (A. Rich) Teigh. Leaves Three Extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celestine Jeremiah ◽  
Umar Adam Katsayal ◽  
Aliyu Nuhu ◽  
Sherifat Bola Anafi ◽  
Mustapha Adeojoh Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Tapinanthus globiferus (A. Rich) Teigh. (Loranthaceae) is an excellent medicinal plant in terms of efficacy and also traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases including inflammations, cancer, diabetes and strokes. This study was designed to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf extracts of T. globiferus in wistar rats and identify phytochemical constituents of the extracts responsible for the observed activity. Methods: Tapinanthus globiferus leaves was extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol in a soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis, toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced paw oedema in wistar rats. Piroxicam (20 mg/kg) was used as reference standard. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with significant level set at p≤0.05. Results: The percentage yield from the gradient extraction of T. globiferus leaves showed methanol to be the highest and the chromatographic analysis visualized with specific reagents confirmed the presence of steroids/triterpenes, phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the leaf of T. globiferus. LD50 was above 2,000 mg/kg and no death was recorded. The hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol leaf extracts of T. globiferus at 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg produced a significant decrease in paw oedema (p≤0.05) with percentage inhibition at the first and third hour for hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extract respectively. The methanol extracts recorded the highest inflammatory inhibition percentage. Conclusion: These finding revealed that the leaf of T. globiferus has anti-inflammatory activity and this justified its traditional use in the treatment of inflammation.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Acute Anti-inflammatory Evaluation of New Mefenamic Acid Derivatives Having 4-Thiazolidinone Nucleus

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Mustafa H. Ali Alsafi ◽  
Muthanna S. Farhan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Mefenamic Acid ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Compound I ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Cox 1 ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Mefenamic acid (MA) is one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, it is widely used probably due to having both anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, the main side effects of mefenamic acid include gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disturbance mainly diarrhea, peptic ulceration, and gastric bleeding. The analgesic effects of NSAIDs are probably linked to COX-2 inhibition, while COX-1 inhibition is the major cause of this classic adverse effects. Introduction of thiazolidinone may lead to the increase in the bulkiness leads to the preferential inhibition of COX-2 rather than COX-1 enzyme. The study aimed to synthesize derivatives of mefenamic acid with more potency and to decrease the drug's potential side effects, new series of 4-thiazolidinone derivatives of mefenamic acid were synthesized IVa-g. The synthetic procedures for target compounds and their intermediates are designed to be as follows: acylation of secondary amine of mefenamic acid by chloroacetylchloride to produce compound (I), then reaction between compound (I) and hydrazine hydrate to form hydrazine derivative of mefenamic acid (compound II). After that, Schiff base formation by addition of seven benzaldehyde derivatives and finally, cyclization in presence of thioglycolic acid to form 4-thiazolidinone heterocyclic ring. The characterization of the titled compounds has been established on the basis of their spectral FTIR, 1HNMR data, and by measurements of their physical properties. In vivo acute anti-inflammatory effect of the synthesized compounds was evaluated in rats using egg-white induced edema model of inflammation. The tested compounds and the reference drug produced significant reduction of paw edema with respect to the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide 10%v/v (control group). Compound IVe showed more potent effect than mefenamic acid at 240-300 min, while at time 300 min, compounds IVa and IVd exhibit more potent anti-inflammatory effect than mefenamic acid (50mg/kg, i.p.) as they reduced paw edema significantly more than mefenamic acid at mentioned intervals (p<0.05) . On the other hand compound IVc exhibited lower anti-inflammatory effect.

scholarly journals Histopathological Studies on the Effects of Chloroform and Methanolic Extracts of Ilex kudingcha in Trypanosoma brucei Infected Albino Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Olajoju. T. Soniran ◽  
Kalu. K. Ngele ◽  
Christopher. O. Alisa ◽  
Damilola. A. Omoboyowa ◽  
Nnabude. H. Agu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Histopathological studies of the effects of chloroform and methanolic leaf extracts of Ilex kudingcha in Trypanosoma brucei infected albino wistar rats were investigated. The toxicity and phytochemical study were also carried out using standard protocol. T. brucei infected animals were administered orally with 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. of the extracts and 3.5 mg/kg b.w. of the standard drug (diminazene aceturate). Results on acute toxicity studies (LD50) revealed no sign of lethality up to the dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight but the liver and kidney histology of infected animals treated with 5,000 mg/kg b.w. of I. kudingcha extracts were observed to be hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic. The methanol extracts showed appreciably high in vivo anti-trypanosomal activities compared to the reference drug. Histological examination of the organs revealed serious pathological lesions in the liver of the infected animals without treatment (negative control). In the positive control animals (infected animals administered standard drug), mild multifocal aggregate of inflammatory leucocytes was observed. In the other experimental animals, no pathological lesion was observed in the liver, kidney, brain, and heart of infected animals treated with the methanolic extract and combined methanol and chloroform extracts. The effectiveness of the methanolic extract at reducing the lesions caused by the parasite is the same compared with the standard drug. Phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts showed that methanol extract contained appreciable high levels of alkaloids, saponin, tannins, phenol, and glycoside while flavonoid was not detected. Hence, the curative properties of methanolic extract of I. kudingcha as observed in the organs indicate its anti-trypanosomal properties but it should be consumed at minimal doses.

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus Schum (Euphorbiaceae) in some laboratory animals

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeolu A. Adedapo ◽  
Sunday O. Ofuegbe
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstracthas a history of use in Ayurvedic medicine for over 2000 years as well as a wide variety of traditional applications and has gained popularity in many continents as a herbal remedy; hence, it is being assessed for its safety potential and anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in some laboratory animals.Standard phytochemical methods were used to test for the presence of phytoactive compounds in the plant. Acute toxicity testing was carried out in mice to determine safe doses for the extract. The anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf extract of this plant was assessed using carrageenan-induced and histamine-induced paw edema. The analgesic effect was determined using the acetic acid writhing method as well as formalin test.The extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight reduced significantly, the formation of edema induced by carrageenan and histamine. In the acetic acid-induced writhing model, the extract showed a good analgesic effect characterized by reduction in the number of writhes when compared to the control. The extract caused dose-dependent decrease of licking time in rats injected with 2.5% formalin, signifying its analgesic effect. These results were also comparable to those of ibuprofen, the reference drug used in this study.The plant extract reduced significantly the formation of edema induced by carrageenan and histamine as well as reducing the number of writhes in acetic acid-induced writhing models and dose-dependent decrease of licking time in rats injected with 2.5% formalin. The results have validated the basis for the traditional use of

scholarly journals Withania frutescens: Chemical characterization, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and healing activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 927-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah EL Moussaoui ◽  
Fatima Zahra Jawhari ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Imane Maliki ◽  
Fatiha Sounni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Promising Source

AbstractWithania frutescens (W. frutescens) is a medicinal plant that is largely used in the Morrocan pharmacopeia for disease treatment. This work was conducted to investigate the chemical characterization, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and healing activities of W. frutescens. The chemical characterization of W. frutescens extract was done using HPLC; the anti-inflammatory test was performed with doses 300, 400 and 450 mg/kg, and the healing activity was assessed using two creams (extract 5% and extract 10%). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds. The results of the anti-inflammatory test were more pronounced when compared with the reference drug with a maximum inhibition percentage of 82.20% ± 8.69 obtained at the dose of 450 mg/kg. Local application of 10% plant cream induced 80.17% ± 7.89 of inflammation inhibition when compared with the indomethacin drug 92.33% ± 11.27. The studied plant extract showed a promising healing activity with the following percentage: 99.03% ± 0.76 (extract 10%), 98.61% ± 1.91 (extract 5%), and 57.43% ± 2.97 (control); meanwhile, the value reached to 100% ± 0.02 for the drug that was used as a reference within the first 2 weeks. The plant studied in this work would be a promising source for conceptualizing effective drugs against inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anti-diabetic Effect of Mucuna puriens Extract

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
N. Nwaji Njemuwa ◽  
N. Uduagwu Dickson ◽  
A. Elekwa Elizabeth ◽  
R. Mgbenka Uchenna ◽  
C. Njoku Ogbonnaya
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Reference Drug

Aims: To investigate the scientific basis for the anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity of Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) leaf ethanolic extract using alloxan-induced diabetic rats, DPPH and ABTS assay. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria between October 2013 and May 2014. Methodology: The polyphenol content was determined using Folin-Ciocaltu method and their linear relationship with antioxidant activity was evaluated using linear regression analysis. The antioxidant activity was determined using 1, 1-Diphenyl, 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and (2, 2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical assay. The active ingredients in the ethanolic extract were isolated using HPLC method. Also the ant-diabetic activity was determined in vivo using alloxan-induced diabetic wister rats.   Results: Ethanol extract showed the highest phenolic content as well as highest antioxidant activity. A strong relationship was found between phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. The HPLC analysis indicates the presence of gallic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin and (+)-catechin. The ethanolic extract at the concentration of 400 mg/kg significantly (P<0.001) increased the intracellular antioxidant enzymes and reduced the elavated serum lipids and showed more active than the reference drug (metformin). Conclusion: Based on the obtained result, the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity demonstrated by Mucuna pruriens leaf extracts provide good evidence to support the traditional use of this plant in treatment of diabetics.

scholarly journals The Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Jatropha pelargoniifolia Root Native to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Aati ◽  
Ali El-Gamal ◽  
Oliver Kayser ◽  
Atallah Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Induced Hyperthermia ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Extensive phytochemical analysis of different root fractions of Jatropha pelargoniifolia Courb. (Euphorbiaceae) has resulted in the isolation and identification of 22 secondary metabolites. 6-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumarin-7-O-β-d-glycopyranoside (15) and 2-hydroxymethyl N-methyltryptamine (18) were isolated and identified as new compounds along with the known diterpenoid (1, 3, 4, and 7), triterpenoid (2 and 6), flavonoid (5, 11, 13, 14, and 16), coumarinolignan (8–10), coumarin (15), pyrimidine (12), indole (17, 18), and tyramine-derived molecules (19–22). The anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities were evaluated for fifteen of the adequately available isolated compounds (1–6, 8–11, 13, 14, 16, 21, and 22). Seven (4, 6, 10, 5, 13, 16, and 22) of the tested compounds showed a significant analgesic effect ranging from 40% to 80% at 10 mg/kg in two in vivo models. Compound 1 could also prove its analgesic property (67.21%) when it was evaluated on a third in vivo model at the same dose. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was also recorded where all compounds showed the ability to scavenge nitric oxide (NO) radical in a dose-dependent manner. However, eight compounds (1, 4, 5, 6, 10, 13, 16, and 22) out of the fifteen tested compounds exhibited considerable in vivo anti-inflammatory activity which reached 64.91% for compound 10 at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Moreover, the tested compounds exhibited an antipyretic effect in a yeast-induced hyperthermia in mice. The activity was found to be highly pronounced with compounds 1, 5, 6, 10, 13, and 16 which decreased the rectal temperature to about 37 °C after 2 h of the induced hyperthermia (~39 °C) at a dose of 10 mg/kg. This study could provide scientific evidence for the traditional use of J. pelargoniifolia as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic.

scholarly journals Fractions of Selaginella convoluta (Arn.) Spring (Selaginellaceae) attenuate the nociceptive behavior events in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. R. Oliveira-Macêdo ◽  
A. G. M. Pacheco ◽  
S. R. G. Lima-Saraiva ◽  
J. C. Silva ◽  
R. G. Oliveira-Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Nociceptive Behavior ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Rota Rod Test ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Selaginella convoluta (Arn.) Spring is a species popularly known as “jericó”, and used in folk medicine as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to investigate in mice the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the hexane (Sc-Hex) and chloroform (Sc-CHCl3) fractions (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) obtained by partition of crude ethanol extract from S. convoluta. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the fractions was performed. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated by writhing, formalin and hot-plate tests. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The rota-rod test was used to evaluate motor coordination. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the Sc-Hex and the Sc-CHCl3 were positive for the presence of flavonoids, anthracene derivatives, quinones, triterpenes and steroids. Inhibition of writhing was observed for fractions tested. The Sc-Hex at all doses tested was effective in reducing the nociceptive behavior produced by formalin only in the second phase. However, the Sc-CHCl3 decreased the paw licking time in the first and second phases. In the hot plate no significant effect was observed for any fraction. In the rota-rod test, treated mice did not demonstrate any significant motor performance changes. In the carrageenan-induced pleurisy, Sc-CHCl3 (200 mg/kg) reduced cell migration to the pleural cavity. These results reveal the antinociceptive properties of S. convoluta , which support, in part, its traditional use, since the fractions did not presented significant activity in the inflammatory response profile. We further verify that this antinociceptive effect could be by activation of nociceptive peripheral pathway.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Psilocybe Natalensis Magic Mushroom

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanah M. Nkadimeng ◽  
Alice Nabatanzi ◽  
Christiaan M.L. Steinmann ◽  
Jacobus N. Eloff
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
First Time ◽  
Positive Controls

Psilocybin-containing mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms, have been used since ancient and recent times for depression and to improve quality of life. However, their anti-inflammatory properties are not known. The study aims at investing cytotoxicity; antioxidant; and, for the first time, anti-inflammatory effects of Psilocybe natalensis, a psilocybin-containing mushroom that grows in South Africa, on lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Macrophage cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and treated with different concentrations of Psilocybe natalensis mushroom extracted with boiling hot water, cold water and ethanol over 24 h. Quercetin and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester were used as positive controls. Effects of extracts on the lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and cytokine activities were investigated. Phytochemical analysis, and the antioxidant and cytotoxicity of extracts, were determined. Results showed that the three extracts inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin 1β cytokine production significantly in a dose-dependent manner close to that of the positive controls. A study proposed that ethanol and water extracts of Psilocybe natalensis mushroom were safe at concentrations used, and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds in the mushroom extracts.

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