scholarly journals Social support as a correlate of depression among people living with HIV and AIDS in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1016-1026
Author(s):  
Dorothy Ebere Adimora ◽  
Francisca Ngozi Ogba ◽  
Monica Obiageli Omeje ◽  
Fidelis Eze Amaeze ◽  
Friday Mamudu Adene
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Therapeutic Measure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Support Scale ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: Depression is a highly prevalent mental disorder among PLHIV, whilst social support is important in disease prevention, health promotion, therapeutic measure especially for PLHIV. Objectives: To ascertain the different types and sources of social support and their association with depression among PLHIV in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was a correlation with 2515 PLHIV in three teaching hospitals in South-Eastern Nige- ria. Data were collected between January to June, 2019 through interviews, using socio-demographic and Clinical Form and a Social Support Scale for PLHIV. SPSS-20 used for data analysis. Results: It was shown that average scores of instrumental and emotional social supports (IESS) were satisfactory and not influenced by sex (p = 0.894; p = 0.496), education (p = 0.805; p = 0.182), marital status (p = 0.076; p = 0.446) and length of antiretroviral therapy (p = 0.510; p = 0.136). People diagnosed for less than three years had more instrumental support (p = 0.05) than those diagnosed over three years. The regression score also revealed a high predictive power of IESS on depression of PLHIV. Conclusion: PLHIV have satisfactory social support, especially from family not residing in the same household and emo- tional social support from friends. Analyses identified knowledge gaps in the community regarding the social support re- ceived by PLHIV and their depression symptoms. Keywords: Depression; instrumental support; emotional support; HIV; AIDS.

scholarly journals SOCIAL SUPPORT FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samyla Citó Pedrosa ◽  
Maria Luciana Teles Fiuza ◽  
Gilmara Holanda da Cunha ◽  
Renata Karina Reis ◽  
Elucir Gir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Support Scale ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the social support for people with AIDS. It was a cross-sectional study, with 215 outpatients at a University Hospital in Northeastern Brazil. Data were collected from August to December 2012, through interviews, using a Socio-demographic and Clinical Form and a Social Support Scale for People Living with HIV/AIDS. Statistical Package for the Social Science was used for data analysis. Results showed that average scores of social emotional and instrumental support were satisfactory and not influenced by sex (p=0.954; p=0.508), education (p=0.756; p=0.194), marital status (p=0.076; p=0.446) and length of antiretroviral therapy (p=0.480; p=0.120). People diagnosed for less than three years had more instrumental support (p=0.048) than those diagnosed over three years (p=0.370). Neighbors, employers and health professionals provided less support. The conclusion was that people with AIDS have satisfactory social support, especially from friends and family not living in the same household.

scholarly journals Medication Adherence and Social Support in Regards to Apprehension of Death in People Living with HIV/AIDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachmawati Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Medication Regimen ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Apprehension of death for People Living with HIV and AIDS (PLWA) is influenced by discipline in their adherence to their medication regimen and the social support they receive. This research aims to study the roles of discipline in adherence to their medication regimen and of social support, in regards to their apprehension of death, for PLWA. The data collection method employed a scale of discipline in adhering to a medication regimen, a scale of the social support received, and a scale of the apprehension of death. The subjects of this research were 89 people with positive HIV/AIDS status, living in South Sumatera. Data analysis was by multiple regression. The multiple regression analysis results indicated that both adherences to a medication regimen, and social support, play roles in regards to apprehension of death. (R2 = 0.113; F = 5.473; p < 0.05). This research affirms the importance of internal and external factors in reducing the level of apprehension of death for PLWA.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING STIGMA – THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL APPROACHES

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1529-1535
Author(s):  
Rumiana Budjeva
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Stigma is a powerful tool for social control. It can be used to differentiate, exclude or exert pressure on certain individuals or groups of people who have certain characteristics. Stigma does great harm to both the individual and society as a whole. The main objective of stigma is to maintain visible the negative qualities of the individual in order to place them in a disadvantaged position and lasting social and psychological isolation. However, stigma goes beyond the level of the individual and becomes a social problem when it affects wider categories of people. The main purpose of the report is to seek adequate scientific approaches and methods to understanding and study of the phenomenon social stigma. Stigmatized people are often subject to rejection and social exclusion. In its extreme forms stigma turns into discrimination which directly violates their civil and human rights. Stigma and discrimination, seen as violations of fundamental human rights, can occur at different levels: political, economic, social, psychological and institutional. As social processes through which social control is created and maintained, generating, legitimizing and reproducing social inequality, stigma and discrimination are at the heart of the vicious circle in which some groups of people are underestimated and others feel superior and untouchable. To illustrate the process of stigmatization, we will use the example of people living with HIV / AIDS. Theory of stigmatization plays an important explanatory role in the experience of a comprehensive understanding of the social relations of phenomena such as HIV / AIDS. The deep understanding of the mechanisms by which stigma and discriminatory attitudes affect the overall life of people living with HIV / AIDS will help us not only to treat adequate them, but to form a workable and effective action against the spread of the disease. From the moment when scientists are confronted with HIV and AIDS, the social response to fear, denial, stigma and discrimination has accompanied the epidemic. It can be said that HIV and AIDS are more of a social phenomenon than a pure biological or medical problem. It leads to an unfounded sense of shame and guilt and a sense of futility. Stigma incites depression and despair, causes lack of self-esteem. It pushes people to mental and social isolation and deprives them of support and care, increasing their vulnerability. In this way, stigma exacerbates the negative impact of the disease and increases the risk of its spread.

scholarly journals Communicating Inequalities: Social Disparity Phenomena in Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 11001
Author(s):  
Hadi Suprapto Arifin ◽  
Ditha Prasanti ◽  
Ikhsan Fuady
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Social Disparity ◽  
Hiv Aids

The phenomenon of HIV and AIDS has evolved into one of the most endless issues of health and social issues in the world, thereby becoming an agenda in the Suistanable Development Goals (SDG’s) Indonesia until this year. Like the iceberg phenomenon, the problem of HIV AIDS is a contemporary issue related to human risk behavior, not just about health problems, but also about the social problems of one’s relationship with the environment. This is what triggered the emergence of social disparity in the tourist area of Pangandaran. The latest data shows Pangandaran as one of the highest areas of HIV AIDS infections. In reality, there is still a gap or disparity between geographic regions, population groups, and socioeconomic levels. Therefore, authors want to know the efforts of local government in highlighting cases of social disparity for HIV AIDS infections in the tourist area Pangandaran. The result of the research shows that there is still a social disparity phenomenon for people living wih HIV AIDS (ODHA) in Pangandaran tourism area, mainly related to 1) Facilitation of health services; 2) HIV AIDS epidemic and; 3) Availability of trained human resources to serve ODHA in Pangandaran. In this case, the local government continues to work and coordinate with various parties, communities, including NGOs of the Matahati Foundation and AHF (AIDS Health Care Foundation) to minimize social disparities for people living with HIV AIDS (ODHA) in Pangandaran.

scholarly journals Social support status and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kunming city, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Xiao-Wen Zhang ◽  
Bin Liao ◽  
Jun Liang ◽  
Wen-Jie He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Support Network ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background People living with HIV/AIDS not only require effective treatment for the alleviation of physical discomfort but also require social support to help them address difficulties in life and relieve their psychological anxiety and uneasiness. The social support network is of tremendous importance in helping people living with HIV/AIDS maintain good physical and mental health. This study aims to analyse the social support status among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kunming and explore associated factors. Method The Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used, and a questionnaire survey was conducted using convenience sampling to select people living with HIV/AIDS from 14 counties of Kunming. It collected information on general demographic information and social support status. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to explore the associated factors. Results A total of 990 valid questionnaires were completed. Data from all participants were analysed. Univariate analysis suggested that the factors associated with social support may include marital status, monthly income, and antiretroviral therapy. On the other hand, factors including monthly income and antiretroviral therapy accounted for the social support total score in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion Social support among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kunming was generally low. This study identified a number of factors associated with social support among people living with HIV/AIDS. Based on our findings, appropriate interventions should be introduced to provide social support for those living with HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Social support perceived by pregnant and puerperal women with HIV: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Silveira De Quadros ◽  
Tassiane Ferreira Langendorf ◽  
Wendel Mombaque Dos Santos ◽  
Cristiane Cardoso De Paula ◽  
Stela Maris de Mello Padoin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Instrumental Social Support ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Women With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objective: To assess whether the social support perceived by pregnant women with HIV is different from that observed by puerperal women also with HIV. Method: The study had a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional design. It was developed from April to November 2014 in southern Brazil with 78 participants. The Social Support Scale for people living with HIV/AIDS was applied. In addition, descriptive analysis, T-test, Fisher’s exact test, and linear logistic regression were performed. Results: There was a significant difference in total and instrumental social support scores, which show that the group of pregnant women report higher social support rates. Puerperal women are 8.8 times more likely to have low total social support (OR: 8.80; IC: 1.01-16.76) and 6.0 times more likely to have low instrumental social support (OR: 6.00; IC: 1.53-10.48). The level of satisfaction with the support from friends in the emotional (p =0.009) and instrumental (p =0.004) dimensions was low. It was evidenced that beingpregnant is a protective factor in comparison with being a puerperal woman. Conclusions: Puerperal women living with HIV are dissatisfied with the social support they perceive, which involves the clinical practice of health professionals. Therefore, health professionals must qualify health care in a way that includes the social dimension of this type of patients.

scholarly journals Social support status and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kunming city,China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Xiao Wen Zhang ◽  
Bin Liao ◽  
Jun Liang ◽  
Wen Jie He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Support Network ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background HIV/AIDS not only need effective treatment to alleviate their physical discomforts, but also need social support to help them solve their life difficulties and relieve their psychological anxiety and uneasiness.Social support network is of great significance to help HIV/AIDS maintain good physical and mental health.This study aims to analyse the social support status among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kunming and explore the associated factors. Method A Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS) was used,and the questionnaire survey was conducted by using the method of convenient sampling to select HIV/AIDS from 14 county of Kunming city.It collected information on general demographic information and social support status.Univariate and multivariate linear regressions models were used to explore the associated factors. Results A total of 990 valid questionnaires were completed.Data from all patients were analyzed. Univariate analysis suggested that the factors associated with social support may include marital status,monthly income,antiretroviral therapy.On the other hand, factors including monthly income and antiretroviral therapy account for social support total score in multivariate analysis. Conclusion The social support of HIV/AIDS in Kunming was generally low. This study identified a number of factors associated with social support among HIV/AIDS.Based on our findings,appropriate interventions should be introduced to provide social support for HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals DINAMIKA DEPRESI PADA PENDERITA AIDS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Imadduddin Parhani
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Health Problem ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Living With Hiv

Depression is a major mental health problem today. This is very important because people with depression productivity will decrease and this is very bad for a society and a country that is building. There are at least four chronic diseases that allow the depression sufferer, one of which is HIV and AIDS. Given the uncertainty over the fate of people living with HIV and AIDS had the potential to give rise to feelings of anxiety and depression. Someone who is infected with HIV and AIDS will be overcome by a feeling of dying, guilt about the behavior that makes infection, and taste sequestered by others.The cause of depression in people with HIV and AIDS by cognitive approach that is the mindset of people who deviate from the pattern of the logical interpretation or misinterprets an event or events, focusing on the negative situations that happened to him, and hope that pessimistic and negative about the future. Symptoms are raised is their depressed mood, decreased interest or pleasure in absolute terms, average of worthlessness or excessive guilt, thoughts of death. Response or reaction that occurs is refused, angry, and depressed when he learned he was infected with HIV and AIDS, and eventually be able to accept his situation. Efforts are being made to reduce depression are manifold. One is through social support to colleagues who also have HIV and AIDS.

scholarly journals A Social Ecological Approach to Exploring Barriers to Accessing Sexual and Reproductive Health Services among Couples Living with HIV in Southern Malawi

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Chimphamba Gombachika ◽  
Heidi Fjeld ◽  
Ellen Chirwa ◽  
Johanne Sundby ◽  
Address Malata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Living With Hiv

With wide access to antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV are living longer. The reduction in the mother-to-child transmission of HIV has encouraged some people living with HIV to have children and remarry. However, some continue to have limited access to sexual and reproductive health services. The study explores barriers encountered by couples living with HIV in accessing sexual and reproductive health services using the social ecological model. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with twenty couples purposively sampled in matrilineal Chiradzulu and patrilineal Chikhwawa communities in Malawi from July to December 2010. Data were analyzed using framework analysis method. The study findings identify barriers across the five levels of the social ecological model indicating that the use of sexual and reproductive health services is influenced by diverse factors. We suggest three main areas for primary intervention: services must be located closer to their communities and integrated with existing antiretroviral services. In addition, information gatekeepers, both formal and informal, should be empowered with knowledge about sexual and reproductive health, including HIV and AIDS. Finally, there is a need to coordinate the flow of reproductive health, HIV, and AIDS information between Malawi Ministry of Health and formal and informal organizations.

scholarly journals HIV in the Heartland: Experiences of Living with HIV in Urban and Rural Areas of the Midwest

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Donley ◽  
C. Lockett
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Scholarly research on HIV/AIDS and stigma has largely demonstrated a different experience for people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) who inhabit urban and rural areas. Largely missing from this scholarship are experiences in low prevalence areas. Low prevalence areas typically have fewer resources, social networks, and HIV infection and prevalence is less common. In this paper, we examine the challenges PLWHAs in rural and urban areas of the Midwest face and how these individuals manage, respond, and combat HIV/AIDS related stigmas in their communities. This paper utilizes interview data to understand the lived experiences of 18 persons living with HIV and AIDS. This paper reveals that respondents in rural areas are likely to be geographically dispersed, struggle with accessing healthcare services, believe their communities are less tolerant, and are less likely to disclose their positive status or seek out social support. Respondents who lived in urban areas were more likely to disclose their positive status, have access to AIDS service organizations and social support, and to participate in advocacy in the “HIV Community.” Our study demonstrates how social and community context are agentic players in shaping life chances, decisions, and behavior of the PLWHAs we interviewed.

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