scholarly journals Amelioration of lead induced changes in the testes of sprague-dawley rats, by methanol extract of Telfaria occidentalis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1606-1613
Author(s):  
B.A. Falana ◽  
W.M. Adekeye ◽  
S.O. Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Telfairia Occidentalis ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The prevalence of infertility due to industrial, environmental and pharmaceutical toxins induced by lead in Nigeria and in developing countries is alarming. The use of medicinal plants as fertility enhancer in human is now in the increase because of the shifting of attention from synthetic drugs to natural plants. Thus, this study investigated the effect of methanolic extract of Telfairia occidentalis on (Pb) lead-induced testicular damage in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty-four (24) Sprague dawley (SD) rats with average weight of 130g were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each. Group A served as the control group administered normal saline. Group B received 75mg/kg body weight of lead (Pb) as Lead nitrate only. Group C received 75mg/kg body weight of lead (Pb) and 300mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract of Telfairia Occidentalis, while Group D receive 300mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract of Telfairia Occidentalis only. Administration was via oral canula and the animals were sacrificed on 15th day. Blood samples were obtained via the left ocular sinus for haematological and hormonal studies while the testes and epididymis were removed and fixed in Bouin’s fluid for histological analysis. Administration of Telfairia Occidentalis improves testicular testosterone and PCV levels and also restored the histoarchitecture of the testes in SD rats. It is therefore suggested that the antioxidant potential of this wonder plant may have beneficial effects in treating male factor infertility as shown in this present study.Keywords: Male infertility, Telfairia occidentalis, Lead (Pb), Antioxidants

scholarly journals Subacute Toxicity of Brown Truffle (Terfezia claveryi) on Sprague-Dawley Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Hiewa O. Dyary
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Terfezia Claveryi

Brown truffle (Terfezia claveryi) is a wild fungi species collected and consumed by humans in Iraq, especially during the raining season, from February to April. However, the toxicological effects of this fungus have not been studied in humans. This study tested the subacute toxicity of brown truffle’s methanolic extract on a rat model. Daily oral doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg were administered to adult Sprague-Dawley rat groups of both sexes for 14 days. There were no behavioral changes, no alterations in body weight, organ weight, and body weight gain (p>0.05) in the treated rats, compared to the untreated control group. The hematological and serum biochemical parameters did not show significant (p>0.05) differences from the control. Microscopic examinations of the brain, lungs, liver, spleen, kidney, and heart tissues revealed no pathological lesions in treated rats’ organs. These results imply that the administration of methanolic extract of T. claveryi to rats does not result in observable toxicity

scholarly journals Synergistic suppression of pre-perfusion of donor livers with recipient serum and cobra venom factor treatment on hyperacute rejection following liver xenotransplantation

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohua Zhu ◽  
Chuanming Tong ◽  
Weitao Guo ◽  
Rong Pu ◽  
Guoping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Hyperacute Rejection ◽  
Cobra Venom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Donor Liver ◽  
Cobra Venom Factor ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Control

PURPOSE: To investigate synergistic suppression of donor liver pre-perfusion with recipient serum (RS) and cobra venom factor (CVF) treatment on hyperacute rejection (HAR) following liver xenotransplantation. METHODS: Guinea-pigs (GP, n=24) and Sprague-Dawley rats (SD, n=24) were recruited. Before transplantation, serum was collected from SD rats and used for preparation of inactivated complements. GP and SD rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n=6), respectively: RS group, CVF group, RS+CVF group and control group. Orthotopic liver xenotransplantation was performed with modified two-cuff technique. The survival time and liver function of recipients, morphological and pathological changes in rat livers were investigated. RESULTS: There was no piebald like change in the recipient livers in all experiment groups. The survival time of recipients in all experiment groups was longer than that in control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the survival time in the RS+CVF group was markedly longer than that in the RS group (p<0.01) and CVF group (p<0.05). The serum ALT level in all experiment groups were lower than that in the control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the ALT level in the RS+CVF group was significantly lower than that in the CVF group (p<0.05) and RS group (p<0.01). The histological damages were significantly improved when compared with the control group, and the histological damages in the RS+CVF group were milder than those in the remaining groups (p<0.05) CONCLUSION: Pre-perfusion of donor liver with recipient serum and cobra venom factor treatment can exert synergistic suppressive effects on the hyperacute rejection following liver xenotransplantation.

SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY OF MALAYSIAN ACALYPHA INDICA: BIOCHEMISTRY AND HAEMATOLOGY ANALYSIS OF RAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norazlanshah Hazali ◽  
Nurul Nadia Mohd Nazri ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Mashita Masri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dosage Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
High Dosage Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Acalypha Indica

Acalypha indica is one of the medicinal plants that have been used since ages to treat various diseases such as pneumoniae, asthma and skin diseases. This study aimed to explore the subchronic toxicity effect of Acalypha indica on Sprague Dawley rats based on haematological and biochemical parameters. The extract of Acalypha indica was prepared by aqueous extraction technique. 48 Sprague Dawley rats aged 7 weeks, weighing 150-200g were randomly divided into four groups, 6 animals per gender. A control group received water vehicle while three treated groups received the extract at dosage of 100 (low dosage group), 200 (medium dosage group) and 300 (high dosage group) mg/kg body weight. The sample was administered orally by using oral gavage daily for 90 days. No sign of toxicity and mortality was recorded in all groups throughout the study. There were no significant different (p>0.05) in body weight gain, food and water intake between control and treatment group. However, there was significant different in uric acid between control and high dosage group of male and female rats but the mean were in normal range. There were also reduced in mean of urea and creatinine in all dosage group of male and urea for all dosage group of female. Statistically significant reduced in urea was recorded between control and high dosage group of male only. Other parameters showed no significant different between control and treatment groups. Therefore, Acalypha indica is safe for human consumption and might be potential in reducing kidney damage problem.

scholarly journals Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Study ofEuphorbia hirtaL. Methanol Extract in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwan Yuet Ping ◽  
Ibrahim Darah ◽  
Yeng Chen ◽  
Subramaniam Sreeramanan ◽  
Sreenivasan Sasidharan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

DespiteEuphorbia hirtaL. ethnomedicinal benefits, very few studies have described the potential toxicity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate thein vivotoxicity of methanolic extracts ofE. hirta. The acute and subchronic oral toxicity ofE. hirtawas evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. The extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg did not produce treatment related signs of toxicity or mortality in any of the animals tested during the 14-day observation period. Therefore, the LD 50 of this plant was estimated to be more than 5000 mg/kg. In the repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study, the administration of 50 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg/day ofE. hirtaextract per body weight revealed no significant difference (P>0.05) in food and water consumptions, body weight change, haematological and biochemical parameters, relative organ weights, and gross findings compared to the control group. Macropathology and histopathology examinations of all organs including the liver did not reveal morphological alteration. Analyses of these results with the information of signs, behaviour, and health monitoring could lead to the conclusion that the long-term oral administration ofE. hirtaextract for 90 days does not cause sub-chronic toxicity.

Lack of Oncogenicity of Wood Creosote, the Principal Active Ingredient of Seirogan, an Herbal Antidiarrheal Medication, in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoo Kuge ◽  
Takashi Shibata ◽  
Michael S. Willett ◽  
Patricia Turck ◽  
Karl A. Traul
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Wood Creosote

Seirogan, an herbal medicine containing wood creosote (tablets, 10.0% w/w), has been developed and marketed for almost a century in various countries for the control of acute diarrhea and treatment of associated symptoms, such as abdominal cramping. Wood creosote (CAS no. 8021–39–4) is a mixture of simple phenolic compounds, including guaiacol and creosol and related compounds, and is chemically distinct from, and should not be confused with, coal tar creosote, a known carcinogen. In the current study, the oncogenic potential of wood creosote was assessed in a 96/103-week oral gavage study in Sprague-Dawley rats. Groups of 60 rats/sex received wood creosote at dose levels of 20, 50, or 200 mg/kg body weight [bw]/day. An additional group of rats received the vehicle, 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose in deionized, distilled water, at the same dose volume as the treatment groups (10 ml/kg) and served as the controls. Treatment-related decreases in survival, body weight, and food consumption, as well as increased incidences of clinical signs that included rales, decreased activity, and salivation, were noted at 200 mg/kg bw/day when compared with the control group. There was an increased incidence of reddened and edematous lungs in rats from the 200 mg/kg bw/day group that died during the study. The lung findings were suggestive of test article aspiration during dose administration or agonal aspiration preceding and possibly resulting in death, especially because these observations were not seen in animals that survived to scheduled sacrifice. Additionally, phenols are generally recognized as having corrosive properties. There were no changes in clinical pathology and no increases in neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesions, excluding the lung findings, related to treatment with wood creosote at any dose level. Although the results of this study indicate that the maximum tolerated dose of wood creosote was met or exceeded at 200 mg/kg bw/day, there was no evidence of oncogenicity at any dose level. The lack of any evidence of oncogenicity supports the safety profile of the active ingredient in Seirogan, wood creosote.

scholarly journals THE COMBINATION INFUSION OF Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn., Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. AND Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. EFFECTS ON TESTOSTERONE LEVELS AND INTRODUCTION, CLIMBING AND COITUS FREQUENCIES IN MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Nuning Rahmawati ◽  
Ika Yanti Marfuatush Sholikhah
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza

ABSTRACT Talinum paniculatum (som Java) reported to have many pharmacological activities such as increasing spermatozoa quality, cell regenerations, fertility, and antibacterial effect both empirically and scientifically. This study aimed to prove the combination infusion effects of som Java, gotu kola, and temulawak on introduction, climbing, and coitus levels as well as testosterone levels in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. SD rats were divided into 2 groups, control group received aquadest, treatment group received formula a mixture of som java Talinum paniculatum) root, gotu kola (Centella asiatica) herb, and Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) rhizome with the dose of 491,2 mg/200 g BW for 7 consecutive days. Artificial estrus of female SD rats were induced by administering estradiol valerat 2 mg/200 g BW 48 hours before observation. The determined parameters were levels of testosterone as well as introduction, climbing and coitus frequencies. Administration of estradiol valerat led to artificial estrus induction of female SD rats. The administration of the combination infusion dose 491.2 mg/200 g BW significantly increased testosterone level as well as introduction and climbing frequencies of male SD rats as of 27.77%; 86.39% and 69.17% respectively. ABSTRAK Som jawa (Talinum paniculatum) secara empiris dan ilmiah terbukti telah banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat untuk mengatasi berbagai masalah kesehatan diantaranya untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas spermatozoa, regenerasi sel, fertilitas, dan sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan efek peningkatan kadar hormon testosteron serta frekuensi introduction, climbing, dan coitus tikus jantan SD dari pengaruh infusa kombinasi som jawa, pegagan, dan temulawak. Hewan uji tikus galur SD dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol diberikan akuades, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan diberikan infusa ramuan akar som jawa, herba pegagan, dan rimpang temulawak dosis 491,2 mg/200 g bb selama 7 hari berturut-turut. Induksi estrus artifisial tikus betina dengan pemberian estradiol valerat 2 mg/200 g bb dilakukan 48 jam sebelum pengamatan. Parameter yang diukur meliputi kadar testosterone, frekuensi introduction, climbing, dan coitus. Dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, pemberian infusa ramuan tidak berefek pada frekunsi coitus, namun mampu meningkatkan kadar testosteron serta frekuensi introduction dan climbing tikus jantan sebesar 27,77; 86,39 dan 69,17%.          

scholarly journals Histological and biochemical effects of Cinnamomum cassia nanoparticles in kidneys of diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koffi Kouame ◽  
Aniekan Imo Peter ◽  
Edidiong Nnamso Akang ◽  
Roshila Moodley ◽  
Edwin Coleridge Naidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cinnamomum Cassia ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

This study investigated the antidiabetic activity of Cinnamomum cassia (C. cassia, Cc) silver nanoparticles (CcAgNPS) and effects of C. cassia on the kidneys of rats with induced type 2 diabetes. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 ± 20 g were induced with diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg). Animals were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 6) and treated for eight weeks with normal saline (control, group A), 5 mg/kg of CcAgNPs (group B), 10 mg/kg of CcAgNPs (group C), or 200 mg/kg of Cc (group D). Body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured weekly and fortnightly, respectively. At the end of experiments, animals were euthanized, blood and kidney tissue samples were collected for biochemistry (oxidative stress markers and renal function parameters) and kidneys were harvested for histology (PAS and HE staining). Body weight was significantly higher in group B and C vs. control (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in the kidney-to-body weight ratio between groups. FBG, glutathione, malondialdehyde, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, serum urea and creatinine were significantly lower in group B, C and/or D vs. control (all p < 0.05). In group A, severe distortion of the glomerular network was observed, marked by the loss of capsular integrity, thickened basement membrane, tubular cells with pyknotic nuclei, vacuolization, and interstitial space with infiltrations. These adverse effects were mitigated by 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of CcAgNPs. Our study confirms structural and functional damage to kidneys caused by diabetes. CcAgNPs have a regenerative potential in diabetes-induced kidney damage and may be used as an antidiabetic agent.

scholarly journals Safety and Effectiveness of Mist Antiaris, a Herbal Preparation for Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
S. Antwi ◽  
J. Asiedu-Larbi ◽  
O. N. K. Martey ◽  
O. Quasie ◽  
M. Boakye-Yiadom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Mist Antiaris is a herbal decoction for treatment of nervous disorders. Safety and efficacy were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats and human patients, respectively. Acute toxicity was assessed by administration of a single 5000 mg/kg oral dose of decoction to a group of six rats. For subchronic toxicity, four groups of six rats each received water (control) or 10, 100, or 200 mg/kg oral doses of decoction daily for eight weeks. Body weight, serum, urine, and hematological profile of the animals in each group were monitored over the period. Effects of treatment on pentobarbital-induced sleeping time and histology of liver, lung, heart, and kidney tissue were assessed at the end of the study. There was no evidence of acute toxicity within 48 hours of the oral dose. Over the 8-week period, body weight increases in Mist Antiaris treatment groups were reduced relative to the control group. There were no significant differences in urine profile, serum biochemistry, hematological parameters, and pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. Tissue histology revealed no differences relative to controls. Assessment of efficacy was by retrospective review of data on patients who presented with peripheral neuropathy. Treatment resulted in 53.7 % of patients reporting complete resolution and 15.7 % showing reduction in neuropathic symptoms. The data demonstrate that there is no toxicity due to subchronic administration of Mist Antiaris in Sprague-Dawley rats. The reduction or resolution of neuropathic symptoms indicated by patents’ file data provides evidence to suggest that Mist Antiaris has antineuropathic effects.

Pharmacokinetics of bio-shell-silver-core nanoparticles (AgNP) in Sprague-Dawley Rats – In vivo study

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asra Parveen ◽  
Vijay kumar B. Malashetty ◽  
Sushruta Marla ◽  
Shanth Reddy ◽  
Sidramappa Sirsand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Background: Silver nanoparticles have been widely used in the field of nanomedicine. A comprehensive understanding of their pharmacokinetics is crucial for proper risk assessment and safe biomedical applications. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety of silver nanoparticles by determining its potential toxicity following 28 days administration in Sprague Dawley rats. Method: The silver nanoparticles were administered by intravenous injection at the doses of 100, 200 and 500 µg/kg body weight for 28 consecutive days. Animals in the control group were received sterile water for injection. Each group consists of 10 male and 10 female rats. Results: No treatment related effects were seen in any of the parameters monitored in rats given 100, 200 and 500 µg/kg body weight/day of silver nanoparticles. Conclusion: The study proved that the use of up to 500 µg/kg body weight biosynthesized silver nanoparticles have no toxic effect in the target organs and found safe. However, the safety of the nanoparticles might be attributed to the covering of biological moieties on nanoparticles. Hence, the biofunctionalized nanoparticles can be safely used by selecting the required size and dose in medicines and drug delivery systems.

Dosimetry and pathology of 237Np in female rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Sontag ◽  
R. Wirth ◽  
A. Luz ◽  
E. Schäffer ◽  
V. Volf
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Life Span ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Female Sprague-Dawley rats, 10-12-week old and weigh ing about 240 g, were injected intravenously with 237Np nitrate. In the toxicological study 77 rats served as controls and 28 rats per group received single doses of 5.2 and 26 kBq, respectively, per kg body weight. In addition, 12 rats of each injection level, sacrificed at defined points in time, were used for dosimetric studies. During the whole life-span the body weight and 237Np whole body-content of each animal were recorded. After death a detailed pathological examination was made of each animal in the cronical study. One day after injection 48% of the injected activity was in the skeleton, 9.3% in the liver, 3% in the kidneys and 4.4% in the rest of the organs. Whereas in all organs the activity decreased very fast, the half-life in the skeleton was about 1400 days. The bodyweights were comparable in the three groups, but the life span decreased from 800 days (control group) to 644 days after injection (26 kBq kg -1 body weight group). The main lesions in the female rats were mammary tumors (73%) and pituitary gland tumors (52%). With increasing activity the incidence of pituary gland tumors decreased and that of osteosarco mas increased from 1.3% (control group) to 32% (26 kBq kg-1 body weight group), whereas the remaining lesions showed no influence on the activity.

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