scholarly journals Effect of salinity stress on the antioxidant defence systems of two varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

Bio-Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1306-1316
Author(s):  
Lailaba Abubakar Aminu ◽  
Mukhtar Musa ◽  
Micheal Anyekema ◽  
Umar Faruk Magaji ◽  
Hassan Wara Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Moderate Salinity ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase ◽  
Stress Oxidative ◽  
Antioxidant Markers

Osmotic stress, oxidative stress and oxidation of essential macromolecules are common consequences of salinity stress that limit plant growth and productivity. Plants are known to evolve several strategies such as upsurge of antioxidant defence systems (ADS) and accumulation of osmolytes, so as to thrive under such conditions. In the present study, the effect of salinity stress (using irrigation method) on ADS of two cultivars (IT-99 and IT-288) of cowpea was examined. Plant samples (roots, young leaves and matured leaves) were harvested on day 21 of treatment with saline solution (100 – 400 mM NaCl). Antioxidant markers and osmolytes levels were quantified and compared with the controls (0.0 mM NaCl). The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase significantly increased (p<0.05) in the leaves, except for IT-288 where catalase activity significantly decreased (p<0.05) when compared to the control. On the contrary, catalase and peroxidase activities significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the roots of both cultivars. Largely, ascorbate, glutathione (GSH) and tocopherols levels increased as salinity increases, except for GSH in roots of IT-99, and leaves of IT-288. The amount of flavonoids detected in the same tissue were not significantly (p>0.05) different in all the salinity levels investigated. The level of proline increased at moderate salinity levels in all samples and at high salinity in roots of IT-99 and mature leaves of IT-288. For IT-99, levels of glycinebetaine significantly increased (p<0.05) at high salinity, but significantly decreased at similar levels in IT-288. H2O2 levels significantly increased in the roots but decreased (p<0.05) in leaves samples. Malondialdehyde concentration generally increased significantly (p<0.05) when compared with control. The findings of these study suggest that both cultivars were induced to express higher antioxidant activity and to a certain extent synthesis of more osmolytes.

scholarly journals Mahameru Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivar, High Salinity Tolerant

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Juwarno Juwarno ◽  
Tata Brata Suparjana ◽  
Muachiroh Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Soybean Plants

Mahameru cultivar is high salinity tolerant cultivar. The previous study result showed Mahameru cultivar could tolerate 140mM NaCl, but Cilacap Coast salinity levels often reaching 200mM NaCl. A research of salinity stress on Mahameru cultivar at 200 mM NaCl have not conducted yet. Therefore to conduct the research of Mahameru at high salinity stress to obtained high salinity tolerant soybean cultivar.   The observed variables are anatomy (epidermis thickness, the density of stomata and trichomes, palisade thickness) physiology (the dry weight of roots and canopy, the content of chlorophyll a and b) Production (whole pod, total filled pod, total empty pod, weight per one-hundred beans). The salinity treatment was 0, 50,100, 150, 200 mM NaCl given at three days before planting and twenty-one days after planting. The data of anatomy and physiology was taken at forty-five days after planting. The production data was taken when soybean plants turned brown. The result indicates that salinity affects anatomy characteristic of leaf, higher the salinity increasing epidermis thickness and the density of stomata and trichomes. Salinity affected the content of chlorophyll a and b. Higher the salinity increased the content of chlorophyll a and b. Salinity did not affect soybean production. Based on this study Mahameru cultivar is resistant to salinity up to 200 mM NaCl. The benefit of this research help to enhance national soybean production with utilization coastal land for soybean planting Mahameru cultivar.         

scholarly journals Exogenous application of KNO3 elevates the salinity tolerance of Stevia rebaudiana through ion homeostasis mechanism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitali Mahajan ◽  
Surbhi Sharma ◽  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Probir Kumar Pal
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Moderate Salinity ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Normal Water

AbstractThough relatively little is understood of adaptation, physiological and metabolic changes of Stevia rebaudiana under exposure to salinity stress, it is hypothesized that exogenous application of potassium (K+) could elevates the salinity tolerance through ions homeostasis. Thus, an experiment was conducted with twenty treatment combinations comprising four salinity levels (irrigation with normal water as control and three level of NaCl at 40, 80 and 120 mM) and five different concentrations of KNO3 (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 g L−1). Dry leaf yield was not negatively affected with mild salinity (40 mM). However, the detrimental effects were observed at moderate and higher salinity levels (80 and 120 mM). The uptakes of K+, Ca2+, and N were significantly reduced at higher salinity level, whereas accumulations of Na+ and Cl− ions in plant tissues were substantially increased. Proline content in leaf was also increased significantly (P≤0.05) in response to salt stress. Among the foliar application, KNO3 at 5.0 gL−1 registered significantly (P≤0.05) higher dry leaf yield compared with control. Exogenous application of K+ under moderate salinity stress maintained ion balance in cytosol, particularly K: Na. Thus, the salinity tolerance of stevia can be elevated to some extent through exogenous application of K+.HighlightThe detrimental effects of moderate and higher salinity levels on growth and dry leaf yield of stevia were observed. However, tolerance level can be elevated through exogenous application of KNO3.

scholarly journals Effect of Planting Methods and Gypsum Application on Yield and Water Productivity of Wheat under Salinity Conditions in North Nile Delta

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 853
Author(s):  
Hesham Aboelsoud ◽  
Bernard Engel ◽  
Khaled Gad
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Normal Salinity ◽  
Gypsum Application

Salinity and water shortage are the most important factors limiting crop productivity, so increasing the productivity of salt-affected soils is important to address the global food gap. Two field experiments were conducted under typical farm conditions in the North Nile Delta to study the effect of planting methods and gypsum application on wheat yield and water productivity under a range of water and soil salinity levels. In the first experiment, wheat was treated with gypsum (25%, 75%, and 100% gypsum-requirement) with moderate or high salinity in soil and water. The second experiment was conducted for two seasons at two sites to test three planting methods (flat, 60-cm furrows, and 120-cm raised-beds) under normal or high salinity levels of both soil and water. The results showed that gypsum alleviated the hazardous effects of salinity stress on grain yield. Raised furrows or beds under higher salinity levels increased soil salinity, and soil salinity was slightly increased with flat plots. Higher yields, water savings, and water productivities were achieved with raised furrows or beds under normal salinity. To improve yield under normal salinity conditions, raised beds are the recommended planting method. Furthermore, gypsum application in cultivated fields can mitigate the negative effects of salinity stress.

Effects of salinity stress on starch morphology, composition and thermal properties during grain development in triticale

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang-Feng He ◽  
Ravinder Goyal ◽  
André Laroche ◽  
Meng-Li Zhao ◽  
Zhen-Xiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Gelatinization Temperature ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Moderate Salinity

He, J.-F., Goyal, R., Laroche, A., Zhao, M.-L. and Lu, Z.-X. 2013. Effects of salinity stress on starch morphology, composition and thermal properties during grain development in triticale. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 765–771. Triticale is a man-made cereal crop developed from a cross between wheat and rye. It has excellent agronomic traits for starch production on arid and semi-arid lands. This study investigated the effects of salinity stress on the alterations of starch morphology, composition and physicochemical properties during triticale grain development. Three triticale varieties (AC Certa, AC Ultima and Blue Alta) were treated with three levels of NaCl solutions (50, 100 and 200 mM), termed low salinity stress (LSS), moderate salinity stress (MSS) and high salinity stress (HSS), respectively. Reduction in seed weight and starch content were observed under salinity stress; the values decreased by 9–42% under MSS and 18–51% under HSS. MSS and HSS favored an increase of amylose synthesis and accumulation in triticale starch. Triticale starch synthesized under salinity stress showed a decreased population of small granules and an increased ratio on A-type to B-type granules. MSS and HSS decreased the peak temperature and increased the starch enthalpy, and an inverse relationship between salinity stress and a range of starch gelatinization temperature was also observed. This is the first report demonstrating that starch morphology, composition and thermal properties in triticale grains can be significantly affected by salinity stress.

scholarly journals EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF CASTOR BEANS GROWN UNDER SALINITY CONDITIONS (VARIETIES BRS ENERGIA, MPA 34 AND MPB 01)

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-811
Author(s):  
RAFAEL ANTÔNIO PRESOTTO ◽  
GHILHERME ZOLLI ALVES ◽  
ELISAMARA CALDEIRA DO NASCIMENTO ◽  
GLAUCIO DA CRUZ GENUNCIO ◽  
EVERALDO ZONTA
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Moderate Salinity ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

ABSTRACT Studies have shown that some plant species exhibit satisfactory production levels when grown under high salinity levels, whereas others exhibit decreased production due to sodium sensitivity even at low sodium concentrations. The castor bean is moderately sensitive to salinity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the early growth of three castor bean varieties (BRS Energia, MPA 34 and MPB 01) grown in nutrient solution with increasing sodium concentrations (control, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mmol L-1). A completely randomized split-plot experimental design was used, with a 5x3 factorial scheme and three replicates per treatment. Salinity resulted in decreased dry weight of all castor bean varieties grown for 31 days under hydroponic conditions. The dry weight accumulation was less affected at the root than at the shoot level. Nevertheless, the shoot dry weight decreased with the increasing salinity. MPA 34 exhibited higher early growth than the remaining tested varieties. Salinity affected the early development of the tested castor bean varieties, and this effect was more pronounced at the shoot than at the root. Variety MPA 34 is promising for cultivation under moderate salinity levels.

scholarly journals Exogenous Sodium Nitroprusside Mitigates Salt Stress in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) by Affecting the Growth, Yield, and Biochemical Properties

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2576
Author(s):  
Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir ◽  
Ayesha Khan ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Allah Wasaya ◽  
Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Moderate Salinity ◽  
Salinity Levels

Soil salinity disrupts the physiological and biochemical processes of crop plants and ultimately leads to compromising future food security. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a contributor to nitric oxide (NO), holds the potential to alleviate abiotic stress effects and boost tolerance in plants, whereas less information is available on its role in salt-stressed lentils. We examined the effect of exogenously applied SNP on salt-stressed lentil plants by monitoring plant growth and yield-related attributes, biochemistry of enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD)) amassing of leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Salinity stress was induced by NaCl application at concentrations of 50 mM (moderate salinity) and 100 mM (severe salinity), while it was alleviated by SNP application at concentrations of 50 µM and 100 µM. Salinity stress severely inhibited the length of roots and shoots, the relative water content, and the chlorophyll content of the leaves, the number of branches, pods, seeds, seed yield, and biomass per plant. In addition, MDA, H2O2 as well as SOD, CAT, and POD activities were increased with increasing salinity levels. Plants supplemented with SNP (100 µM) showed a significant improvement in the growth- and yield-contributing parameters, especially in plants grown under moderate salinity (50 mM NaCl). Essentially, the application of 100 µM SNP remained effective to rescue lentil plants under moderate salinity by regulating plant growth and biochemical pathways. Thus, the exogenous application of SNP could be developed as a useful strategy for improving the performance of lentil plants in salinity-prone environments.

scholarly journals Response on Growth and Production of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) on Gibberelin Under Salinity Stress Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Aisar Novita ◽  
Nini Rahmawati ◽  
Fitra Syawal Harahap ◽  
Hilwa Walida ◽  
Abdul Rahman Cemda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Vetiveria Zizanioides ◽  
Green House ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) plants are able to protect the soil from erosion and are tolerant of salinity stress. However, at high salinity levels, vetiver plants show a decreasing growth. The application of gibberelin is expected to increase the growth of vetiver in salinity stress conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth responsiveness and production of vetiver the application of gibberelin under salinity stress conditions. This research was conducted in the green house of the Faculty of Agiculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. This study used a non-factorial completely randomized design, namely the salinity stress (S) which consisted of 3 levels, each treatment was repeated 3 times, so that 9 treatment combinations were obtained: the concentration of gibberelin was 0 (no treatment), 50 ppm and 100 ppm.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity Stress on Enzymatic Antioxidants Defense System of Two Maize (Zea mays L.). Varieties

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Zulkallaini Shehu ◽  
A. L. Abubakar ◽  
M. Musa ◽  
Abdullahi Muhammad Labbo ◽  
Zainab Hassan Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Major Factors

Maize is an economically important cereal crop cultivated worldwide depending on suitable climate condition. maize production is hindered by biotic and abiotic factors. Salinity is one of the major factors that affect maize yield. Plant respond to salinity by changes in their antioxidant enzymes activities which include Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR). In the present study, maize seedlings were subjected to salinity stress at a different concentrations of 50 mM, 100 mM and 150 mM NaCl and were watered regularly with normal pure water. Root, mature leaves and young leaves were collected after 21 days of sowing and antioxidant enzyme activities in the collected samples were assayed using enzymatic method. A significant (P<0.05) increase in MDA and H2O2 concentration was observed in the roots and young leaves for NaCl-treated samples as compared to the control. Activities of CAT increased significantly (P<0.05) in all organs (root, mature leaves and young leaves) of salt treated maize seedling, while SOD and POX increased specifically in mature leaves. This indicates a possible role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the systemic signalling from roots to leaves, allowing leaves to activate their defence mechanism for better protection against salt stress.

Effect of moderate salinity stress treatment on the stimulation of proline uptake and growth in Escherichia coli CSH4 and its mutants under high salinity

2009 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Nagata ◽  
Yaoqiang Wang ◽  
Hongyan Zhang ◽  
Hideaki Sasaki ◽  
Akinobu Oshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Moderate Salinity ◽  
Stimulation Of

Karakter Morfologi Daun Ubi Jalar Sebagai Bahan Pangan Suku Dani Distrik Kurulu Jayawijaya

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonius Suparno ◽  
Opalina Logo ◽  
Dwiana Wasgito Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Tuber Roots

Sweet potato serves as a staple food for people in Jayawijaya. Many cultivars of sweet potatoes have been cultivated by Dani tribe in Kurulu as foot for their infant, child and adult as well as feeding especially for pigs. Base on the used of sweet potatoes as food source for infant and child, this study explored 10 different cultivars. As for the leaf morphology, it was indentified that the mature leaves have size around 15 � 18 cm. general outline of the leaf is reniform (40%), 60% have green colour leaf, 50% without leaf lobe, 60% of leaf lobes number is one, 70% of shape of central leaf lobe is toothed. Abazial leaf vein pigmentation have purple (40%), and petiole pigmentation is purple with green near leaf (60%), besides its tuber roots, sweet potatoes are also harvested for its shoots and green young leaves for vegetables.

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