scholarly journals Groundwater quality assessment near a Nigerian dumpsite

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-596
Author(s):  
O.A. Mokuolu ◽  
S.O. Jacob ◽  
A.M. Ayanshola
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Groundwater Assessment

Municipal solid waste collected in Nigeria are often disposed of in uncontrolled dumpsites and/or burnt in the open spaces and consequently causing significant pollution on surface water, ground water and the air. An investigational study was carried out on the level of pollution on groundwater near Gbagede dumpsite in Kwara state. Ground water samples, GW1, GW2, GW3 were taken at three different locations: 186 m, 290 m, and 326 m from the edge of the dumpsite. Physicochemical parameters evaluated include; pH, total hardness, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, alkalinity, turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate ion, Chloride ion, Sulphate ion, Electrical conductivity, Calcium ion and Magnesium ion using standard laboratory procedures. The results of the evaluations were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) to establish its suitability for human consumption. Results fell within the stipulated range of WHO and NSDWQ standard for drinking water. It was however observed that the water quality improves with distance from the dumpsite. Statistical analyses indicated mild differences among all the parameters tested for in the samples at 95% confidence level. Uncontrolled accumulation of leachates from the dumpsite may pose potential risk to the source of water for the community in the near future. It was recommended that the dumpsite be relocated from the current residential area.Key Words: Groundwater, Assessment, Contaminants, Solid-waste, Water quality

An analysis of ground water quality in a water stressed urban centre: a case of Gweru city, Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-341
Author(s):  
C. Mukanga ◽  
T. Chitata ◽  
B. T. Mudereri
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Filtration Method

Ground water quality conformance to the World Health Organisation standards for drinking water was carried out and inferred to the health risks associated with use of such quality of water. Water samples were collected thrice a month, from nine boreholes, over a period of twelve months and analysed for physical, chemical and biological parameters. Chemical parameters were tested using UV-Vis photometry. Physical parameters were measured using HI9829 waterproof portable logging multi-parameter meter and biological parameters were determined using the Minimal Media ONRG-MUG test and the Membrane Filtration Method (MF). Results shows that total hardness and Fe concentration were above limit in 78% and 56% of the sampled boreholes, respectively. pH, EC, Ca, Cl, Fl, Mn, Mg and Turbidity were within the acceptable WHO limits. Of the sampled boreholes, 67% were not conforming to the Escherichia coli loads recommended for drinking water. Parametric correlations showed strong and significant correlations between chlorides and fluorides (r = 0.68; p < 0.05), Nitrates and Sulphates (r = 0.78; p < 0.05). There is need to treat borehole water to eliminate E. coli and reduce nitrates and total hardness. Furthermore, analysis and monitoring systems to determine temporal variability and health risks, respectively, needs to be put in place.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment of River Beas During Winter Season in Himachal Pradesh, India.

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Sharma ◽  
Yogesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Lead Chloride ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
River Beas

Present investigation was carried out in 256 km stretch of river Beas in Himachal Pradesh for analysis of important physical, chemical and biological water quality parameters during winter season. Parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Colliform and Escherichia coli were analyzed from six sampling stations i.e. Beaskund , Shamshi, Pandohdam, Dharampur, Nadaun and Pongdam in the study area. The analysis of data reveals that turbidity, cadmium and lead, were found to be higher than the acceptable limit prescribed by Bureau of Indian standards (BIS), 2012 for drinking water in India. Colliform and E.coli were present in all the sampling stations of river Beas except at SS-1 and SS-2. All the other physicochemical parameters excepting pH at SS-5 (8.98±0.057) were within the limit prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO), 2011 and BIS, 2012 for drinking water in India.

scholarly journals A Detailed Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Kabul Basin, Afghanistan, and Suitability for Future Development

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Ali Jawadi ◽  
Jay Sagin ◽  
Daniel D. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Health Organization

Kabul is one of the most populated cities in Afghanistan and providing resources to support this population in an arid climate presents a serious environmental challenge. The current study evaluated the quality of local Kabul Basin groundwater to determine its suitability water for drinking and irrigation purposes now and into the future. This aim was aided through groundwater parameter assessment as well as determination of Water Quality Index (WQI) developed from 15 observation points near the city. The results of our physicochemical analysis illustrate that groundwater in the majority of areas of the Kabul Basin is not generally suitable for human consumption, and in some cases the concentrations of many contaminants are higher than accepted health standards or water quality benchmarks. The aquifer underlies an arid landscape, and because of this 85% of the samples tested are very hard while just over 13% are classified as hard. Groundwater in the Kabul Basin is typically high in calcium and magnesium and overall classified as a calcium bicarbonate water type. Overall, more than 60% of the analyzed samples had concentrations higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) standard of total dissolved solids (TDS), 10% in total hardness (TH), about 30% in turbidity and more than 90% in magnesium. The results show that based on WQI, without treatment, roughly 5% of groundwater in the studied area is unsuitable for human consumption, while 13.3% is very poor and 40% is poor quality water. Approximately 40% of the assessed groundwater has good quality and could be used as drinking water for future development. Groundwater in some areas shows evidence of pollution and high dissolved solids content, rendering these sources unsuitable for either drinking or irrigation purposes.

scholarly journals IMPACTS OF DUMPSITE ON SOIL AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY: A CASE STUDY OF ERINFUN COMMUNITY, ADO EKITI, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
F., F. Akinola ◽  
M., O. Lasisi ◽  
B., S. Awe
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

Groundwater pollution has increased as a result of poor waste disposal practices in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations in order to investigate the impact of dumpsites on groundwater and soil quality in Erinfun community. Four (4) water samples were collected hand dug well and four (4) soil samples designated Ss1 to Ss4 were collected at distances of 10, 20, 30 and 40 m, respectively, away from the waste dumpsite. Physicochemical parameters and traces such as odour, colour, taste and temperature, as well as Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolve Oxygen, Total Dissolve Solid, pH, and chloride were measured in collected water samples. Collected soil samples were also analyzed for heavy metals such as Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, Chromium, and Lead. All the physical parameters of the water samples analysed were found not to be within the acceptable limit of World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard of Drinking Water Quality standards. The chemical constituents tested were within the acceptable limit of World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard of Drinking Water Quality except for the Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Dissolve Oxygen of water samples 1 and 2, respectively. The concentration of trace metals in water sample test were within health limit except for Magnesium and Iron which has the highest concentrations in water sample 1 at 10 m away from dumpsite (61.00 mg/l and 0.46 mg/l). Consequently, open dumpsites are discouraged, and constructed standard landfills with appropriate monitoring guidelines are recommended.

scholarly journals Suitability of Ground Water in Southwest Kirkuk for Human Consumptions

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Abdulrazaq K. Abdulwahd
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Nitrite Nitrogen ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Groundwater is one of the important sources of providing the human with water for drinking and other purposes. In Iraq, most of the agricultural land far from surface water sources, which forced these farmers to use groundwater wells as a source to cover the needs of the water and uses for different household. Furthermore, in some areas of Iraq, the available surface water that is suitable for human consumption is insufficient. Hence, the ground water is the viable solution to provide drinking water.The aim of this study is to show the extent validity of the ground water for various human uses.Twenty wells were chosen at different location in the southwest of Kirkuk city. Physical and chemical tests were carried for each water samples which include nitrite- nitrogen, phosphate, total hardness as CaCo3, total dissolved solids, chloride, PH, and turbidity. The results were evaluated and compared accordingly with World Health Organization (WHO) specifications. The results showed that the ground water in the study areas not suitable for drinking because of the contamination with Nitrite – nitrogen, phosphate and high contents of total hardness and TDS

scholarly journals Ground Water Quality of Gandhinagar Taluka, Gujarat, India

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayur C. Shah ◽  
Prateek G. Shilpkar ◽  
Pradip B. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Quality Of Water

Present communication deals with study of physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), calcium hardness (CaH), magnesium hardness (MgH), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl-), fluoride (F-), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulphate (SO42-) of water samples of bore wells of forty villages of Gandhinagar taluka of Gujarat state,India. The experimental values of water samples were compared with standard values given by World Health Organization (WHO) and United State Salinity Laboratory for drinking and irrigation purposes respectively. Water Quality Index (WQI) was also calculated to know the over all quality of water samples. The statistical analysis like mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variance (% CV), analysis of variance (ANOVA),t-test, coefficient of correlation (r) and regression analysis of obtained data were carried out. The results show that the quality of water is poor and quite good for drinking and irrigation purposes respectively. The variance was found significant at 1% level of significance in case of sodium and potassium content and at 5% in case of total alkalinity and dissolved oxygen among the four regions (North, South, East and West) of Gandhinagar taluka. The linear relation also established for each pair of water quality parameters of studied water samples.

Determination of water quality index by fuzzy logic approach: a case of ground water in an Indian town

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1987-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Jinturkar ◽  
S. S. Deshmukh ◽  
S. V. Agarkar ◽  
G. R. Chavhan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Approach

The paper proposes fuzzy logic model that deals with the physico-chemical water analysis of ground water of Chikhli town for determination of Water Quality Index (WQI). The study was carried by collection of ground water samples from about eleven hand pumps located in this town. Ground water quality is studied by systematic collection and analysis of samples. The fuzzy logic is used for the deciding the water quality index on the basis of which, water quality rankings are given to determine the quality of water. The Water Quality Index presented here is a unitless number ranging from 1 to 10. A higher number is indicative of better water quality. Around 81% of samples were found suitable for drinking purpose. It is also observed that all the parameters fall within the permissible limits laid by WHO, ISI, and ICMR, except Total Hardness, Calcium and Magnesium. The quality parameters were compared with standards laid by the World Health Organization (WHO), Indian Standards Institute (ISI) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) for drinking water quality.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical investigation of the wells water in Bayanzurkh, Ulaanbaatar

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Odontuya G ◽  
Oyuntsetseg D ◽  
Khureldavaa O ◽  
Tsiiregzen A ◽  
Dulamsuren G ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
National Standards ◽  
National Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Well Waters ◽  
Microbiological Properties

This study aimed to determine water-rock interactions depending on mineralization and assess to detailed water quality  study of the well waters for drinking purpose in Bayanzurkh district. Totally, 55 well water samples were collected from 7subdistricts of Bayanzurkh district. Determinations of the all sample are performed by water quality parameters such as radiological, physico-chemical and chemical compositions and microbiological properties. The chemical data illustrates that the well waters were neutral to slightly alkaline, and total hardness observed in 46 water samples was soft to softer and 9 water samples was hard to very hard. The hydrochemical data indicates that 53 well waters belong to the HCO3- - Ca2+, Mg2+ type, and others are HCO3-- Mg2+ and SO42--Na+ type of water. The results were compared with National standard (MNS 0900:2018) and with World health organization (WHO, 2017) guidelines for drinking water quality. Among these 25 well waters were overrated by permissible concentration of MNS 0900:2018 and WHO guidelines for the following radiological, chemical compositions and microbiological properties. However, 30 well waters were suitable for drinking water by their permissible value of national standards. According to the Gibbs diagram, all studied well waters were belonging to the rock-water interaction dominance area which was indicated by hydrochemical processes. Баянзүрх дүүргийн гүний худгуудын усны гидрохимийн судалгаа Хураангуй: Энэхүү судалгаагаар Баянзүрх дүүргийн иргэдийн унд ахуйн хэрэгцээндээ ашиглаж буй гүний худгийн усанд нарийвчилсан судалгааг явуулсаны үндсэн дээр усны чанарыг үнэлэх мөн эрдэсжилтээс хамааруулан ус чулуулгийн харилцан үйлчлэлийг тодорхойлох зорилгоор энэхүү ажлыг хийж гүйцэтгэсэн. Баянзүрх дүүргийн 7 хороонд байрлах унд ахуйн зориулалтаар ашигладаг 55 гүний худгийн усны сорьцонд физик-хими, химийн найрлага, микроэлемент, бичил амь судлал болон цацрагийн аюулгүйн үзүүлэлтүүдийг тодорхойлсон болно. Судалгаанд хамрагдсан гүний худгуудын ус нь саармагаас сул шүлтлэг орчинтой, зөөлнөөс зөөлөвтөр устай 46 худаг, хатуувтараас хатуу устай 9 худаг байгаа ба 53 гүний худаг нь HCO3- - Ca2+, Mg2+-ийн төрлийн, бусад нь  HCO3-- Mg2+  болон SO42--Na+  төрлийн усны ангилалд хамаарагдаж байна. Баянзүрх дүүргийн иргэдийн унд ахуйн хэрэгцээндээ ашиглаж буй нийт 55 гүний худгийн ус судалгаанд хамрагдсанаас 25 худгийн ус нь зарим анион, катион болон бичил амь судлал, цацрагийн аюулгүйн үзүүлэлтээрээ Монгол улсад мөрдөгдөж байгаа ундны усны стандарт MNS 0900:2018 болон Дэлхийн Эрүүл Мэндийн байгууллагаас гаргасан улс орнуудын мөрддөг ундны усны стандарт шаардлагыг хангахгүй байна. Харин 30 гүний худгийн ус нь бүх үзүүлэлтээрээ Монгол улсад мөрдөж буй MNS 0900:2018 стандартын шаардлагыг хангаж байна. Ус, чулуулгийн харилцан үйлчлэлийг Гиббсийн диаграмм ашиглан тодорхойлоход худгуудын ус нь чулуулаг давамгайлсан мужид оршиж байгаа нь худгийн усны найрлага тухайн орчны геологийн тогтоц болон чулуулгаас хамаарч байгаа бөгөөд ус, чулуулгийн харилцан үйлчлэлд орж байна. Түлхүүр үг: Баянзүрх дүүрэг, ундны ус, химийн найрлага, гүний худаг, ус, чулуулаг

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Water and Sediment Qualities of Some Dams in Kwara State

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Abdus-Salam
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Water And Sediment

Potable water is becoming progressively scarce due to anthropogenic pollution and it has necessitated monitoring of water quality of rivers and dams as a subject of ongoing concern and research. This study was conducted to assess the quality of water collected from four different dams (Agba, Igbaja, Oloru and Omu-Aran) in Kwara State, Nigeria using standard procedures. Water and sediment samples were collected from three different spatial locations on the dams. The average values of most physicochemical parameters like pH, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Alkalinity, some nutrients such as chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO42-), phosphate (PO43-), nitrate (NO3-) and some heavy metals such as Cu, Zn have values that were within World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for drinking water for each of the dams while Cd and Fe concentrations were observed to be much higher than WHO guidelines for drinking water. This could be as a result of anthropogenic input. The dams’ sediments analyzed for heavy metals showed that Mn, Zn and Cd were high in the dams, which can be easily washed into the water body through leaching, thereby causing detrimental effect to the consumers.

scholarly journals Heavy metal contamination and water quality of selected fish ponds at Sunyani, Ghana: A comparison with WHO standards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CI Chemistry International
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Health Organization

Optimum fish production is greatly dependent on the physical, chemical and biological qualities of water. Hence, successful fish pond management requires an in-depth understanding of water quality. A study to assess heavy metal (Cr, Cd, Mn, Pb and Zn) contamination and physicochemical parameters of water samples from eight selected fish ponds in Sunyani, Ghana, was conducted. The parameters included temperature, pH, salinity, total hardness, electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD). The results revealed detectable Mn and Zn levels in all the selected fish ponds; with Mn levels in three ponds being significantly higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limit (< 0.500 mg/L). Of the three samples, which showed detectable Cr and Cd levels, concentrations of two exceeded the permissible limits. Pb was below the detection limit in all the samples whilst Cu levels detected in two of the ponds were below the permissible limit. The investigated physicochemical parameters had the following ranges: temperature 26-29 C, pH 5.8-8.2, BOD 0.3-20 mg/L, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 37-249 mg/L, EC 73.67-498 μS/cm, total hardness 0.8-5.7 mg/L, salinity 0.03-0.22 psu and COD 2.9-9.7 mg/L. Most of these values were within WHO recommended levels. The findings suggest that regular monitoring of the heavy metal load is necessary to guard against long-term effects of its presence in the water, influencing fish and human uptake.

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