scholarly journals Field investigation of anthelmintic efficacy and risk factors for anthelmintic drug resistance in sheep at Bedelle District of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Terefe ◽  
U Faji ◽  
YH Tolossa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Anthelmintic Drug ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy

scholarly journals Risk factor analysis of equine strongyle resistance to anthelmintics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sallé ◽  
J. Cortet ◽  
I. Bois ◽  
C. Dubès ◽  
Q. Guyot-Sionest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Risk Factor Analysis ◽  
Resistance Risk ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy

AbstractIntestinal strongyles are the most problematic endoparasites of equids as a result of their wide distribution and the spread of resistant isolates throughout the world. While abundant literature can be found on the extent of anthelmintic resistance across continents, empirical knowledge about associated risk factors is missing. This study brought together results from anthelmintic efficacy testing and risk factor analysis to provide evidence-based guidelines in the field. It involved 688 horses from 39 French horse farms and riding schools to both estimate Faecal Egg Count Reduction (FECR) after anthelmintic treatment and to interview farm and riding school managers about their practices. Risk factors associated with reduced anthelmintic efficacy in equine strongyles were estimated across drugs using a marginal modelling approach. Results demonstrated ivermectin efficacy (96.3% FECR), the inefficacy of fenbendazole (42.8% FECR) and an intermediate profile for pyrantel (90.3% FECR). Risk factor analysis provided support to advocate for FEC-based treatment regimens combined with individual anthelmintic dosage and the enforcement of tighter biosecurity around horse introduction that contributed to lower drug resistance risk by 1.75. Premises falling under this typology also relied more on their veterinarians suggesting they play an important role in the sustainability of anthelmintic usage. Similarly, drug resistance risk was halved in premises with frequent pasture rotation and with stocking rate below five horses/ha. This is the first empirical risk factor analysis for anthelmintic resistance in equids, whose findings should guide the implementation of more sustained strongyle management in the field.

Risk factors for anti-MRSA drug resistance

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhisa Abe ◽  
Katsumi Shigemura ◽  
Hiroyuki Yoshida ◽  
Masato Fujisawa ◽  
Soichi Arakawa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Resistance

scholarly journals Risk factors that may be driving the emergence of drug resistance in tuberculosis patients treated in Yangon, Myanmar

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. e0177999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mishal S. Khan ◽  
Coll Hutchison ◽  
Richard J. Coker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence to Get Insights of Multi-Drug Resistance Risk Factors during the First 48 Hours from ICU Admission

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Mora-Jiménez ◽  
Jorge Tarancón-Rey ◽  
Joaquín Álvarez-Rodríguez ◽  
Cristina Soguero-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Resistance Risk ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Patient Will

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is one of the most current and greatest threats to the global health system nowadays. This situation is especially relevant in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), where the critical health status of these patients makes them more vulnerable. Since MDR confirmation by the microbiology laboratory usually takes 48 h, we propose several artificial intelligence approaches to get insights of MDR risk factors during the first 48 h from the ICU admission. We considered clinical and demographic features, mechanical ventilation and the antibiotics taken by the patients during this time interval. Three feature selection strategies were applied to identify statistically significant differences between MDR and non-MDR patient episodes, ending up in 24 selected features. Among them, SAPS III and Apache II scores, the age and the department of origin were identified. Considering these features, we analyzed the potential of machine learning methods for predicting whether a patient will develop a MDR germ during the first 48 h from the ICU admission. Though the results presented here are just a first incursion into this problem, artificial intelligence approaches have a great impact in this scenario, especially when enriching the set of features from the electronic health records.

scholarly journals Risk factors for drug-resistant tuberculosis, the association between comorbidity status and drug-resistant patterns: a retrospective study of previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis in Shandong, China, during 2004–2019

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e044349
Author(s):  
Ning-ning Tao ◽  
Yi-fan Li ◽  
Wan-mei Song ◽  
Jin-yue Liu ◽  
Qian-yun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis

ObjectiveThis study was designed to identify the risk factors for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and the association between comorbidity and drug resistance among retreated pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).DesignA retrospective study was conducted among all the 36 monitoring sites in Shandong, China, over a 16-year period. Baseline characteristics were collected from the TB Surveillance System. Categorical variables were compared by Fisher’s exact or Pearson’s χ2 test. The risk factors for drug resistance were identified using univariable analysis and multivariable logistic models. The influence of comorbidity on different types of drug resistance was evaluated by performing multivariable logistic models with the covariates adjusted by age, sex, body mass index, drinking/smoking history and cavity.ResultsA total of 10 975 patients with PTB were recorded during 2004–2019, and of these 1924 retreated PTB were finally included. Among retreated PTB, 26.2% were DR-TB and 12.5% had comorbidity. Smoking (adjusted OR (aOR): 1.69, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.39), cavity (aOR: 1.55, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.97) and comorbidity (aOR: 1.44, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.02) were risk factors for DR-TB. Of 504 DR-TB, 9.5% had diabetes mellitus, followed by hypertension (2.0%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.8%). Patients with retreated PTB with comorbidity were more likely to be older, have more bad habits (smoking, alcohol abuse) and have clinical symptoms (expectoration, haemoptysis, weight loss). Comorbidity was significantly associated with DR-TB (aOR: 1.44, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.02), overall rifampin resistance (aOR: 2.17, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.36), overall streptomycin resistance (aOR: 1.51, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.27) and multidrug resistance (aOR: 1.96, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.27) compared with pan-susceptible patients (p<0.05).ConclusionSmoking, cavity and comorbidity lead to an increased risk of drug resistance among retreated PTB. Strategies to improve the host’s health, including smoking cessation, screening and treatment of comorbidity, might contribute to the control of tuberculosis, especially DR-TB, in China.

scholarly journals Association between SCN1A polymorphism rs3812718 and valproic acid resistance in epilepsy children: a case–control study and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Jian Wang ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Hai Liang Chen ◽  
Lin Yan Zhang ◽  
Duo Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Recessive Model ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Voltage Gated Sodium Channels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Resistance to valproic acid (VPA), a first-line antiepileptic drug (AED), is occurring at an alarming rate, particularly in children. Signal nucleotide polymorphisms are considered crucial in this process. Therefore, we investigated whether the SCN1A polymorphism rs3812718 could be associated with VPA resistance. A total of 231 children with epilepsy who were solely administered VPA were enrolled. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples and was genotyped by the Mass Array method. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was conducted between the drug responsive and resistant patients who were exposed to voltage-gated sodium channels. Results revealed that the TT genotype was associated with a higher risk of developing drug resistance (OR = 2.636, 95% CI 1.08–6.433, P = 0.033). After adjusting for the risk factors, a significant difference was still observed between the responsive and resistant groups (OR = 2.861, 95% CI 1.141–7.174, P = 0.025). Moreover, the recessive model was associated with a decreased drug resistance (OR = 0.402, 95% CI 0.167–0.968, P = 0.042) after correcting the risk factors. Meta-analysis of nine studies revealed similar results. In conclusion, our results proved that the rs3812718 TT genotype was associated with a high risk of developing drug resistance, and the recessive model could decrease the risk of VPA resistance.

scholarly journals Risk factors and drug resistance in early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 973-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-wei Wang ◽  
Yao-qiang Du ◽  
Xiao-lin Miao ◽  
Guang-yong Ye ◽  
Yi-yun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Streptococcal Disease ◽  
Neonatal Group ◽  
Group B Streptococcal Disease ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Research on intervention methods of nosocomial infection in neurosurgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Sung-Won Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
High Infection Rate ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Bacterial Drug Resistance ◽  
High Infection

<p>The proportion of critically ill patients from neurosurgery wards in hospitals is significantly higher than that from other departments. These patients suffer from low immune. At the same time, because of the severe trauma after surgery and the complexity of pathogens in patients, antibiotics are frequently used. However, the of bacterial drug resistance is relatively high because of the particularity of hospitals, which is a major reason for the high infection rate of neurosurgery patients. Therefore, regarding to these risk factors, intervention measures should be actively explored in hospitals, so as to control the infection rate, reduce the possibility of infection in neurosurgery patients, improve the rehabilitation efficiency of patients, and reduce unnecessary suffering of patients caused by infection. This is also an effective means to improve the quality of hospital medical care. </p>

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Delayed Sputum Conversion among Patients Treated for Smear Positive PTB in Northwestern Rural Tanzania: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Gunda ◽  
Igembe Nkandala ◽  
Godfrey A. Kavishe ◽  
Semvua B. Kilonzo ◽  
Rodrick Kabangila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Rural Tanzania ◽  
Sputum Conversion

Introduction. Smear positive TB carries high morbidity and mortality. The TB treatment aims at sputum conversion by two months of antituberculous. Patients who delay sputum conversion remain potentially infectious, with risk of treatment failure, drug resistance, and mortality. Little is known about the magnitude of this problem in our setting. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of delayed sputum conversion in northwestern rural part of Tanzania. Methods. This was a retrospective cohort study involving smear positive TB patients at Sengerema DDH in 2015. Demographic data, HIV status, and sputum results at TB diagnosis and on TB treatment were collected and analyzed using STATA 11. Results. In total, 156 patients were studied. Males were 97 (62%); the median age was 39 [30–51] years. Fifty-five (35.3%) patients were HIV coinfected and 13 (8.3%) patients had delayed sputum conversion which was strongly associated with male gender (OR=8.2, p=0.046), age >50 years (OR=6.7, p=0.003), and AFB 3+ (OR=8.1, p=0.008). Conclusions. Delayed sputum conversion is prevalent in this study. These patients can potentially fail on treatment, develop drug resistance, and continue spreading TB. Strategies to reduce the rate of delayed sputum conversion could also reduce these potential unfavorable outcomes.

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