scholarly journals Trypanocidal drug utilization practices in tsetse suppression and non-suppression areas of South Omo Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-111
Author(s):  
Tegegn Tesfaye ◽  
Tekle Olbamo ◽  
Hagos Ashenafi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Frequency ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
South Omo ◽  
Trypanocidal Drugs

Trypanosomosis control in Ethiopia is largely rely on use of available trypanocidal drugs although there are other options such as vector control and  use of trypanotolerant hosts. A cross-sectional survey aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude and practices of trypanocidal drug utilization  and constraints of trypanosome infection conducted in tsetse suppression and non-suppression areas of South Omo Zone, Ethiopia. The questionnaire based survey was conducted from November 2018 to May 2019. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the field data obtained from 184 cattle owners. Sixty (60) of the cattle owners were from suppression area and 124 from tsetse non-suppression area. Accordingly, draft oxen and milking cows respectively from tsetse suppression and non-suppression areas were classes of animals which were given priority in trypanocidal drug treatment. About 79.03% and 81.7% of cattle owners respectively from tsetse suppression and non-suppression areas witnessedthat they treat their sick animals by themselves; indicating that veterinarians and other animal health experts have very little role in medication of sick animals. Diminazine aceturate (DA) was the main trypanocidal drug preferred by cattle owners in tsetse suppression area while both DA and Isometamidium chloride (ISM) were used in non-suppression areas. About 83.1% of the respondents from tsetse suppression areas and 86.7% from non-suppression area reported treatment failures following the use of trypanocidal drugs. Moreover, about 79.61% and 86.53% of respondents respectively from tsetse suppression and non-suppression areas observed that drugs obtained from private drug stores were less effective compared to drugs obtained from governmental veterinary clinics. Furthermore, the respondents disclosed that DA was the most horrible  trypanocidal drug in showing treatment failures despite high preference by cattle owners. It was also noted that treatment frequency was higherin tsetse suppression areas than non-suppression areas regardless of vector suppression campaign. In conclusion, higher dependency of cattle  owners on trypanocidal drugs, limited trypanocidal drug availability in the veterinary pharmaceutical market, frequent trypanocidal drug usage and injection by unskilled herdsmen and owners report on trypanocidal drug treatment failures may point out the issue of trypanocidal drug resistance in the area. Therefore, awareness creation to livestock owners on the effect of misuse of trypanocidal drugs and safe trypanocidal drug usage policy should be put into effect to uphold the effectiveness of currently available trypanocidal drugs. Keywords: Trypanosomosis; Trypanocidal Drugs; Tsetse suppression; South Omo Zone; Ethiopia

scholarly journals The Veterinary Treatment Facility as a Readiness Platform for Veterinary Corps Officers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara B Mullaney ◽  
Heather Bayko ◽  
Gerald D Moore ◽  
Hannah E Funke ◽  
Matthew J Enroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Online Readiness ◽  
Representative Random Sample ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Introduction U.S. Army Veterinary Corps provides highly skilled and adaptive veterinary professionals to protect and improve the health of people and animals while enhancing readiness throughout the DOD. Army veterinarians must be trained and credentialed for critical tasks within the animal health and food protection missions across all components. The Veterinary Metrics Division in the U.S. Army Public Health Center’s Veterinary Services and Public Health Sanitation Directorate is responsible for tracking readiness metrics of Army veterinarians and maintains a robust online Readiness Metrics Platform. Readiness targets were developed based on trends in readiness platform data, input of senior veterinary subject matter experts, and feedback from the field. To date, no data have been published describing the cases presented to DOD-owned Veterinary Treatment Facilities (VTFs). Without capturing and codifying the types of cases that present to the VTF and comparing to cases typically encountered during deployments, it is difficult to determine whether the VTF serves as an adequate readiness platform. In this study, we compare a representative random sample of non-wellness VTF patient encounters in garrison to cases reported from two different combat zones to determine if the VTF is a suitable clinical readiness platform. Materials and Methods Multiple data sources, including pre-existing published data and new data extracted from multiple sources, were used. The Iraq 2009-2010 dataset includes data collected from a Medical Detachment, Veterinary Service Support (MDVSS) deployed to Iraq from January 5, 2009 through August 23, 2010. The Iraq 2003-2007 dataset originated from a retrospective cross-sectional survey that included database and medical record abstraction. The Afghanistan 2014-2015 dataset includes data collected from the MDVSS deployed to Afghanistan from June 2014 to March 2015. Working dog veterinary encounter data were manually extracted from monthly and daily clinical reports. Data for the Garrison 2016-2018 dataset were extracted from the Remote Online Veterinary Record. A random representative sample of government-owned animal (GOA) and privately owned animal (POA) encounters seen across all DOD-owned VTFs from June 2016 to May 2018 were selected. Results We found that animals present to the VTF for a wide variety of illnesses. Overall, the top 10 encounter categories (90.3%) align with 84.2%, 92.4%, and 85.9% of all the encounter types seen in the three combat zone datasets. Comparing these datasets identifies potential gaps in readiness training relying solely on the VTF, especially in the areas of traumatic and combat-related injuries. Conclusions Ultimately, the success of the DOD Veterinary Services Animal Health mission depends on both the competence and confidence of the individual Army veterinarian. As the MHS transitions and DOD Veterinary Services continues to transform emphasizing readiness through a public health and prevention-based Army medicine approach, Army veterinarians must strike a delicate balance to continue to provide comprehensive health care to GOAs and POAs in the VTFs. Leaders at all levels must recognize the roles VTFs play in overall public health readiness and disease prevention through the proper appropriation and allocation of resources while fostering the development, confidence, and competence of Army veterinarians training within these readiness platforms.

scholarly journals Community-Based Participatory Research and Drug Utilization Research to improve Childhood Diarrhea Case Management in Ujjain, India: A Cross Sectional Survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Mathur ◽  
Devendra Baghel ◽  
Jitendra Jaat ◽  
Vishal Diwan ◽  
Ashish Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Utilization Research ◽  
Drug Utilization Research

Childhood diarrhea continues to be a major cause of under-five (U-5) mortality globally and in India. In this study, 1571 U-5 children residing in nine rural villages and four urban slums in Ujjain, India were included with the objective to use community participation and drug utilization research to improve diarrheal case management. The mean age was 2.08 years, with 297 (19%), children living in high diarrheal index households. Most mothers (70%) considered stale food, teething (62%) and hot weather (55%) as causes of diarrhea. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related characteristics revealed that most (93%) households had toilets, but only 23% children used them. The study identified ineffective household water treatment by filtration through cloth by most (93%) households and dumping of household waste on streets (89%). The results revealed low community awareness of correct causes of diarrhea (poor hand hygiene, 21%; littering around the household, 15%) and of correct diarrhea treatment (oral rehydration solution [ORS] and zinc use, 29% and 11%, respectively) and a high antibiotic prescription rate by health care providers (83%). Based on the results of the present study, context-specific house-to-house interventions will be designed and implemented.

scholarly journals Smoking cessation care provision in Australian alcohol and other drug treatment services: A cross-sectional survey of staff self-reported practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza Skelton ◽  
Flora Tzelepis ◽  
Anthony Shakeshaft ◽  
Ashleigh Guillaumier ◽  
Adrian Dunlop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Services

Distance to slaughter, markets and feed sources used by small-scale food animal operations in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Beam ◽  
D.D. Thilmany ◽  
R.W. Pritchard ◽  
L.P. Garber ◽  
D.C. Van Metre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
The Us ◽  
Systematic Sample

AbstractDistances to common production and marketing supply chain destinations may vary, and this has economic and animal health implications for small-scale food animal operations. Proximity to these destinations can affect the economic viability and marketing decisions of small-scale operations and may represent significant barriers to sustainability. Data were collected using a cross-sectional survey conducted by the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) National Animal Health Monitoring System in 2011 using a stratified systematic sample of 16,000 small-scale (gross annual farm sales between US$10,000 and 499,999) operations from all 50 states. A total of 7925 food-animal operations were asked about the farthest one-way distance (in miles) to slaughter facilities, destinations where they sold animals or products, and feed sources. Across all small-scale operations, 95% of operations reported the farthest distance animals or products were transported for sale was 241 km (150 miles) or less. For distance to slaughter facilities, 95% of operations reported the farthest distance was 145 km (90 miles) or less. For feed shipped by a supplier, 95% of operations reported the farthest distance was 322 km (200 miles) or less. The 95th percentile for distance increased as farm sales increased, indicating larger operations were more likely to travel long distances. The results of this study are an important benchmark for understanding the economic and animal health implications of long transportation distances for operations that are small and/or focused on direct marketing.

scholarly journals Community-Based Participatory Research and Drug Utilization Research to Improve Childhood Diarrhea Case Management in Ujjain, India: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1646
Author(s):  
Aditya Mathur ◽  
Devendra Baghel ◽  
Jitendra Jaat ◽  
Vishal Diwan ◽  
Ashish Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Utilization Research ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Drug Utilization Research

Childhood diarrhea continues to be a major cause of under-five (U-5) mortality globally and in India. In this study, 1571 U-5 children residing in nine rural villages and four urban slums in Ujjain, India were included with the objective to use community participation and drug utilization research to improve diarrheal case management. The mean age was 2.08 years, with 297 (19%), children living in high diarrheal index households. Most mothers (70%) considered stale food, teething (62%), and hot weather (55%) as causes of diarrhea. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related characteristics revealed that most (93%) households had toilets, but only 23% of the children used them. The study identified ineffective household water treatment by filtration through cloth by most (93%) households and dumping of household waste on the streets (89%). The results revealed low community awareness of correct causes of diarrhea (poor hand hygiene, 21%; littering around the household, 15%) and of correct diarrhea treatment (oral rehydration solution (ORS) and zinc use, 29% and 11%, respectively) and a high antibiotic prescription rate by healthcare providers (83%). Based on the results of the present study, context-specific house-to-house interventions will be designed and implemented.

scholarly journals P14.30 Treatment outcomes of newly-diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) by O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase promoter (MGMT) status: a multi-country study

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii73-iii73
Author(s):  
A Z Fu ◽  
J P Hall ◽  
A Bailey ◽  
J Kemp ◽  
G J Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the relationship of MGMT status with first-line (1L) treatment outcomes of patients with newly-diagnosed GBM in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK (EU5), and Canada. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical oncologists and neuro-oncologists across EU5 and Canada completed a point in time, cross-sectional survey for the next 8 GBM patients seen between May and July 2016 within EU5 and Canada. All results apart from time to progression (TTP) were presented for patients receiving 1L active drug treatment. TTP was calculated from initiation of 1L treatment to initiation of second-line treatment. Results presented are statistically significant (p<0.05) unless otherwise specified. Bases vary depending on data availability. RESULTS A total of 241 physicians reported on 1747 patients with GBM. 875 were receiving 1L active drug treatment at time of survey. Mean age was 59.7 years (median=61) and 34.6% were women. Mean life expectancy was 14.9 months (median=12) at diagnosis and mean TTP was 8.5 months (median=7.3). Surgery was performed in 62% of patients (n=546) prior to 1L drug treatment; 38% of patients (n=329) had no surgery. Patients with surgery had a higher life expectancy at diagnosis vs patients with no surgery prior to 1L (mean=16.4 vs 12.2 months; median=15.0 vs 12.0). Patients who received corticosteroids (n=524) vs no corticosteroids during radiotherapy (n=64) had a shorter life expectancy at diagnosis (mean=15.0 vs 16.8 months, p=0.07; median=12.5 vs 13.9) and were more likely to have 8 or more inpatient days due to GBM (21% vs 8%, p=0.07) in the last 3 months prior to the survey. 62% of patients (n=541) had an MGMT-status recorded (tested: methylated or unmethylated), and 38% (n=334) were untested/ awaiting results (untested) at 1L. MGMT-tested patients had better life expectancy at diagnosis (mean=16.1 vs 12.9 months; median=15.0 vs 12.0) and longer TTP (mean=8.9 vs 7.8 months; median=7.8 vs 6.4) than untested patients. Among MGMT-tested patients, 58% were methylated and 42% were unmethylated. Methylated patients had similar life expectancy at diagnosis (mean=15.9 vs 16.3 months, p=0.85; median=15.0 vs 15.0) and TTP (mean=9.0 vs 8.8 months, p=0.42; median=8.0 vs 7.5) as unmethylated patients. CONCLUSIONS This analysis provides valuable insights into the 1L treatment outcomes of GBM patients in EU5 and Canada. Patients who did not undergo surgery had worse treatment outcomes. Steroid use appears to be associated with worse outcomes and higher healthcare resource utilization. Patient treatment outcomes varied depending on whether they are MGMT tested.

scholarly journals Medication waste disposal practices among patients attending selected out patient departments in a tertiary care institution: a cross sectional survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipula R. Bataduwaarachchi ◽  
Rameshkumar Thevarajah ◽  
Chamari L. Weeraratne
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tablet Form ◽  
Medication Waste ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
At Home

Background: Medication waste has major implications on human and animal health, environmental safety and the health economy. Low and middle income countries have paid less attention to proper medication waste disposal at household and community level. This is the first baseline assessment on medication waste disposal practices among the general public in Sri Lanka.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey, conducted via face to face interviews using a structured questionnaire among selected outpatient clinics at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka. A non-probability sampling technique was used to achieve a representative sample from each clinic. The data collectors were trained prior to administering the questionnaire. Data was presented as descriptive statistics using percentages. Chi-square test was used to find associations.Results: From the total number of participants (n=200) majority were females 135 (67.5%). Majority of the participants (78%) stated that they have unused medicines at home. Among them, tablet form was the commonest (78%) followed by topical preparations (49%). Commonest reason for having unused medicines at home were self-discontinuation as illness resolved (57.5%). There was a significant difference between the knowledge and practices when disposing tablet form (<0.001), syrups (0.002), topical preparations (0.04) and sharps (<0.001). Majority (23%) discarded sharp to rubbish bins. Rubbish bin was the commonest mode of disposal for all dosage forms as well as devices.Conclusions: In this sample majority had unused medicines at home which was compatible with the pattern seen in other countries and need proper attention.

scholarly journals Séroprévalence de divers orbivirus chez les animaux domestiques en Algérie

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Hafsa Madani ◽  
Jordi Casal
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Herd Prevalence ◽  
Animaux Domestiques ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of bluetongue (BT), African horse sickness (AHS) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) in Algeria and the possible pres­ence of new virus serotypes. A cross-sectional survey was con­ducted between August and September 2008. The epidemiologi­cal unit was the herd. Analyses were carried out for detection of BT and EHD in cattle herds, BT in sheep, camels and goats, and AHS in donkeys. All the animals were between six and twelve months of age in order to avoid detection of antibodies due to previous outbreaks. Random sampling was performed supposing a herd prevalence of 2% and a within-herd prevalence of 30%. According to these hypotheses, eight animals per herd in 145 herds were sampled, for a total sample size of 1168 animals.  Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used for BT virus and AHS virus antibody detection, whereas EHD virus antibodies were detected with reagents prepared by the Institute for Animal Health. Out of 1423 sampled animals, 372 (26.1%) had antibodies against BT virus. Positive animals were present in all the regions, except in one. The prevalence in cattle, sheep, goats and camels was 30, 14, 47 and 22%, respectively. A more accurate analysis was being carried out at time of writing to determine possible factors that can be related to these different prevalences. Out of 849 cattle, 66 (7.8%) presented antibodies against EHD virus. Positive animals were detected in 12 of the 20 regions sampled. For AHS, all of the 195 analyzed donkeys were found positive.

scholarly journals Antenatal Care Visits of Child-Bearing Mothers Having a Child Five Years Preceding in the Survey and Associated Factors in Benchi-Sheko Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaye Belay Gelaw ◽  
Solomon Abebaw Andargie ◽  
Abiyot Negsh Terefe
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Health Institutions

Abstract Background Antenatal care (ANC) is the service given by the caregiver for pregnant women to make safe the health of both pregnant women and babies during the pregnancy period Objectives The objective of the current study was to persuade high-quality public health service and plan the mothers and their households expressively and mentally for being motherhood by ever-increasing antenatal care visits from health institutions. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study design was applied. Cross-sectional survey design mainly used for the collection of information on the Utilization of Antenatal Care Visit of Women During Pregnancy and its Related Factors in Bench-Sheko Zone, South Nation Nationalities Peoples of Region, Southwestern Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study. The study populations are all populations who are living in the study area, South Nation Nationalities peoples of Region, Southwestern Ethiopia. Results Evidence tells us, one hundred twenty-nine (16.9%) of pregnant women were not visited by the caregiver during pregnancy. Around eighty-three percent of pregnant women were visited in health institutions at least once prior in the five years in the survey. The Poisson regression model was preferred to fit the data. As the output indicated in analysis, the odds ratio of women whose husband education status is illiterate is equal to exp(-0.272) = 0.76(95% CI:-0.507,-0.038) (other variables are adjusted), it indicates that the women whose husband education status is 0.76 less likely to ANC visit than women whose husband education status is higher and above. Conclusions The remark conclusion that the source of information, religion, educational status, birth order, knowledge of danger signs for pregnancy, and service satisfaction were significant at the alpha level of significance on the ANC visit of Women during pregnancy.

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