scholarly journals Engineering properties of scoria concrete as a construction material

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
IM Aho ◽  
SJ Uungwa
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Engineering Properties

scholarly journals Review of the relationship between aggregates geology and Los Angeles and micro-Deval tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 1963-1980
Author(s):  
Solomon Adomako ◽  
Christian John Engelsen ◽  
Rein Terje Thorstensen ◽  
Diego Maria Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractRock aggregates constitute the enormous volume of inert construction material used around the globe. The petrologic description as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic types establishes the intrinsic formation pattern of the parent rock. The engineering properties of these rocks vary due to the differences in the transformation process (e.g. hydrothermal deposits) and weathering effect. The two most common mechanical tests used to investigate the performance of aggregates are the Los Angeles (LA) and micro-Deval (MD) tests. This study reviewed the geological parameters (including mineralogy, grain and crystal size, grain shape, and porosity) and the relationship to Los Angeles and micro-Deval tests. It was found that high content of primary minerals in rocks (e.g. quartz and feldspar) is a significant parameter for performance evaluation. Traces of secondary and accessory minerals also affect the performance of rocks, although in many cases it is based on the percentage. Furthermore, some studies showed that the effect of mineralogic composition on mechanical strength is not sufficient to draw final conclusions of mechanical performance; therefore, the impact of other textural characteristics should be considered. The disposition of grain size and crystal size (e.g. as result of lithification) showed that rocks composed of fine-grain textural composition of ≤ 1 mm enhanced fragmentation and wear resistance than medium and coarse grained (≥ 1 mm). The effect of grain shape was based on convex and concave shapes and flat and elongated apexes of tested samples. The equidimensional form descriptor of rocks somehow improved resistance to impact from LA than highly flat and elongated particles. Lastly, the distribution of pore space investigated by means of the saturation method mostly showed moderate (R = 0.50) to strong (R = 0.90) and positive correlations to LA and MD tests.

Effect of Lime on Compaction, Strength and Consolidation Characteristics of Pontian Marine Clay

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siaw Yah Chong ◽  
Khairul Anuar Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Stabilization Phase ◽  
Compaction Curve ◽  
Stabilized Soil

Marine clay is a problematic construction material, which is often encountered in Malaysian coastal area. Previous researchers showed that lime stabilization effectively enhanced the engineering properties of clay. For soft clay, both strength and consolidation characteristics are equally important to be fully understood for design purpose. This paper presented the effect of lime on compaction, strength and consolidation characteristics of Pontian marine clay. Compaction, unconfined compression, direct shear, Oedometer and falling head permeability tests were conducted on unstabilized and lime stabilized samples at various ages. Specimens were prepared by compaction method based on 95 percent maximum dry density at the wetter side of compaction curve. It was found that lime successfully increased the strength, stiffness and workability of Pontian marine clay; however, the permeability was reduced. Unconfined compressive strength of stabilized soil was increased by 49 percent at age of 56 days whereas compressibility and permeability was reduced by 48 and 67 percent, respectively. From laboratory tests, phenomenon of inconsistency in engineering characteristics was observed for lime stabilized samples below age of 28 days. This strongly proved that lime stabilized soil underwent modification phase before stabilization phase which provided the long term improvement.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of the Effect of Sodium Hydroxide on Geotechnical Properties of Lateritic Soil for Rural Road Construction

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim I Abdulkarim ◽  
Sa’eed Y Umar
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
British Standard ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
General Specification

This study explored the potentials of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for the improvement of the properties of lateritic soil (LS) intended for use as construction material for rural roads in the North-eastern part of Nigeria. The soil was classified as A-6(13) and CL according to the American Association of State Highway and Transport Officials (AASHTO M 145-2012) and the Unified Soil Classification System (ASTM D 2487-2011). The soil is treated to evaluate the effectiveness of NaOH in treating lateritic soil with 1, 3 and 7 molar concentration of NaOH and compacted using two methods of compaction, the British Standard Light (BSL) and British Standard Heavy (BSH). Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and Californian bearing ratio (CBR) tests were conducted on the compacted specimens. The results obtained show a general improvement in the engineering properties of the soil with increase in molar concentration of NaOH, particularly, when compacted at the BSH energy level. The maximum 7 days UCS values of 909 kN/m2 and 1106 kN/m2 were obtained at 7 molar concentration for the BSL and BSH energy levels. These values are within the range of 750 – 1500 kN/m2 UCS value specified by the Nigerian General Specification (2013) for sub-base materials. In the case of the CBR, at 3 and 7 molar concentrations for BSH effort, CBR values of 33% and 38% were recorded while 34% CBR value was recorded at 7 molar concentration for BSL effort, these values also met the minimum requirement of 30% CBR specified by the Nigerian General Specification for sub-base construction.Keywords— Lateritic, Sodium hydroxide, Soil, Rural roads. 

Evaluation of Compressive and Shear Strength Characteristics in High Volume Fly Ash Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 1282-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Won Yoo ◽  
Sang Hwa Jung ◽  
Seung Jun Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Fly Ash Concrete ◽  
High Volume Fly Ash ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Paper Engineering

HVFAC (High Volume Fly Ash Concrete) is an attractive construction material with cost benefit and reduced CO2emission. In this paper engineering properties such as compressive and shear strength are evaluated and their characteristics are investigated. For this work HVFAC with FA (Fly Ash) replacement ratio of 35% and 50% are prepared and strength (compressive, shear, and bond) are measured with basic parameters like elasticity and ultimate strain. Test results are compared with conventional predictions from Korea Structural Code and their applicabilities are evaluated. In bond strength and elasticity in HVFAC are evaluated to need reasonable coefficients for HVFAC design.

An Experimental Study on Compaction Behavior Of Lateritic Soils Treated with Quarry Dust Based Geopolymer Cement

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-119
Author(s):  
Kennedy Chibuzor Onyelowe ◽  
Duc Bui Van ◽  
Mohammed Oludare Idrees ◽  
Michael E. Onyia ◽  
Lam Dao-Phuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Lateritic Soils ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Geopolymer Cement ◽  
Strict Requirement ◽  
Quarry Dust

Due to the scarcity of well-graded gravel materials, lateritic soils are widely used for road construction in tropic areas. However, lateritic soils often do not meet the strict requirement for subgrade and need to be improved to be used as construction material. Among several approaches used to enhance the engineering properties of lateritic soils, the use of industrial waste materials, such as fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag, is of particular interest to the construction industry as a potential replacement material for Portland cement in soil stabilization. Meanwhile, some effort has been made to study the use of quarry dust in stabilizing lateritic soils. The present work aims at assessing the compaction characteristics of three different types of lateritic soils, treated with quarry dust based geopolymer cement. A systematic study by varying the proportion of geopolymer cement was carried out. Test results show that the soil dry density substantially increased while the corresponding optimal moisture content decreased with the amount of geopolymer cement under varying compactive effort.

scholarly journals Geopolymer Cements and Their Properties: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Živica ◽  
Martin T. Palou ◽  
Martin Križma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Geopolymer Cements

Abstract Concrete is the world's most versatile, durable and reliable construction material. Next to water, concrete is the second most used substance on earth and it requires large quantities of Portland cement. The industrial sector is the third largest source of man-made carbon dioxide emissions after the transportation sector as the major generator of carbon dioxide, which pollutes the atmosphere. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) production produces the largest amount of carbon dioxide amongst all industrial processes. In addition to that a large amount of energy is also consumed for the cement production. The production of OPC not only consumes a huge amount of the natural resources i.e. limestone and fossil fuels but also produces almost 0.9 t of CO2 for 1t of cement clinker production. Thus, the world cement production generates 2.8 billion tons of manmade greenhouse gas annually. Hence, it is inevitable to find an alternative material to the existing most expensive, most resource and energy consuming Portland cement. Geopolymer cements are innovative binders which can be produced by the chemical action of aluminosilicate materials plenty available worldwide. They are rich in silica and alumina reacting with alkaline solution and producing aluminosilicate gel that acts as the binding material for the concrete. Geopolymers are synthesized by polycondensation reaction of geopolymeric precursor and alkali polysilicates. The paper presents data on the important engineering properties of geopolymer cements showing that these cements offer an alternative to, and potential replacement for, OPC. Geopolymer technology also has the potential to reduce global greenhouse emissions caused by OPC production. Due to the high level of mechanical properties of geopolymer cements and their environmentally beneficial technology they appear as a prospective construction material for the future.

Strength Characteristics of Concrete with Indian Mettakaolin and Rice Husk Ash

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 6140-6150
Author(s):  
A.N. Swaminathen ◽  
S.Robert Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Mineral Admixture ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Strength Development

 Concrete is the most extensively used construction material around the world and its properties have been undergoing changes through technological advancements. Varieties of concrete have been developed to enhance the different properties of concrete. An investigation in to the potential use of partial replacement of mineral admixture in high performance concrete (HPC) has carried out. The engineering properties of fresh and hardenedconcrete are obtained by conducting test on slump, vee-bee, compaction factor and compressive strength, flexural strength, spilt tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, in this project partial replacement of cement bymetakaolin and rice husk ash been used for varying replacement of 0+0%, 5+105, 7.5+10%,10+10%,5+12.5%, 10+12.5%, 5+15%, 7.5+15%,  and 10+15%for high strength, workability and also an eco-friendly by less emission of co2. It has been concluded that strength development of concrete blended with metakaolin and rice hush ash was enhanced. It was found that in 7.5% replacement of metakaolin and 12.5% replacement of rice husk ash appear to be the optimum replacement which exhibited more strength. This investigation has proved that the MK and RHA concrete can be used as structural concrete at suitable replacement percentage. 

scholarly journals Performance of Dredged Sediment as a Replacement for Fine Aggregates in Concrete Mixture: Case Study at Sungai Pekan, Pahang

2019 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 01017
Author(s):  
Norpadzlihatun Manap ◽  
Gomathi Govindasamy ◽  
Sulzakimin Mohamed ◽  
Narimah Kasim ◽  
Sharifah Meryam Shareh Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dredged Sediment ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Dredged Sediments ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Average Compressive Strength

Dredging is essential to maintain suitable depth for shipping by removing dredged sediments from sea and river banks. It is also an important process to supply construction material. In Pahang, increasing flood cases is occurring due to increased sea and river bed level. Thus, dredging is needed to be performed in this location. In addition, the rapid growth of the construction industry requires a sustainable approach. The reuse of dredged sediments as construction material could be a sustainable approach. Therefore, this research aims to study the engineering properties of dredged sediments and to compare the strength of concrete made from dredged sediments with conventional concrete. The samples for this research obtained from the location of this study at Sungai Pekan. Laboratory testing was performed to determine the engineering properties of dredged sediments and compressive strength of concrete produced from the dredged sediments. The highest average compressive strength of the concrete cube produced from Sample 1 is 9.2 N/mm² for seven days and 11.9 N/mm² for 28 days curing period. Comparatively, Sample 3 has the lowest average compressive strength that is 2.1 N/mm² for seven days and 2.7 N/mm² for 28 days curing period. The strength that is required to be achieved is 14 N/mm² for curing seven days and 20 N/mm² for curing period of 28 days. In conclusion, the concrete cubes made from dredged sediment taken at the sampling area are unable to produce concrete that satisfies the minimum strength for the C20 concrete mix. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is the minimal potential use of dredged sediments taken from the location of this study for the production of concrete in the construction industry.

scholarly journals Pervious Pavement Blocks Made from Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET): Fabrication and Engineering Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6356
Author(s):  
Byung-Hyun Ryu ◽  
Sojeong Lee ◽  
Ilhan Chang
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Pervious Pavement ◽  
Recycled Polyethylene ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Material Fabrication ◽  
Flexural Tests

The importance of permeable and pervious pavements in reducing urban stormwater runoff and improving water quality is growing. Here, a new pervious pavement block material based on recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste is introduced, which could contribute to reducing global plastic waste via PET’s utilization for construction material fabrication. The engineering properties and durability of recycled PET aggregate (RPA) pervious blocks are verified through flexural tests, in situ permeability tests, clogging tests, and freeze-thaw durability tests, and their cost-effectiveness is assessed by comparison with existing permeable/pervious pavers. Their engineering and economic characteristics confirm that the RPA pervious blocks are suitable for use in urban paving.

Value Added Product of Lightweight Cement from Industrial By-Products Using Geopolymer Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 934 ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
Teewara Suwan ◽  
Boontarika Paphawasit ◽  
Xiang Ming Zhou ◽  
Pitiwat Wattanachai
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
By Products ◽  
Main Material

In construction and building material sector, Lightweight Cement (LWC) has been receiving much more attention due to some of its advantages compared to other lightweight materials e.g. wood, foam and plastic. The method of incorporating tiny air bubbles into cementitious matrix for lightweight cement production is widely used as it could achieve good engineering properties with efficient production process. Conventional methods, Autoclaved Aerated Cement (AAC) and Portland cement-Cellular Lightweight Cement (CLC), use Portland cement as a main material which could lead to a huge disturbance to natural sources as well as release massive amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere during its calcination. To achieve green construction material scheme, an attempt to utilize industrial wastes (by-products) as raw starting materials have been developing. One among those value-added approaches is OPC-less alkaline-activated cement from by-products, called Geopolymer technique. The main aim of this paper is to develop lightweight cement by using geopolymer technique with (CLC) method, called GP-CLC system, in order to optimize both economical aspects and engineering properties. The preliminary results show that the compressive strength of GP-CLC cannot reach that level of AAC system, but the strength was higher than the conventional OPC-CLC. The main challenge is that unit CO2 emission can be significantly reduce by using GP-CLC system as OPC consumption is replaced by by-product, fly ash.

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