Effect of local hot smoking on proximate composition, lipid oxidation, fatty acid profile and minerals content of <I>Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus</I> from Lake Maga in Cameroon

Fish with higher nutrient qualities can be used to solve malnutrition problems in Africa. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of local smoking on proximate composition and lipid oxidation of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus collected in Cameroon. The proximate composition was assessed using standard methods while lipid quality assessment was based on the determination of biochemical indexes. A change on fatty acid composition was evaluated by gas chromatography while minerals composition was evaluated by spectrophotometer. On nutritional point of view, raw fish have high protein, lipid and ash contents (51.87, 37.48 and 8.55 g/100 g dry weight respectively). Unsaturated fatty acid may be up to 57% of the total fatty acids. Raw C. nigrodigitatus contain reasonable amount of minerals. Smoking process increased ash and lipid content while proteins and moisture contents are reduced in these fish. The iodine value of C. nigrodigitatus was reduced while acid, peroxide and TOTOX values increased during smoking. The marked decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids was noted during processing. Mineral contents were affected by smoking process. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, manganese and iron contents increased significantly. In conclusion, hot smoking enhances nutrients content of C. nigrodigitatus while significant reduction in lipid quality was recorded.Keywords: Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, smoking process, nutritional value, lipid oxidation, mineral contents. Frence Title; Effet du fumage traditionnel sur la composition chimique, l’état d’oxydation des lipides, la composition en acide gras et la teneur en minéraux de Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus du Lac Maga au Cameroun Le Poisson est l’une des sources d’éléments nutritifs de qualité pouvant contribuer à prévenir la malnutrition en Afrique. Ce travail s’est donné pour objectif d’évaluer l’effet du fumage traditionnel sur la composition chimique et l’état d’oxydation des lipides de Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus provenant du Lac Maga au Cameroun. Les méthodes standards ont été utilisées pour la détermination de la composition chimique, la mesure de l’état d’oxydation des lipides par des indices chimiques, la composition en acides gras par chromatographie en phase gazeuse et les minéraux par spectrophotométrie. Du point de vue nutritionnel, ce poisson frais contient respectivement 51,87 ; 37,48 and 8,55 g/100 g de matière sèches de protéines, lipides et cendres. Il contient également 57% d’acides gras insaturés et une quantité raisonnable de minéraux. Le traitement de fumage provoque une augmentation de la teneur en cendres et en lipides. Par contre la teneur en eau et en protéines diminuent. L’indice d’iode baisse tandis que les indices d’acide, de peroxyde et de TBARs augmentent. Une diminution du taux d’acides gras polyinsaturés est observée. Les minéraux sont également affectés au cours du fumage. Le traitement de fumage améliore la teneur en nutriments de C. nigrodigitatus, par contre réduit la qualité lipidique de celui-ci. Mots clés : Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, fumage, valeur nutritionnelle, oxydation des lipides, teneur en minéraux.

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Physical Fruit Traits, Nutritional Composition, and Seed Oil Fatty Acids Profiling in the Main Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Varieties Grown in Morocco

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2021/5138043 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Mohamed Ibourki ◽

Fadma Azouguigh ◽

Si Mohamed Jadouali ◽

El Hassan Sakar ◽

Laila Bijla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Proximate Composition ◽

Date Palm ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Energy Value ◽

Fruit Flesh ◽

Reducing Capacity

We investigated fruit physical traits and nutritional value in both seed and flesh in eight Moroccan date palm varieties. The greatest values of weight for whole fruit, flesh, seed, and flesh percentage were found in “Boufgous,” “Agondari,” and “Bouskri.” These two later varieties displayed also their superiority with respect to proximate composition. For fruit flesh, proximate composition, energy value, and reducing capacity ranged as follows: proteins (1.60–3.53%), moisture (5.31–17.31%), ash (2.08–2.50%), lipids (0.32–1.09%), carbohydrates (76.69–90.18%), energy value (338.30–385.89 kcal/100 g), and reducing capacity (100.14–1607.12 mg GAE/100 g). Corresponding values in seeds were as follows: proteins (3.20–5.00%), moisture (1.42–4.14%), ash (1.14–1.50%), lipids (6.30–7.40%), carbohydrates (83.39–85.55%), energy value (417.06–429.51 kcal/100 g), and reducing capacity (1427.71–6843.84 mg GAE/100 g dry weight). Among all minerals (K, Ca, Mg, B, Fe, Cu, Mn, Na, and Zn) found in both fruit parts, K had the highest records for both flesh (12047 mg/kg) and seed (6127.6 mg/kg), followed by Mg and Ca. Seeds lipidic fraction was dominated by monounsaturated fatty acid C18 : 1 (47.5%), followed by saturated fatty acids mostly C12 : 0 (18.0%), C14 : 0 (10.5%), and C16 : 0 (10.6%) and finally polyunsaturated fatty acid C18 : 2 (8.8%). It could be concluded that investigated varieties presented a great importance from a nutritional point of view, and seeds could present important opportunities of valorization.

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Bicarbonate for microalgae cultivation: a case study in a chlorophyte, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis isolated from a Norwegian lake

Journal of Applied Phycology ◽

10.1007/s10811-021-02420-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ikumi Umetani ◽

Eshetu Janka ◽

Michal Sposób ◽

Chris J. Hulatt ◽

Synne Kleiven ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Production ◽

Cetane Number ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Fatty Acid Production ◽

Total Fatty Acids

AbstractBicarbonate was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for a green microalga, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis, isolated from Lake Norsjø in Norway. Photosynthesis, growth, and lipid production were studied using four inorganic carbon regimes: (1) aeration only, (2) 20 mM NaHCO3, (3) 5% (v/v) CO2 gas, and (4) combination of 20 mM NaHCO3 and 5% CO2. Variable chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis revealed that the bicarbonate treatment supported effective photosynthesis, while the CO2 treatment led to inefficient photosynthetic activity with a PSII maximum quantum yield as low as 0.31. Conversely, bicarbonate and CO2 treatments gave similar biomass and fatty acid production. The maximum growth rate, the final cell dry weight, and total fatty acids under the bicarbonate-only treatment were 0.33 (± 0.06) day−1, 673 (± 124) mg L−1 and 75 (± 5) mg g−1 dry biomass, respectively. The most abundant fatty acid components were α-linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids constituting 69% of the total fatty acids. The fatty acid profile eventuated in unsuitable biodiesel fuel properties such as high degree of unsaturation and low cetane number; however, it would be relevant for food and feed applications. We concluded that bicarbonate could give healthy growth and comparative product yields as CO2.

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Rat-dietary fructose and the intestinal distribution and growth of Moniliformis (Acanthocephala)

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000057176 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 57-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

D. W. T. Crompton ◽

Anne Keymer ◽

A. Singhvi ◽

M. C. Nesheim

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Sexual Development ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Infection Period ◽

Dietary Fructose ◽

Growth Differences ◽

Maize Oil

SUMMARYThe numbers, distribution in the small intestine, sexual development and growth (dry weight) of 5-week-old Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala) were investigated experimentally in adult, female CFHB rats fed on theoretically isoenergetic diets containing known amounts of fructose in combination with either maize-oil fatty acids or maize oil and two concentrations of casein. There was no obvious development of M. dubius when there was no fructose in the host's diet. In contrast, estimated consumption by the host of as little as about 2 g of fructose during the 5-week infection period was accompanied by marked sexual dimorphism and weight gain in most of the M. dubius present. The dry weights of M. dubius of both sexes were positively correlated with fructose concentrations ranging from 0 to 2·5 % (w/w) in the diets containing fatty acids. Significant, but not substantial, increases in M. dubius dry weight were observed as the dietary fructose concentration was raised to 12 % (w/w). Similar trends were observed when the fructose was offered to the infected rats with maize oil, but in general, fructose added to the fatty-acid based diets supported most M. dubius growth. Differences in the distribution pattern of the worms in rats fed on the fatty-acid or maize-oil based diets were observed and their possible significance is discussed.

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Effects of aging on characteristics of breast meat from free-range broiler hens at 12 or 70 weeks of age

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an16523 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (9) ◽

pp. 1726 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. L. M. Mello ◽

R. A. Souza ◽

F. B. Ferrari ◽

A. Giampietro-Ganeco ◽

P. A. Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Shear Force ◽

Aging Process ◽

Control Group ◽

Breast Meat ◽

Free Range ◽

Final Yield ◽

Effects Of Aging

We evaluated the effect of broiler age and aging process on the meat characteristics of breast fillets from female free-range broilers slaughtered at 12 weeks of age (Wk12) and 70 weeks of age (Wk70). We used breast meat from female ISA Label (n = 60) broilers. Ten samples of each broiler age were aged in an incubator (2°C ± 0.5°C) for 3 and 7 days. Ten samples for each broiler age were analysed 4 h post-slaughter (Control group). Compared with breast meat from Wk12, breast meat from Wk70 showed higher shear force (30.52 N vs 27.19; P = 0.0322) and total collagen (4.33 g/kg vs 3.77 g/kg; P = 0.0149), which were reduced during aging to 15.49 N and 3.92 mg/100 g, respectively. The aging process did not affect the lipid oxidation of breast meat from Wk70. After aging for 3 days, breast meat from Wk70 had similar protein and fat contents to those of meat from Wk12 (21.29% and 1.04%, on average, respectively). Breast meat from Wk70 also showed lower concentrations of docosahexaenoic (0.32% vs 0.65%; P < 0.0001) and eicosapentaenoic (0.01% vs 0.12%; P < 0.0001) fatty acids than meat from Wk12. The use of free-range hen meat is beneficial to the industry because of the lower storage and cooking losses, which may influence the final yield, besides its lower polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration, which makes it less vulnerable to rancidification. Aging for at least 3 days at 2°C is satisfactory to promote the tenderisation of meat from free-range broiler hens.

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Analysis of Lipids Produced by Microalgae Isolated from the Area around Okinawa, Japan

Applied Environmental Materials Science for Sustainability - Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-1971-3.ch010 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 222-233

Author(s):

Shinya Ikematsu ◽

Ipputa Tada ◽

Yasuma Nagasaki

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Botryococcus Braunii ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

High Lipid ◽

Institute Of Technology ◽

Petroleum Reserves

Petroleum reserves have been decreasing in recent years and microalgae are attractive as a potential source of new biomass petroleum. Microalgae are unicellar microscopic algae and most species microalgae produce lipids. In particular, Botryococcus braunii produces large amount of lipids found with nearly 70% on the basis of the dry weight. This chapter reviews high lipid-producing microalgae found from Okinawa area around National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College (NIT, Okinawa). The microalgae collected were isolated on an AF-6 agar plates, and incubated in AF-6 medium. The fatty acids were extracted from the algae, converted into fatty acid methyl esters, and analysed by GC/MS. As a result, two microalgae strains were identified that the produced fatty acids was loaded in the algae with nearly 20% in the dry weight base. In addition, these two microalgae strains produced palmitic acid as nearly 40% of the total produced lipids. Therefore, the two microalga strains isolated are potentially and highly efficient for the organisms applied for the production of biodiesel fuel.

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Nutritional Indices for Assessing Fatty Acids: A Mini-Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21165695 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (16) ◽

pp. 5695 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jiapeng Chen ◽

Hongbing Liu

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Unsaturation Index ◽

Dietary Fats ◽

Marine Animal ◽

Nutritional Indices ◽

Animal Products ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Lipid Quality ◽

Health Promoting

Dietary fats are generally fatty acids that may play positive or negative roles in the prevention and treatment of diseases. In nature, fatty acids occur in the form of mixtures of saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), so their nutritional and/or medicinal values must be determined. Herein, we do not consider the classic indices, such as ∑SFA, ∑MUFA, ∑PUFA, ∑n-6 PUFA, ∑n-3 PUFA, and n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA; instead, we summarize and review the definitions, implications, and applications of indices used in recent years, including the PUFA/SFA, index of atherogenicity (IA), the index of thrombogenicity (IT), the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (HH), the health-promoting index (HPI), the unsaturation index (UI), the sum of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA), fish lipid quality/flesh lipid quality (FLQ), the linoleic acid/α-linolenic acid (LA/ALA) ratio, and trans fatty acid (TFA). Of these nutritional indices, IA and IT are the most commonly used to assess the composition of fatty acids as they outline significant implications and provide clear evidence. EPA + DHA is commonly used to assess the nutritional quality of marine animal products. All indices have their advantages and disadvantages; hence, a rational choice of which to use is critical.

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Synthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoate in the Peroxisome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Using Intermediates of Fatty Acid β-Oxidation

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.67.11.5254-5260.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 67 (11) ◽

pp. 5254-5260 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Yves Poirier ◽

Nadine Erard ◽

Jean MacDonald-Comber Petétot

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Isocitrate Lyase ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pha Synthase ◽

Recombinant Yeast ◽

Medium Chain Length ◽

The Media

ABSTRACT Medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polyesters having properties of biodegradable thermoplastics and elastomers that are naturally produced by a variety of pseudomonads.Saccharomyces cerevisiae was transformed with thePseudomonas aeruginosa PHAC1 synthase modified for peroxisome targeting by the addition of the carboxyl 34 amino acids from the Brassica napus isocitrate lyase. The PHAC1 gene was put under the control of the promoter of the catalase A gene. PHA synthase expression and PHA accumulation were found in recombinantS. cerevisiae growing in media containing fatty acids. PHA containing even-chain monomers from 6 to 14 carbons was found in recombinant yeast grown on oleic acid, while odd-chain monomers from 5 to 15 carbons were found in PHA from yeast grown on heptadecenoic acid. The maximum amount of PHA accumulated was 0.45% of the dry weight. Transmission electron microscopy of recombinant yeast grown on oleic acid revealed the presence of numerous PHA inclusions found within membrane-bound organelles. Together, these data show that S. cerevisiae expressing a peroxisomal PHA synthase produces PHA in the peroxisome using the 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A intermediates of the β-oxidation of fatty acids present in the media. S. cerevisiaecan thus be used as a powerful model system to learn how fatty acid metabolism can be modified in order to synthesize high amounts of PHA in eukaryotes, including plants.

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Effects of dehydration and rehydration on the polar lipid and fatty acid composition of Ramonda species

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b92-015 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 107-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Branka Stevanovic ◽

Pham Thi Anh Thu ◽

Fernando Monteiro de Paula ◽

Jorge Vieira da Silva

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Flowering Plants ◽

Total Lipids ◽

Tolerant Plants ◽

Habitat Analysis ◽

Oleic And Linoleic Acids

Endemic Balkan species Ramonda serbica and Ramonda nathaliae (Gesneriaceae) are rare resurrection flowering plants, known to withstand repeated cycles of desiccation–rehydration in their natural habitat. Analysis of their leaf lipids and fatty acids revealed a rather small amount of total lipids (15.8 mg/g dry weight in R. serbica and 19.5 in R. nathaliae) and galactolipids, particularly the monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol, considerably poorer in linolenic acid in comparison to other flowering plants (55% for R. nathaliae and 64% for R. serbica). Severe desiccation leads to a drastic loss in total lipids (76% in R. serbica and 71.5% in R. nathaliae), especially in monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol, but the recovery is extremely rapid and thorough upon the rewetting. A shift towards the more saturated oleic and linoleic acids in galactolipids occurs at a different time and to a different degree in the two species, and it is not evenly repaired. Ramonda serbica, known to be somewhat less resistant, shows a wider range of lipid changes. Key words: lipid, fatty acids, desiccation-tolerant plants, Ramonda serbica, Ramonda nathaliae.

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The Comparison of Fatty Acid Composition and Lipid Quality Indices in Hard Cow, Sheep, and Goat Cheeses

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9111667 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1667 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Beata Paszczyk ◽

Joanna Łuczyńska

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Total Content ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Quality Indices ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Lipid Quality

This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid composition, including the contents, of conjugated linoleic acid cis9trans11 C18:2 (CLA) and trans C18:1 and C18:2 isomers in hard cow, sheep, and goat cheeses found on the Polish market and to compare lipid quality indices in these cheeses. The gas chromatography method was used to determine the fatty acid profile. The study demonstrated various contents of cis9trans 11 C18:2 (CLA), trans C18:1, and C18:2 isomers and the values of lipid quality indices in the cheeses. Sheep and goat cheeses were richer sources of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) (14.73 ± 2.55% and 14.80 ± 2.80%, respectively) than the cow cheeses (9.38 ± 0.87%). The cow cheeses had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio, and the highest content of fatty acids, inducing a desirable dietary effect in humans (DFA) compared to the sheep and goat cheeses. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found in sheep cheeses. Goat cheeses had the highest n-3 PUFA content and the lowest values of the thrombogenicity index (TI) (2.67 ± 0.44) compared to the sheep and cow cheeses (3.14 ± 0.29 and 3.13 ± 0.13, respectively). The cow, sheep, and goat cheeses were characterized by similar values of the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (H/H) ratio. Sheep cheeses had the highest levels of cis9trans11 C18:2 (CLA) and the highest total content of trans C18:1 and trans C18:2 isomers. The research showed that sheep, cow, and goat cheeses offered various health benefits. The differences in fatty acid composition and the different values of the lipid quality indices found in the cheeses may be due to differences in both the composition of milk used to produce them and the cheese-making technology. Studies conducted by many authors have indicated that the feeding system of the ruminants has a significant impact on the quality and chemical composition of milk, as well as its applicability for cheese production.

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