scholarly journals Chemical Substances and in-Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of Ageratum Conyzoides in Plasmodium Berghei Infected Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1813-1817
Author(s):  
I.H. Ifijen ◽  
M. Maliki ◽  
O.K. Ogbeide ◽  
R.O. Okonkwo ◽  
S.O. Omorogbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Promising Source

Malaria afflicts millions of people globally, particularly in tropical Africa; it is transmitted to humans through a bite of an Anopheles mosquito. Phytochemical, acute toxicity and in-vivo antiplasmodial activity of the leaves of Ageratum conyzoides were examined to study its effects on Mice that have been infected with the malaria parasite. Phytochemical screening of the methanol extract revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids and chromene. The LD50 was established at ˃ 1000 mg/kg body weight of mice. The methanol extract of A. conyzoides displayed intrinsic prophylactic and curative anti-malaria activity. At 200 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight of mice, the extract revealed the highest percentage inhibition (83 and 61) for the prophylactic and curative study respectively. The acute toxicity study showed that A. conyzoides extract is relatively safe within the study administered doses. The methanol extract of the prophylactic study against Plasmodium berghei revealed an increase in the level of significance at administered portions of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg in comparison with 0.2 ml distilled water and 10 mg/kg chloroquine. The methanol extract of the therapeutic study against Plasmodium berghei revealed a slight increase in the level of significance at administered doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, however, no significant effect was observed for 400 mg/kg compared to the negative control and reference drug. The outcome implies that methanol leave extract of A. conyzoides possesses meaningful antiplasmodial activities and could be a promising source of novel antimalarial.Keywords: Malaria, Ageratum conyzoides, phytochemical screening, acute toxicity, Plasmodium berghei

scholarly journals In Vivo Antiplasmodial Activities and Acute Toxicity Assessment of Two Plant Cocktail Extracts Commonly Used Among Southwestern Nigerians.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Omagha ◽  
E.T. Idowu ◽  
C.G. Alimba ◽  
A.O Otubanjo ◽  
E.O. Agbaje
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Level Of Significance

Abstract Discovering and developing the desired antimalarials continue to be a necessity especially due to treatment failures, drug resistance, limited availability and affordability of pharmaceutical antimalarials, costs and logistical problems especially in poor malarious countries. This study investigated the efficacies of two plant cocktails; CtA and CtB, selected based on their traditional usage. Activities of the cocktail extracts, chloroquine and pyrimethamine against Plasmodium berghei berghei were evaluated using the suppressive, curative and prophylactic test models, after oral and intraperitoneal acute toxicity determination of the plant cocktails in accordance with Lorke method. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0 with level of significance set at P<0.05. The median lethal dose was determined to be higher than 5000 mg/kg body weight orally for both CtA and CtB; and 316.23 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally for CtA. Each cocktail exhibited high dose dependent Plasmodium berghei berghei inhibition which was 96.95%, 99.13% in the CtA800 mg/kg, CtB800 mg/kg doses in the curative groups respectively, 96.46%, 78.62% for CtA800mg/kg, CtB800mg/kg doses in the suppressive groups respectively, and 65.05%, 88.80% for CtA800mg/kg, CtB800mg/kg doses in the prophylactic groups respectively. Throughout the observation periods, the standard drugs, chloroquine phosphate and pyrimethamine maintained higher inhibitions up to 100%. These findings demonstrate that CtA and CtB possess good antimalarial abilities and calls for their development and standardization as effective and readily available antimalarial options. The acute toxicity results obtained underscore the importance of obtaining information on toxicities of medicinal plant remedies before their administration in both humans and animals.

scholarly journals In Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of Terminalia mantaly Stem Bark Aqueous Extract in Mice Infected by Plasmodium berghei

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mariscal Brice Tchatat Tali ◽  
Cedric Derick Jiatsa Mbouna ◽  
Lauve Rachel Yamthe Tchokouaha ◽  
Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou ◽  
Jaures Marius Tsakem Nangap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract

Background. Terminalia mantaly is used in Cameroon traditional medicine to treat malaria and related symptoms. However, its antiplasmodial efficacy is still to be established. Objectives. The present study is aimed at evaluating the in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity and the oral acute toxicity of the Terminalia mantaly extracts. Materials and Methods. Extracts were prepared from leaves and stem bark of T. mantaly, by maceration in distilled water, methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane (DCM), and hexane. All extracts were initially screened in vitro against the chloroquine-resistant strain W2 of P. falciparum to confirm its in vitro activity, and the most potent one was assessed in malaria mouse model at three concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bw). Biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters were also determined. Results. Overall, 7 extracts showed in vitro antiplasmodial activity with IC50 ranging from 0.809 μg/mL to 5.886 μg/mL. The aqueous extract from the stem bark of T. mantaly (Tmsbw) was the most potent (IC50=0.809 μg/mL) and was further assessed for acute toxicity and efficacy in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Tmsbw was safe in mice with a median lethal dose (LD50) higher than 2000 mg/kg of body weight. It also exerted a good antimalarial efficacy in vivo with ED50 of 69.50 mg/kg and had no significant effect on biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters. Conclusion. The results suggest that the stem bark extract of T. mantaly possesses antimalarial activity.

scholarly journals In Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of Two Sahelian Plant Extracts on Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infected NMRI Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léa Nadège Bonkian ◽  
R. Serge Yerbanga ◽  
Benjamin Koama ◽  
Aboubakar Soma ◽  
Mamoudou Cisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Guiera Senegalensis

Up to now, the control of malaria remains a challenge. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for uncomplicated malaria treatment. Despite this guideline, many people in Burkina Faso use herbal medicine as primary treatment against malaria. The aim of this study was to assess the in vivo activity of Guiera senegalensis J. F. Gmel and Bauhinia rufescens Lam. leaves extracts against Plasmodium berghei ANKA. A four-day treatment of leaves decoction of each plant was administrated orally to 7 groups of six NMRI (Naval Medical Research Institute) mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain. The control group received distilled water as treatment while the treated groups each received daily 100, 250, and 500 mg extract/kg body weight. Thin blood smears were performed on day five and the percentage of reduction of parasitaemia was determined compared to the control. The percentages of reduction of the parasitaemia at the doses of 100, 250, and 500 mg extract/kg body weight were, respectively, 57.5%, 35.9%, and 44.9% for Guiera senegalensis and 50.6%, 22.2%, and 25.7% for Bauhinia rufescens. Our findings on antiplasmodial activity of these two plants justify the traditional use by local populations against malaria. Thus, the isolation of the active compounds from these two plants is suggested for possible antimalarial candidate drugs.

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf in Swiss Albino Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei NK 65

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
E. O. Dada ◽  
R. O. Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Parasitaemia Level ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

The study assessed the antiplasmodial activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus on chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei in mice. Standard methods were used to determine the bioactive components of the leaf extract, acute toxicity test and antiplasmodial activity.  Mice obtained (of body weight 20-25 g) were housed and acclimatized for seven days at room temperature before the commencement of the experiment. A total of 16 albino mice were randomized into four groups of four mice each for acute toxicity while 35 were grouped into five groups of seven mice each for antiplasmodial activity. All the groups 1-5 were infected with P. berghei and were treated for six consecutive days with leaf extract dosage of 200, 400 and        800 mg/kg, standard antimalarial drug (chloroquine) as positive control and normal saline as negative control respectively. Phytochemical screening/ bioactive compounds of the leaf extract reveals the presence of saponins (10.3 mg/g), tannins (2.38 mg/g), flavonoids (1.87 mg/g), terpenoids (19.12 mg/g), steroids (6.21 mg/g) and glycosides (19.9 mg/g) as secondary metabolites. The leaf extract revealed decrease in body weight of the infected mice and did not show any toxicity at all dosage levels used. The antiplasmodial investigation revealed a decrease in percentage parasitaemia level in mice of extract treated groups compared with mice infected and not treated. The parasitaemia reduction was higher in 800 mg/kg than 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. This significant decrease (P<0.05) in percentage parasitaemia level in the study was dose and time-dependent. The extract showed significant (p<0.05) antiplasmodial activity and could serve as possible candidates for the development of new effective drugs for the treatment of malaria.

scholarly journals In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of 80% Methanol and Aqueous Bark Extracts of Terminalia brownii Fresen. (Combretaceae) against Plasmodium berghei in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Biruk ◽  
Biruk Sentayehu ◽  
Yonatan Alebachew ◽  
Wondmagegn Tamiru ◽  
Abebe Ejigu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Promising Source

Background. Despite a substantial scientific progress over the past two decades, malaria continues to be a worldwide burden. Evergrowing resistance towards the currently available antimalarial drugs is a challenge to combat malaria. Medicinal plants are a promising source of new drugs to tackle this problem. Thus, the present study aimed at evaluating the antiplasmodial activity of Terminalia brownii in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Methods. A 4-day suppressive test was employed to evaluate the antimalarial effect of 80% methanol and aqueous bark extracts of T. brownii against P. berghei in Swiss albino mice. Results. The in vivo acute toxicity test indicated that both extracts of T. brownii did not cause mortality. The 4-day early infection test revealed that the 80% methanol and aqueous extracts exhibited a significant inhibition of parasitemia p<0.001 compared to negative control. The maximum level of chemosuppression (60.2%) was exhibited at 400 mg/kg dose of 80% methanol extract. Moreover, the 80% methanol extract showed a significant p<0.001 attenuation of anemia associated with infection in a dose-dependent manner. The aqueous extract, on the other hand, exhibited a percent inhibition of 51.1% at the highest dose (400 mg/kg/day). Conclusion. The present study indicated that hydromethanolic and aqueous bark extracts of T. brownii possess a promising antimalarial activity, with higher effect exhibited by the hydromethanolic extract.

Neuropharmacological Profile and Chemical Analysis of Moroccan Ormenis mixta L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S55-S64
Author(s):  
G. Hajjaj ◽  
A. Bahlouli ◽  
M. Tajani ◽  
K. Alaoui ◽  
Y. Cherrah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

Ormenis mixta L. is traditionally used for central nervous system (CNS)-related diseases. Its anti-stress properties have received attention in Moroccan traditional medicine and aromatherapy. However, no pharmacological studies have yet been undertaken on this plant in Morocco. The present study provides a preliminary phytochemical screening and psychopharmacological profile of the essential oil and aqueous extract from Ormenis mixta L. by using behavioral tests in vivo, at graded doses. The result of this research shows that Ormenis mixta L. was safe up to 2 g/kg b.w. (body weight) in the acute toxicity study, possesses potential psychostimulant effect, and has antianxiety and antidepressant-like activity. This activity profile of Ormenis mixta L. was similar to the typical psychostimulant, caffeine. The exact mechanism of action underlying this stimulant-like effect should be clarified with further detailed studies. These results explained the extensive use of Ormenis mixta L. as a traditional medicine in Morocco.

scholarly journals Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Soulatro Coumarin From Stem Bark of Calophyllum soulattri Burm F and In Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity by Using Mice Infected by Plasmodium berghei

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Jamilah Abbas ◽  
Achmad Darmawan ◽  
Syafruddin Syafruddin
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Nmr Techniques ◽  
Coumarin Compound

The soulatro coumarin compound was isolated and elucidated from the stem bark of Calophyllum soulattri Burm F, the samples were collected from Jayapura Papua Irian Island in Indonesia. Isolation process was done by maceration at room temperature in methanol, than partitioned in a mixture of n hexane-water (1:1), followed by dichloromethane-water (1:1)  and ethyl acetate-water (1:1). A portion of ethyl acetate extract was subjected to column chromatography over silica gel packed and eluted with n-hexane a gradient of ethyl acetate to 100% followed by CHCl3  in MeOH (20:1, 10 :1, 5:1, 1:1). Fraction  B (CHCl3 in MeOH 20:1) was subjected to column chromatography  over silica gel 300 mesh  and eluted with EtOAc-MeOH mixtures of increasing polarity. Faction with the same Rf valeus were combined and eluted with EtOAc-MeOH  (19:1) showed one spot on TLC. They were combined and evaporated to yield a solid than was recrystallized in mixture of CH2Cl2-methanol to give soulatro coumarin compound. The structure was determinated by spectroscopic analysis, in particular by 1D and 2D NMR techniques, from these spectra data conclution that compound is soulatro coumarin. Antimalarial assay was tested against Plasmodium berghei parasite as in vivo using 18 mices rodent wich was infected by  Plasmodium berghei parasite. The soulatro coumarin  showed activity against P. berghei with dosage 0.0005867 mM/1 kg body weight ; 0.005867 mM/1 kg bw; 0.05867 mM/1 kg bw; 0.5867 mM/1 kg bw 5.867 mM/1 kg bw and 58.67 mM/1 kg bw could inhibite growth rate of parasite = 57.32%; 63.37%; 43.02%; 53.49%; 47.67% respectively.Keywords : Antiplasmodial activity, coumarin, Calophyllum soulattri Burm. F, in vivo, Chloroquine, Plasmodium berghei.

scholarly journals In Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of Hydromethanolic Leaf Extract and Solvent Fractions of Maytenus gracilipes (Celastraceae) against Plasmodium berghei in Mice

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e08457
Author(s):  
Dejen Nureye ◽  
Muktar Sano Kedir ◽  
Rekik Ashebir Muluye ◽  
Workineh Woldeselassie Hammeso ◽  
Eyob Tekalign
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity

scholarly journals In vivo antiplasmodial properties of fractions and flavonoids of Pseudarthria hooheri Wight & Arn. (Fabaceae)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Tchamgoue ◽  
Amelework N. Eyado ◽  
Boniface P. Kamdem Kamdem ◽  
Yvan Anderson T. Ngandjui Ngandjui ◽  
Jean Claude Tchouankeu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Malaria Treatment ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Treatment Situation ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Etoac Fraction ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Main Components

Malaria is regarded as one of the most lethal diseases. Resistance to artemisinin and its derivatives jeopardises effective malaria treatment. Finding novel antimalarial chemicals is critical given the existing treatment situation. This work aimed to examine the antiplasmodial capabilities of <i>Pseudarthria hookeri</i> fractions and flavonoids in vivo. The fractions and compounds antiplasmodial activity were evaluated on male Swiss albino mice infected with <i>Plasmodium berghei</i>, and on healthy female Swiss albino mice, the crude extract's acute toxicity was assessed. The EtOAc fraction had significant antiplasmodial activity (32.53 percent suppression at 500 mg/kg BW) and considerably prolonged the survival period of infected mice (9.8 days) compared to control mice (7.8 days). Parasitaemia was dramatically reduced (85.01, 59.41, and 70.39 percent), and the mean survival time extended (11.33, 10.00, and 9.33 days) with 15, 20 and 35 mg/kg of quercetin (<b>1</b>), 7-O-benzyl-6-prenylpinocembrin (<b>6</b>) and 6,8-diprenyleriodictyol (<b>11</b>) (isolates of the EtOAc fraction), respectively. BW loss and PCV reduction were also averted. Moreover, at 2500 mg/kg, the crude extract of <i>P. hookeri</i> showed no acute toxicity in mice. LC-MS analysis of the EtOAc fraction enabled the identification of nine flavonoids, with <b>8</b> and <b>11</b> being the main components. The present investigation confirmed <i>P. hookeri</i>'s antiplasmodial action, substantiating its ethnomedicinal application for malaria treatment.

scholarly journals In-vivo Antiplasmodial Effect of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine-Nitrofurantoin on Plasmodium berghei- Infected Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Udeme O. Georgewill ◽  
Festus Azibanigha Joseph ◽  
Elias Adikwu
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Nitrofurantoin (NT) used for the treatment of urinary tract infections may have antiplasmodial activity. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is an artemisinin based combination therapy used for the treatment of malaria. This study evaluated the antiplasmodial effect of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine-nitrofurantoin (DP-NT) on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Adult Swiss albino mice (30-35 g) of both sexes were used. The mice were randomly grouped, inoculated with Plasmodium berghei, and treated orally with DP (1.7/13.7 mg/kg), NT (57.1 mg/kg) and DP-NT (1.71/13.7/ 57.1 mg/kg), respectively using curative, prophylactic and suppressive tests. The negative control was orally treated with normal saline (0.3 mL), while the positive control was orally treated with chloroquine CQ (10mg/kg). After treatment, blood samples were collected and evaluated for percentage parasitemia, inhibitions and hematological parameters. Liver samples were evaluated for histological changes. The mice were observed for mean survival time (MST). Treatment with DP-NT decreased parasitemia levels when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT prolonged MST when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. The decrease in packed cell volume, red blood cells, hemoglobin and increase in white blood cells in parasitized mice were significantly restored by DP-NT  when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT eradicated liver Plasmodium parasite.  NT remarkably increased the antiplasmodial activity of DP. DP-NT may be used for the treatment of malaria.

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