Effect of hormone on the seed germination of Garcinia kola Heckel.

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
FB Yakubu ◽  
JO Ogunade ◽  
OT Bolanle-Ojo ◽  
DK Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Garcinia Kola Heckel ◽  
And Control

Garcinia kola plays an important socioeconomic role in the Africa culture. Inspite of this, the plant only exists in the wild or as part of left over in the Agroforestry farms. Therefore, this research examined the phenology in seed germination for possible plantation establishment. G. kola seed dormancy and growth was investigated using hormone Napthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and Benzene Amino Purine (BAP) application to induce quick germination and early growth The experiment was laid in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatments (0.5mg/ml BAP, 0.5mg/ml NAA, 1mg/ml BAP, 1mg/ml NAA, 2mg/ml BAP, 2mg/ml NAA and Control) in twenty replications. The results showed that Garcinia kola seeds germinated in seven weeks in IBA. Growth were assessed for 19wks and the result showed that Length of Radicle (LR) and Number of Radicle (NR) were significantly affected by the treatments, while 0.5mg/ml IBA gave the best result among the treatments. Length of Plumule, Number of Leaves and Collar diameter were not significantly affected by the treatments.Keywords: Garcinia kola, seed, hormone, dormancy, germination

scholarly journals Trichoderma Contributes to the Germination and Seedling Development of Açaí Palm

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Bruno Fróes Campos ◽  
Anselmo Junior Corrêa Araújo ◽  
Cristina Aledi Felsemburgh ◽  
Thiago Almeida Vieira ◽  
Denise Castro Lustosa
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trichoderma Isolate ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Root Size ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

The application of Trichoderma fungus can be used to obtain seedlings of higher quality for plantations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Trichoderma isolates on the germination and initial growth of açaí seedlings. Two trials were set up. In the laboratory, the seeds were inoculated in suspensions prepared with each of the isolates for 24 h, and they were arranged in trays containing filter paper in a completely randomized design with five replicates containing 50 seeds each. For the control, the seeds were submerged only in water. Part of the seedlings resulting from seeds treated and not treated with Trichoderma were transferred to bags containing forest soil and were submitted to seven modes of application of Trichoderma and kept in a nursery. The speed of germination and hypocotyl were not influenced by the biological treatment. The application of the different Trichoderma isolates positively influenced the height, collar diameter, number of leaves, root size, leaf area and root, and aerial part dry mass of the açaí seedlings. The application of the Trichoderma isolate TAM01 on the preplanting substrate and biweekly applications on the postplanting substrate was the combination that most positively influenced the development of açai seedlings.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) as Influenced by Poultry Manure and Biochar in Two (2) Soil Depths

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
F. B. Musa ◽  
F. O. Abiodun ◽  
A. R. Falana ◽  
B. H. Ugege ◽  
R. V. Oyewumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
And Control

Background and Objective: Unproductive soil has been a major problem to farmers, recent interest in the use of a stable organic manure (biochar) as soil amendment and poultry manure to increase soil fertility is also increasing. Hence, the experiment was conducted to assess the condition of poultry manure and biochar on the growth and yield of tomato. Materials and Methods: A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Federal College of Forestry Ibadan, using polyethylene bag with 5 kg soil collected at two (2) soils depths, 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth at the botanical garden, Federal College of Forestry Ibadan. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The treatments used were poultry manure (5t/ha), biochar (10t/ha), mixture of poultry manure and biochar (1:1) and control (no amendment).The tomato seeds (UC82B) were sourced from NIHORT, Ibadan and raised in a germination basket. Data were collected weekly on plant height, collar diameter and number of leaves, 50% days to flowering and yield of tomato plants from two weeks after transplanting (WAT). Data collected were analyzed statistically using ANOVA while means were separated using LSD (p<0.05) where applicable. Results: In 0-15 cm soil, the growth variables (plant height, number of leaves and collar diameter) increased with various treatments used. The highest tomato height was observed with the application of biochar (10t/ha). All the treatments applied affected the number of tomato leaves at all weeks after transplanting (WAT) with poultry manure 5t/ha having the highest number of leaves at 7WAT, while collar diameter was significantly affected by various treatments from 2 to 5 WAT, with the mixture of P.M + BIO (1:1) recording the highest value and the control plot recorded the least values in all weeks. However, in 15-30 cm soil, there was  significant difference in the number of leaves of tomato among all the amended soil from 5 to 7 WAT, the highest tomato leaves were obtained when the soil was amended with poultry manure (5t/ha) and can be compared with other treatments. Interaction of poultry manure and biochar(1:1) and poultry manure 5 t/ha resulted in highest height of tomato plant from 3-7 WAT as compared to the control that had the least value but were not significantly different from the sole application of  biochar 10t/ha. Interaction of poultry manure + biochar (1:1) and poultry manure (5t/ha) gave the highest tomato flowering and fruits. Conclusion: Based on this result, biochar and poultry manure when added to soil, boosted the mineralization of the soil after amendment.

scholarly journals Influence of urea fertilizer on early growth of African Rose Wood (Pterocarpus erinaceous Poir.) seedlings in Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
A.I. Sodimu ◽  
R.K. Olaifa ◽  
G.O. Baba ◽  
O.M. Dahunsi ◽  
F.M. Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Metrical Character ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Influence of urea fertilizer on early growth and development of Pterocarpus erinaceous seedlings were investigated. Two hundred (200) uniformly growing seedlings were transplanted into polythene pots filled with top soil. Four urea fertilizer rates (0.035; 0.065; 0.095; 0.0125 g) and control were applied to the seedlings in the pots 20 × 25 × 25 cm, filled with 800 g of top soil collected from forest plantation. Assessment on the metrical character of the seedlings was done fortnightly. The fertilization of the selected seedlings with urea fertilizer was done round the seedlings in the nursery pots using ring method. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test at p < 0.05. The results show that fertilizer rates had significant (p < 0.05) effect on the growth and development of seedlings of P. erinaceous. Seedlings treated with 0.095 g of urea produced the highest mean values of 12.00 ± 0.66 cm; 0.33 ± 0.01 mm; 190 cm2 and 12.65 ± 0.67 for stem height, collar diameter, leaf area (LA) and number of leaves respectively. Seedlings fed with 0.125 g had the lowest values of 11.19 ± 0.61cm for height, 0.32± 0.01 mm for collar diameter 11.54 ± 0.70 for number of leaves and 124 cm2 for the LA. Urea fertilizers had significant effect on the early growth of the seedlings, therefore fertilization at 0.095 g per pot is recommended for raising P. erinaceous seedlings.

scholarly journals LACK OF EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT ON THE VIABILITY OF MACADAMIA (Macadamia integrifolia) SEED

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maharani Hasanah ◽  
Sukarman Sukarman ◽  
Devi Rusmin ◽  
Devi Rusmin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dehydrogenase Enzyme ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Good Quality Seed ◽  
Dehydrogenase Enzyme Activity

One problem in developing macadamia in Indonesia is the limited availability of good quality seed. Viability of the seed is easily lost and erratic, and the seed has long dormancy periods. The objective of the study was to find a method for enhancing germination percentage of macadamia seed. The study evaluated different pretreatments of macadamia seeds before planting. The pretreatments were period of fermentation, i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 daysone day each soakingdrying-soakingone day each drying-soaking-dryingand alternate drying-soaking until the seeds were cracked. The treatments were arranged in completely randomized design. Results showed that no treatment significantly affected percentage of seed germination, index of speed of germination, number of leaves, and dehydrogenase enzyme activity, but treatments significantly affected seedling height and electric conductivity of seed leakage solution. Seed germination percentage ranged from 66.67 to 86.67.

scholarly journals EFICIÊNCIA DO USO DE NITROGÊNIO EM PLANTAS TRANSGÊNICAS DE TABACO COM ALTO ACÚMULO DE PROLINA

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Eliane Batista Viudes ◽  
Flaive Loyse Baldassarini Silva ◽  
Alessandra Ferreira Ribas ◽  
Luiz Gonzaga Esteves Vieira ◽  
Carlos Henrique Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
N Efficiency ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Direct Use

Increasing the nitrogen use efficiencyofcrop plants is a result of the improvement in the mechanisms involved in nitrogen uptake, translocation, assimilation and remobilization. In this study, tobacco plants with high accumulation of proline caused by the insertion of the VaP5CSF129Amutant gene under control of the constitutive promoter CaMV35S was used as a model to investigate the effect of overexpression of the transgene in the uptake and utilization of N. For this, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 2x5 factorial arrangement, with two genotypes (transgenic eventand untransformed control) and five levels of nitrogen fertilization (25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 kg N ha-¹), cultivated under greenhouse conditions. Plants were evaluated for height, number of leaves, dry mass, free proline content, nitrogencontent, total protein content and use of the applied N (efficiency of absorption -EAbs, efficiency of leaf utilization –EUtiland efficiency of plant use -EUN). The transgenic plantswith high proline accumulation were less efficient than the control plants in terms of nitrogen absorption (with lowerN levelsin root, leaves and wholeplant), which resulted in lower EAbs. There was no difference between the transgenic and control genotypesfor EUtil. However, the transgenic plants presented lower EUN in comparison tothe control plants. Our data showed thattransgenictobacco plants withhigh proline accumulation do not have potential for direct use in agricultural systems, since the alteration of the biochemical balance between the metabolisms of nitrogen and carbon did not result in plants with higher EUN.

Effect of Ethephon and Packaging Practices On Ripening of Mango cv. Maldah

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
S Sapkota ◽  
D Kc ◽  
H Giri ◽  
M Saud ◽  
M Basnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Juice Content

The present research was conducted on two factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and three replications. A set of experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of postharvest ethephon treatment and packaging on ripening of mango cv. Maldah. The treatments consisted of ripening agent i.e., ethephon and control treatment under different packaging condition i.e., fiber with hole, fiber without hole, plastic with hole and plastic without hole. The result revealed that different packaging condition and ripening agents influenced the ripening behavior of mango. The highest TSS (15.26), sugar-acid ratio (23.66) and juice content (126.05) were recorded with fiber (without hole) and the lowest TSS (12.60), sugar-acid ratio (9.01) and juice content (116.05) with plastic (without hole). The highest TA (1.44) was recorded with plastic (without hole) and the lowest (0.66) with fiber (without hole). Similarly, the highest BT (2.83) was recorded with fiber (with hole) and the lowest (1.66) with plastic (without hole). Firmness, sweetness, TSS and juice content were the highest with the interaction effect of fiber bag (without hole) and ethephon treatment. In conclusion, mango fruits with ethephon treatment packed in fiber bag (without hole) enhances quality and ripening of mango whereas under controlled condition and without hole plastic packaging mangoes had low quality performance in terms of physio-chemical properties. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 155-163 (2021)

Subsitusi Fitohormon Dengan Air Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) pada Medium Vacin and Went Terhadap Pertumbuhan Eksplan Anggrek Dendrobium sp Secara in Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wulan Dari Neng Gumiwang ◽  
Tintrim Rahayu ◽  
Ari Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Culture Bottle ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

The purpose of this research is to determine the concentration of young coconut water that is appropriate for the growth of orchid plantlets (Dendrobium sp.) In vitro. This study used an experimental method, descriptive data analysis to compare several different concentrations of coconut water. The design of this study uses a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments consist of 0% coconut water concentration (as a control), 15%, 30% and 60%. Each concentration was carried out 5 replications and each repetition consisted of 5 Dendrobium sp plantlets in each culture bottle conducted for 40 HST, for observing the root length carried out for 50 HST. The highest number of shoots and leaves were produced at the same concentration, namely 150 ml / L coconut water treatment (15% concentration) with an average of 2.8 shoots and the average number of leaves 10.8 leaves. The average number of roots and the longest root length was produced at a concentration of 600 ml / L coconut water (60% concentration) with an average of 6 roots, and the longest root length was 0.5 cm.Keywords: Young coconut water, (Cocos nucifera L.), Dendrobium sp., in vitro, growth.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini ialah menentukan konsentrasi air kelapa muda yang tepat untuk pertumbuhan planlet anggrek (Dendrobium sp.) secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen, analisis data secara deskriptif untuk membandingan beberapa konsentrasi air kelapa yang berbeda. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakukan terdiri dari konsentrasi air kelapa 0 % (sebagai kontrol), 15% , 30% dan 60%. Masing-masing konsentrasi dilakukan 5 kali ulangan dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari 5 planlet Dendrobium sp dalam setiap botol kultur yang dilakukan selama 40 HST, untuk pengamatan panjang akar dilakukan selama 50 HST. Jumlah tunas dan jumlah daun terbanyak dihasilkan pada konsentrasi yang sama, yaitu perlakuan air kelapa 150 ml/L (konsentrasi 15%)  dengan rata-rata jumlah tunas terbanyak 2,8 tunas dan rata-rata jumlah daun terbanyak 10,8 helai daun. Rata-rata jumlah akar terbanyak dan panjang akar terpanjang dihasilkan pada konsentrasi air kelapa 600 ml/L (Konsentrasi 60%) dengan rata-rata jumlah akar terbanyak sebanyak 6 akar, dan rata-rata panjang akar terpanjang 0,5 cm.Kata kunci : Air kelapa Muda (Cocos nucifera L.), Dendrobium sp., in vitro, pertumbuhan 

GROWTH RESPONSE OF BEHA GRASS (Brachiaria humidicola) FERTILIZED WITH GOAT MANURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budiman Budiman ◽  
Natsir Sandiah ◽  
La Malesi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
New Production ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Length Data ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Goat Manure ◽  
Difference Test

This study aimed to determine the best dosage of goat manure as a natural fertilizer on Beha grass(Brachiaria humidicola). This study used 64 poles of Beha grass grown in polybags divided into 16plots, and it used a completely randomized design (CRD) to analyze the data. This study consist of 4treatments that is P0 (0 ton/ha of goat manure), P1 (10 ton/ha of goat manure), P2 (15 ton/ha of goatmanure), and P3 (20 ton/ha of goat manure). This study's variables were plant height, number of leaves,numbers of tillers, new production, and root length. Data analysis used ANOVA variance continued withreal honest difference test. The result of this study showed that averages of plant height (cm) wereP0=26, P1=50.5, P2=51.5, and P3=52.75. Averages of the number of leaves were P0=22, P1=110,P2=160, and P3=185. Averages of numbers of tillers were P0=7, P1=25, P2=37, and P3=38. Averages ofnew production (g) were P0=17.75, P1=123.5, P2=178, and P3=192.25. Averages of root length (cm)were P0=37.8, P1=39.5, P2=41.775, and P3=49.5. Fertilization with natural fertilizer from goat manurehas a genuine effect (P<0.01) on the growth of Beha grass. The best dosage of fertilization with goatmanure was 15 ton/ha.

scholarly journals Effect of pasteurization and starter cultures on physicochemical and microbiological properties of costeño cheese

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 8007-8014 ◽  
Author(s):  
José G. Serpa ◽  
Tulia I. Pérez ◽  
Elvis J. Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Sensorial Analysis ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Microbiological Properties

The effect of pasteurization and starter cultures on physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics of costeño cheese was determined. A completely randomized design was conducted, three treatments (T) and three replicates: Treatment 1 (T1): cheese manufactured with pasteurized milk without starter cultures, Treatment 2 (T2): cheese manufactured with pasteurized milk with Lactococcus lactis and Lactococcus cremoris (1:1) and Treatment 3 (T3): cheese manufactured with pasteurized milk with Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris and Streptococcus thermophillus(0.5:0.5:1). Treatments were compared to a control sample that was prepared with raw milk without starter cultures. Concentration of 1.5% (v/v) of culture was used in relation to the amount of used milk in each treatment. Moisture content was higher in all treatments compared to the control and protein and fat content were significantly lower. Acidity was significantly higher in samples from T2 y T3 compared to T1 and control, due to the metabolism of starter cultures. Total coliforms, yeast and mold counts showed a significant reduction due to pasteurization process in all treatments. Regarding sensorial analysis, hedonic test showed a greater preference in cheese manufactured with T2 (P<0.05). There were no significant preferences between T1, T3 and control. Additionally, yield was significantly higher with T1 (22%) and T3 (23%) compared to control.

scholarly journals Response of Lupinus bracteolaris seeds to pre-germinative treatments and experimental conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
Luciana Pinto Paim ◽  
Eduarda Demari Avrella ◽  
Juliana Carolina Alves Horlle ◽  
Claudimar Sidnei Fior ◽  
Marília Lazarotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
White Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Contextualization: Lupinus bracteolaris is a heliophite species that vegetates low lands, open slopes and sandstone hills. Knowledge gap: Despite the high rusticity and potential for covering poor soils, there is still no information to assist in the analysis of its seeds. Purpose: To determine pre-germinative treatments, substrate, temperature, luminosity and water intake in the vigor of Lupinus bracteolaris seeds. Methodology: Fruits were collected from 20 matrix plants, then the seeds were processed and submitted to the following tests: pre-germinative methods (six treatments at 25°C); substrates and temperatures (sand and paper at 20, 25 and 30°C); photoblast test (white light, diffuse-green light and continuous dark under 20°C) and the imbibition curve (control and scarification between sandpaper under 20°C). Evaluations: percentage of germination and formed seedlings, germination speed index, average germination time and seedling formation, using a completely randomized design. Results and conclusions: According to the analyzed variables, the results showed superiority for the pre-germinative treatment between sandpapers for 20 seconds. In addition, the substrate paper germibox and the temperature of 20°C were the most suitable during seed germination. The seeds of Lupinus bracteolaris were classified as neutral-photoblastic and without dormancy.

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