Campaign for development, social movement and revolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
A.S. Adeniran
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Social movement and revolution are tools used to shape social changes. Social movement aims to advance a group’s agenda either by rectifying cultural drifts, social disorganizations and social injustice but revolution aims to unseat the government or to transform the entire political order. Based on archival evidence, this article examines the impact of social movement on the manifestations and modifications of specific socio-cultural policies of democratic governments in Nigeria. Though there are commonalities and differentials between social movements and revolutions, there is a strong linkage between the two concepts. Social movement is largely an event on a micro-level while revolution is on a macro-level. Social movement engages limited violence and often resorts to thoughtful persuasion, but revolution enlists unlimited violence that manifests in gritty coercion. However, recently in Nigeria, a number of online social movements have developed and they strive to give voice to the voiceless in the socio-political structure, as well as gaining recognition online and offline, so as to promote social development within the polity. Karl Marx upholds that conflict is inevitable in the social structure yet it can be concluded that most of the fundamental developments in human history, such as national independence, democracy, social justice, social inclusion and civil/human rights have been won on the platform of social movement. There are hierarchical or stratified social relations in the society which breeds social struggle within the class systems. Unequivocally, social movements are bound to arise wherever social conditions are unfavorable. Key words: socio-cultural, social movement, revolution, development

A REVOLUÇÃO DOS CRAVOS: revolução e democracia, um debate

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
RAQUEL VARELA ◽  
ANTÓNIO SIMá•ES DO PAá‡O ◽  
JOANA ALCá‚NTARA
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Pact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Movimientos Sociales

Neste artigo fazemos uma sistematização das principais caracterá­sticas/causas da revolução portuguesa, argumentado que são as mudanças sociais que estão na origem das rupturas governativas e que a incapacidade de haver acordos institucionais prende-se com a impossibilidade de conjugação de projetos polá­ticos, impossibilitados de realizarem-se pela diná¢mica do movimento social, e não o seu inverso. Numa segunda parte do artigo analisamos o impacto do processo contrarrevolucionário ”“ o pacto social ”“ iniciado a partir de Novembro de 1975. Argumentamos que o pacto social nasceu em 1975 e ficou consagrado na Constituição de 1976, mantendo-se por causa da intensa conflituosidade herdada da revolução ”“ 10 governos em 10 anos, entre 1976 e 1985. Palavras-chave: Revolução dos cravos. Controle operário. Movimentos sociais. Portugal contemporá¢neo.  THE CARNATION REVOLUTION: revolution and democracy a debateAbstract: In this article we make a systematization of the main features/causes of the Portuguese revolution and argue that social changes give rise to disruptions in governance, and that the inability to have institutional arrangements concerns the impossibility of combining political projects, which are unable to perform due to the dynamics of social movement, not its inverse.   In the second part of the paper we analyse the impact of counter-revolutionary process - the social pact - started in November 1975. We argue that the social pact was born in 1975 and was consecrated in the 1976 Constitution, remaining because of the intense conflictuality inherited from revolution - 10 governments in 10 years, between 1976 and 1985. Keywords: Carnation Revolution. Worker”™s control. Social movements. Contemporary Portugal.  LA REVOLUCIÓN DE LOS "CRAVOS": revolución y democracia, un debateResumen: En este articulo, hacemos una sistematización de las principales caracterá­sticas causas de la revolución portuguesa, argumentando que son los cambios sociales que se encuentran en el origen de las rupturas gubernamentales y que la capacidad de haber acuerdos institucionales se aseguran con la imposibilidad de conjugación de proyectos polá­ticos, imposibilitados en realizarse por la dinámica del movimiento social. La segunda parte del artá­culo es analizado el impacto del proceso contra revolucionario - el pacto social - iniciado a partir de noviembre de 1975. Es argumentado que el pacto social nació en 1975 y se quedó consagrado en la constitución de 1976, manteniéndose por causa de la intensa conflictividad heredada por la revolución ”“ 10 (diez) gobiernos en 10 (diez) años, entre 1976 y 1985. Palabras clave: Revolución de los "cravos". Control operario. Movimientos sociales. Portugal contemporáneo.  

GERAKAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG LABALUBA DESA KONTUMERE KECAMATAN KABAWO KABUPATEN MUNA TAHUN 1960-1980

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurwan Nurwan ◽  
Ali Hadara ◽  
La Batia
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Movement Process ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

ABSTRAK: Inti pokok masalah dalam penelitian ini meliputi latar belakang gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna, Faktor-faktor yang mendorong gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna, proses gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna dan akibat gerakan sosial masyarakat Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna? Latar belakang gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba yaitu keadaan kampungnya yang hanya terdiri dari beberapa kepala keluarga tiap kampung dan jarak yang jauh masing-masing kampung membuat keadaan masyarakatnya sulit untuk berkomnikasi dan tiap kampung hanya terdiri dari lima sampai dengan tujuh kepala keluarga saja. Kampung ini letaknya paling timur pulau Muna terbentang dari ujung kota Raha sekarang sampai kampung Wakuru yang saat ini. Kondisi ini juga yang menjadi salah satu faktor penyebab kampung ini kurang berkembang baik dibidang ekonomi, sosial politik, pendidikan maupun di bidang kebudayaan. Keadaan ini diperparah lagi dengan sifat dan karakter penduduknya yang masih sangat primitif. Faktor yang mendorong adanya gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna adalah adanya ketidaksesuaian antara keinginan pemerintah setempat dan masyarakat yang mendiami Kampung Labaluba pada waktu itu. Sedangkan proses gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna bermula ketika pemerintah seolah memaksakan kehendaknya kepada rakyat yang menyebabkan rakyat tidak setuju dengan kebijakan tersebut. Akibat yang ditimbulkan dari adanya gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna terbagi dua yaitu akibat positif dan akibat negatif.Kata Kunci: Gerakan Sosial, Factor dan Dampaknya ABSTRACT: The main issues in this study include the background of the social movement of Labaluba Village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo Sub-District, Muna District, Factors that encourage social movements of Labaluba Kampung Sub-village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo Sub-District, Muna District, the social movement process of Labaluba Village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo Sub-District Muna Regency and due to Labaluba community social movements Kontumere Village Kabawo District Muna Regency? The background of the Labaluba Kampung community social movement is that the condition of the village consists of only a few heads of households per village and the distance of each village makes it difficult for the community to communicate and each village only consists of five to seven households. This village is located east of the island of Muna stretching from the edge of the city of Raha now to the current village of Wakuru. This condition is also one of the factors causing the village to be less developed in the economic, social political, educational and cultural fields. This situation is made worse by the very primitive nature and character of the population. The factor that motivated the existence of the social movement of Labaluba Village in Kontumere Village, Kabawo Subdistrict, Muna Regency was the mismatch between the wishes of the local government and the people who inhabited Labaluba Village at that time. While the process of social movements in Labaluba Village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo District, Muna Regency began when the government seemed to impose its will on the people, causing the people to disagree with the policy. The consequences arising from the existence of social movements in Labaluba Village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo District, Muna Regency are divided into two, namely positive and negative effects. Keywords: Social Movements, Factors and their Impacts

Political Opportunity Structure, Contentious Social Movements, and State-Based Organizations: The Fight against Solidarity inside the Polish United Workers Party

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 359-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack M. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
The State ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Political Opportunity Structure ◽  
Political Opportunity ◽  
Opportunity Structure ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Studies of social movements have often focused on the role of the state vis-à-vis social movements—in recent times using the concept of political opportunity structure to understand the options available to social movements. This article examines the internal conflicts within the ruling party in Communist Poland to show that a reciprocal process proceeded, in which both the social movement and the state found the choices of action available to them limited by the other, rather than just the social movement. The social upheaval that impacted the entire country brought about the rise of a reform movement within the ruling Polish United Workers Party, which prevented the government from acting as it preferred for a significant period of time. That reform movement, which would not have existed without Solidarity and certainly would not have brought about intraparty changes by itself, saw itself as connected to and dependent upon Solidarity. Party conservatives had to respond to and overcome the reformers before they could turn their full attention to ending the challenge Solidarity presented to the Communist system. In effect, for a time, Solidarity limited the political opportunity structure of the state, while the reverse was also true. While social movement scholars have long considered the possibilities and the limits on possibilities available to social movements because of the state or other external circumstances, this experience demonstrates that similar considerations must sometimes be contemplated with respect to the state.

scholarly journals Marketing Tools for Improving Enterprise Performance in the Context of Social and Economic Security of the State: Innovative Approaches to Assessment

2019 ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kwilinski ◽  
K. Pajak ◽  
O. Halachenko ◽  
S. Vasylchak ◽  
Y. Pushak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
State Level ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Innovative Approaches

The paper summarizes the arguments for a scientific discussion on solving the problem of improving the efficiency of the enterprise in the context of social and economic security of the state. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the enterprise and on its basis to identify innovative measures and methods, effective marketing tools to improve it. The systematization of literary sources and scientific approaches showed that, based on a comprehensive assessment of the activity of the enterprise, there remained several unsolved problems regarding the improvement of the social and economic security of the state. The urgency of solving this scientific problem lies in ensuring social and economic security that is an extremely important problem in the current conditions of the country’s development. Methodical tools of the study are such methods as a logical generalization, systematic, comparison, mathematical calculations, graphical, method of expert assessments. The study period is 2014-2018. The object of the study is the sanatorium and resort enterprise since the social and economic security of the state on the micro-level is formed based on the activity of such enterprises. The research of the identified problem in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence. The significance of the activity of enterprises as an integral part in shaping the country's economy in market conditions is outlined. The important role of domestic enterprises in ensuring the employment of the country's population, the formation of social relations and support of social stability, the social and economic security of the state at the micro-level is noted. The problems of provision of enterprises economic development as a component of socioeconomic security of the state in need of research are highlighted. The list of risks, which domestic enterprises are subjected to in daily activity, is described. It is noted that the economic development of enterprises is one of the components of securing social and economic security of the country at the micro-level. In this context, the theoretical basis for the formation of economic security of enterprises is investigated based on the evaluation of the efficiency of the activity on the example of sanatorium and resort institutions. An evaluation of the efficiency of activity of sanatorium-resort enterprises from the standpoint of the economic entity efficiency based on the calculation of integral index and directly by consumers with the help of an expert method is conducted. Based on the estimation of the integral coefficient of efficiency of the sanatorium and resort services provision on the example of the past five years, the unevenness of the fluctuations of the main economic indicators of activity, reduction of the coefficient of financial and economic activity efficiency has been proved. Based on surveys of consumers, the average mark of the effectiveness for the provided sanatorium services was set at 3.7 points, which at the five-point scale proves the need for improving the activity of sanatorium and resort facilities under present conditions and developing special events using effective instruments stimulating the development of such enterprises. To significantly improve the efficiency of sanatorium and resort enterprises and the impact on the improvement of social and economic security in the country, a set of actions and marketing tools based on the innovative technologies at the enterprise, regional and state level. The results of the conducted research can be used by sanatorium and resort establishments in practical activity and public authorities, local self-government bodies at the level of regions and territorial communities in developing projects of development of territories and taking measures to ensure social and economic security in the country. Keywords: economic security, efficiency, measures, innovative approaches, marketing tools, assessment, sanatorium and resort establishments, social and economic security.

scholarly journals The Study of the Consequences of Armed Groups: Lessons from the Social Movement Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Bosi ◽  
Marco Giugni
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross Fertilization

Despite the development of the political violence and terrorism literature, which has moved strongly forward in the past decade, scientific works on the consequences of armed groups are still rare. This article encourages cross-fertilization between the sparse studies of the consequences of political violence and the growing body of research on how social movements matter. First, we show the variety of potential outcomes of armed groups' violent repertoires. We then review works on the consequences of social movements and highlight lessons for the study of armed groups. Specifically, we urge scholars to look for the interplay of internal and external factors in studying the impact of armed groups. We call for a comparative focus that dwells less on conditions and more on the processes and mechanisms affecting the impact of political violence. At the same time, we acknowledge that the literature on political violence and terrorism can inform social movement scholarship. In particular, students of social movements should pay more attention to the potential economic consequences of protest activities, the international factors constraining their impact, and the life-course patterns of movements' targets.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMASI SOSIAL PADA UPACARA RAMBU SOLO DIRAPAI DI RANTEPAO TORAJA UTARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Rahleda Rahleda
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Local Elite ◽  
Traditional Leaders ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the shift rambu solo dirapai ceremony in conjunction with the social changes that occurred in the Toraja people. This study covers the forms of commodification is happening in the ceremony, interpendensi and social relations, as well as forms of figuration and habitus as a supporting component of a shift in the ceremony rambu solo dirapai. In this paper illustrates that ritual rambu solo dirapai shifting meanings and social values in society, first carried out in order to customary funeral procession of bodies of the nobility, now used as a means to obtain the existence in society and have also been used as a commodity for the benefit of tourism, so the ceremony rambu solo dirapai who had now become profane sacred nature. At the local elite also changes the structure, which was once the relationship is between traditional leaders and communities are now going a new power relationship that is influenced by the government as the new power relations by making ceremony rambu solo dirapai as tourism attraction in Toraja. In the shift between traditional leaders and the government as the new power relations created a balanced power relationship so there is no contradiction in the ceremony rambu solo dirapai as indigenous and as a tourism commodity. Keywords: Ceremony Rambu Solo Dirapai, Social Transformation, Figuration

scholarly journals A Capability Approach to Understanding Sport for Social Inclusion: Agency, Structure and Organisations

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naofumi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Inclusive Society

Despite the global diffusion of the term social inclusion, as well as the use of sport to promote it, questions have been raised regarding the extent to which sport is able to contribute to transforming the exclusive nature of the social structure. The lack of analytical clarity of the concept has not helped to address these questions. This article proposes a conceptual framework based on Amartya Sen’s capability approach, considering social exclusion as the denial of social relations that leads to serious deprivation of important capabilities. A person’s capabilities could potentially be improved through micro-, meso-, and macro-level social processes. At the micro level, sport-based social inclusion programmes could offer such social relations to varying degrees, though sport’s values are only relative to other leisure activities. The scale of impact depends primarily on the meso-level processes, in which the size and quality of each programme can be improved through organisational learning, and secondarily on the macro-level processes whereby the organisational population is institutionalised. It is argued that more research needs to be done on the meso and macro levels, as they are concerned with the ultimate potential of sport to facilitate structural transformation towards more socially inclusive society.

scholarly journals The impact of governmental efforts in the fight against corruption, and citizen’s satisfaction with the government’s performance on the participation of citizens in the social movement (Alherak) in Jordan

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Khawla Alhasan ◽  
Diab Al badayneh
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Youth Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to identify the impact of government efforts in the fight against corruption, citizen’s satisfaction with the government’s performance and the personal, social and economic characteristics of in the citizens involvement in the social movement in Jordan. The study sample consisted of a convenient sample of (821) members of the participants in the social movement in Jordan in (12) governorates. In order to achieve the objectives of the study and for the purpose of data collection, a queioninaire has been developed by Al badayneh (2010) and was used as a research tool. The questionnaire was designed to measure corruption, and is based on international measures such as the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). Results of the study showed that the government efforts in the fight against corruption, citizen’s Satisfaction with the government’s performance and the personal, social and economic characteristics of participants explain 14% of the variation in the participation in the social movement in Jordan and the impact of these variables was statistically significant (F = 9.708, ∞ = .000). Effect of individual regression coefficients of gender, party affiliation, and the causes for the spread of corruption prevalence, and government efforts to combat corruption were statistically significant. A negative relationship between the participants in the social movement governorate (-0.189) where less participation in the social movement in the south and increasingly in the center and north region, party affiliation (-0.243) where participation increases with party affiliation and youth organization, the weakness of the government’s efforts in the fight against corruption (-0.241) and the dissatisfaction of citizens for government services (-0.216). Moreover, there were a positive relationship between participation in the social movement an age (0.110), and education (0.109), the type of party (0.132), and the causes for the spread of corruption (0.134). 

scholarly journals Social Change of Bajo Tribe Society in Karimunjawa: From "Sea Tribe" to "Land Tribe"

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titiek Suliyati
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Known as sea tribe, Bajo tribe is foreigners in Karimunjawa. As a sea tribe, they are nomadic and live on the boat before settling in Karimunjawa. The encouragement to settle in Karimunjawa is due to the fact that the island has a lot of fish and they exploit it to make their living. At the beginning, they live on the boat, but sometimes they move to the land. Later on, they build houses on stilts at coastal areas.The process experienced by Bajo tribe from sea to land tribe is caused by some factors, from the effort to adapt with local people, decreasing number of the captured fish, the government program to make Bajo tribe becomes the land settlers and the change of their livelihood.This research is aimed to study social change occurring to Bajo tribe as a sea tribe that was formerly nomadic into land tribe dwelling in Karimunjawa. Moreover, this research also intended to study the push factors and the impact from the social change toward the life of the settled Bajo society. In line with the problem and the objectives of this research, the qualitative method with the anthropological and sociological approach was used. These two approaches were applied in order to give a better understanding of the social change of Bajo tribe that had already settled in Karimunjawa.The result of the research shows that there is a social change in Bajo society living permanently in Karimunjawa that is, the change of daily behavior in the society, social interaction with other tribes, values held by the society and social institution, structure and social classes. Social change occurring to Bajo society in Karimunjawa brings positive influences. The social changes among others are awareness towards the importance of education, Bajo society has new jobs other than fisherman, the increase of income, living standard, also modernization in fisheries system. The negative impact as a consequence of the social changes is faded culture, changes in life orientation and views of life, and consumerism in the society. 

scholarly journals Social Impact of Industrialization Policies on Fishing Communities in the Outer Islands: Case of Natuna, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hertria Maharani Putri ◽  
Wilmar Salim ◽  
Delik Hudalah
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Natuna Island is one of the outer islands in Indonesia with under-development conditions due to its remote location. The government initiated to build fisheries industrialization and turning them into a growth center. So far, it is considered to only have affected their economic life. In fact, it also impacted the social life of their local community. However, differences in the characteristics of the people on small islands which are different from those on the main islands, may result in the destruction of endogenous social relations of the community by the industrialization process. This paper identifies the impact of exogenous development in the form of fisheries industrialization on the social life of the fisherman using the Social Impact Analysis (SIA) method. Sources of data were obtained from FGD with stakeholders, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, content analysis of related documents, as well as observations. From the study results, it is evident that there have been several negative impacts on fishing community due to fisheries industrialization. This impact results in the loss of social strength in the form of access to marine production bases. Local fishermen are driven out of their own sea areas, in the sense that their fishing grounds are used by other fishermen so that they have to change fishing locations. Second, there is no development of political power in the form of individual access to making decisions, voicing aspirations, and acting as a group because the established institution is only used as a formality to get assistance. Finally, fishermen's self-confidence has decreased because they continue to feel unsupported. The increasing number of new players in the sea area often adds to the fishermen's sense of inferiority. These changes seem to discourage the local community from supporting the implementation of the government development programs.

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