scholarly journals Electronic Immunization Registry in Improving Vaccine Supply Chain Availability in Tanga City Council, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-236
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Yohana ◽  
Shiferaw Mitiku ◽  
P. Claver Kayumba ◽  
Omary Swalehe
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
City Council ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunization Registry ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundDespite the advantages of the electronic registry which has been explained in other areas of health and other parts of the world, there has been no empirical research conducted with the aim of assessing the impact of the electronic immunization registry practices on the availability of immunization commodities.ObjectivesTo assess the effect of electronic immunization registry practices on the availability of immunization commodities.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out to health facilities providing vaccination services in Tanga City Council. A total of 27 health care workers in 27 health facilities were interviewed for availability of vaccines and their experience in using electronic immunization system in supply chain system functioning using structured questionnaires. The data from the vaccines manual ledger and electronic TImR system were also collected administered in April-June, 2019 specifically for Bacillus-Calmette Guerin (BCG), Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus-Hepatis B-Haemophilus influenza type b (DPT-HepB-Hib), bi-oral polio vaccine (bOPV), Measles-Rubella and Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine (HPV). These data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS using one sample T test and 95% confidence interval.ResultsThe study affirmed that the mean numbers of children registered at the health facilities using electronic immunization registry was 1.5-3 times higher than the target population for the three months preceding the study given by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The number of doses for the studied vaccines (DPT-HepB-Hib, measles rubella, HPV, BCG and bOPV) were found to be different in the manual and electronic TImR systems. Also, the number of doses available at the health facilities increased significantly with the number of the electronic system registered children.ConclusionThis study found that the adoption of Electronic immunization registry has improved the health supply chain in terms of improving the vaccines availability. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2021;4(2): 223-236

scholarly journals Dynamic Adjustment Mechanism and Differential Game Model Construction of Mask Emergency Supply Chain Cooperation Based on COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1115
Author(s):  
Shufan Zhu ◽  
Kefan Xie ◽  
Ping Gui
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Differential Game ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Transfer Payment ◽  
Dynamic Adjustment ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Government Subsidies ◽  
Technology Investment ◽  
The Impact

Incorporating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mask supply chain into our framework and taking mask output as a state variable, our study introduces the differential game to study the long-term dynamic cooperation of a two-echelon supply chain composed of the supplier and the manufacturer under government subsidies. The study elaborates that government subsidies can provide more effective incentives for supply chain members to cooperate in the production of masks compared with the situation of no government subsidies. A relatively low wholesale price can effectively increase the profits of supply chain members and the supply chain system. The joint contract of two-way cost-sharing contract and transfer payment contract can promote production technology investment efforts of the supply chain members, the optimum trajectory of mask production, and total profit to reach the best state as the centralized decision scenario within a certain range. Meanwhile, it is determined that the profits of supply chain members in the joint contract can be Pareto improvement compared with decentralized decision scenario. With the increase of production technology investment cost coefficients and output self-decay rate, mask outputs have shown a downward trend in the joint contract decision model. On the contrary, mask outputs would rise with growing sensitivity of mask output to production technology investment effort and increasing sensitivity of mask demand to mask output.

scholarly journals Simulation of marine vehicles operation in the state of wind and wave conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
А.А. Карпенко
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Chain System ◽  
Marine Vehicles ◽  
Marine Transport ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Эксплуатация морского транспорта подвержена влиянию множества факторов, учет которого требует высокой трудоемкости. Как правило, моделирование морских транспортных систем, выступающих в роли связующего звена различных экономических процессов, производится на стадии предпроектной разработки. На этой стадии, помимо прочего, необходимо оценить влияние на проектируемую систему не только детерминированных, но и стохастических процессов. В данной работе описан алгоритм учета влияния ветро-волновых режимов морских участков на эксплуатацию морских транспортных судов. Данный алгоритм реализован на примере модели системы поставок сжиженного природного газа (СПГ) морским транспортом потребителям г. Мурманск. Научной новизной данной работы является комплексный подход к логико-математическому описанию эксплуатации морских транспортных средств. Этот подход включает в себя моделирование эксплуатации судна на базе агентного подхода, моделирование ветро-волновых режимов на основе анализа временных рядов и стохастических экспериментов и определение скорости движения судна на основе эмпирико-статистических формул расчета скорости судна и теории гидродинамики судна. В ходе выполнения данной работы была построена имитационная модель поставок СПГ в г. Мурманск морским транспортом. Результаты прогонов этой модели были верифицированы на основе технико-экономического обоснования АО «ЦНИИМФ». Алгоритм построения имитационной модели, описанный в данной работе, может быть применен для имитационного моделирования морских транспортных систем с различными целями функционирования. Marine transport operation is affected by a lot of factors taking into account of which requires a high laboriousness. In most cases modelling of marine transport operation as a link in various economic processes is performed at the pre-design development stage. By the way, evaluation of the impact of both deterministic and stochastic processes on the designed system is necessary at this stage. Evaluation of transport system efficiency based on pre-formed system of criteria is in progress at this stage. This paper describes an algorithm for modeling the operation of marine vessels taking into account wind-wave regime of sea areas. This algorithm is implemented by the model of liquified natural gas (LNG) supply chain system by marine transport to consumers of the city of Murmansk. Scientific novelty of this paper is a complex approach to logical-mathematical description of marine vehicles exploitation. This approach consists of agent-based simulation of vessel exploitation, modelling of wind-wave regimes by means of time series analysis and stochastic modelling and the speed determination of the vessel movement based on the empirical-statistical formulas for calculating the speed of the vessel and the theory of vessel hydrodynamics. During this research simulation model LNG supply chain system by marine transport to consumers of the city of Murmansk was developed. The results of the model have been verified by the feasibility study performed by CNIIMF JSC. The algorithm for constructing simulation model described in this paper could be implemented in modelling of marine transport system for various purposes.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC ON SUPPLY CHAIN OF HIV TEST KITS ONDO STATE, SOUTHWEST NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 34-78
Author(s):  
Michael Olabode Tomori ◽  
Funmilayo Adenike Fadiji
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Least Square ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Ondo State

COVID-19 pandemic has required swift revamping of health systems and public health measures at a scale never observed. The pandemic emergence has a direct effect on the health system, negatively affecting its capacity as depletion of resources are now channelled to curb the emergency of the communicable disease, especially among individuals living with HIV disease which drew our attention to how individuals suffering from HIV and people who needed to know their HIV status has not been able to visit the health facilities due to the effect of coronavirus pandemic on the supply of the test kits used in the health facilities. This study evaluated the effect of the coronavirus pandemic on the supply chain of HIV test kits in Ondo State, Nigeria. The primary objective was to determine the effect of the coronavirus pandemic on the supply of HIV test kits in Ondo State. The research was a sequential cross-sectional design using a quantitative method of analysis with a total sample size of 100 respondents with all samples drawn from 30 supported health facilities in the state. In addition, literature review was also used to know the effect of the coronavirus on reach of 95% of UNAIDS 2030 target. The study used both descriptive and inferential methods of data analysis where the descriptive statistics comprise of frequency distribution, percentage distribution, weighted mean score, and standard deviation while the inferential method of data analysis used ordinal least square (simple linear regression) to determine the effect of coronavirus pandemic on the supply chain test kits. Findings from the result concluded that pandemic and the methods of supply chain management indicated a significant effect. In addition, from the review the major impacts of COVID-19 were innovation, increased technology, research and development, depletion of supply chain personnel. Therefore, there is a need to develop national guidelines on supply chain strategy for emergencies in Nigeria as well as adhere strictly to some recommendations made in the study.

Building resilience in retail supply chains: Lessons learned from COVID-19 and future pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atif Saleem Butt
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study explores the countermeasures taken by retailers to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on supply chain disruptions.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses a multiple case study approach and undertakes 36 semi-structured interviews with senior management of the four largest retailers of the United Arab Emirates. The respondents were designated at different positions such as Vice President, Director and Project Manager.FindingsResults reveal that retailers are employing six countermeasures to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on supply chains. Particularly, retailers are securing required demand, preserving cash flows, redirecting inventory, adding capacity to their distribution centres, becoming more flexible with their direct or third-party logistics provider and finally widening delivery options for their suppliers to mitigate the impact of COVID-19.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has some limitations. First, the results of this study cannot be generalized to a broader population as it attempts to build an initial theory. Second, this study uses a cross-sectional approach to explore the countermeasures employed by retailing firms to mitigate the effects of COVID-19.Originality/valueA notable weakness in a supply chain disruption literature is an unfulfilled need for research examining the strategies employed by retailers to respond to/address the challenges posed by COVID-19. Our study fills this gap.

scholarly journals Decision Analysis of Advertising and Price for Bilateral Competing Supply Chain

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Cheng-Tang Zhang ◽  
Shan-Lin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Decision Model ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Decision Models ◽  
Competition Intensity ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Investment Level ◽  
First Mover Advantage ◽  
The Impact

The outcome of centralized equilibrium, prisoner's dilemma equilibrium, and decentralized equilibrium under different decision models has been provided with regards to bilateral competing supply chain system, either side of which is composed of one manufacturer and one retailer. Theoretical analysis indicates a positive correlation between price and one's own advertising investment level and a negative correlation between price and the opponent's advertising investment level. Through analysis of numerical examples, the results reveal a first mover advantage that leads to prisoner's dilemma in the system as well as the impact that price and advertising competition intensity has on the supply chain's choice of decision model.

scholarly journals Study of the Bullwhip Effect in a Multistage Supply Chain with Callback Structure considering Two Retailers

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhai Ma ◽  
Liqing Zhu ◽  
Ye Yuan ◽  
Shunqi Hou
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Bullwhip Effect ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Demand Processes

With the purpose of researching the bullwhip effect when there is a callback center in the supply chain system, this paper establishes a new supply chain model with callback structure, which has a material supplier, a manufacture, and two retailers. The manufacture and retailers all employ AR(1) demand processes and use order-up-to inventory policy when they make order decisions. Moving average forecasting method is used to measure the bullwhip effect of each retailer and manufacture. We investigate the impact of lead-times of retailers and manufacture, forecasting precision, callback index, and marketing share on the bullwhip effect of both retailers and manufacture. Then we use the method of numerical simulation to indicate the different parameters in this supply chain. Furthermore, this paper puts forward some suggestions to help the enterprises to control the bullwhip effect in the supply chain with callback structure.

scholarly journals Analysis Of Anxiety Levels Of Pregnant Women During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1512-1518
Author(s):  
Gusriani Sabrin ◽  
Yuni Retnowati ◽  
Nur Indah Noviyanti ◽  
Wahida Sunardi ◽  
Darmiati Sutrang
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Normal Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
New Type ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Severe Anxiety ◽  
Low Rate

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a new type of disease caused by the Sars-CoV-2 virus. The unpredictability of the Covid-19 pandemic makes people prone to severe anxiety. Anxiety is a normal reaction to uncertainty and things that may harm. Research has shown that pregnant women are especially prone to anxiety with the prevalence of gestational anxiety. The impact of the COVID–19 pandemic on pregnancy-related anxiety has yet to be systematically studied. This research aims to assess the level of anxiety of pregnant women during the Covid-19 pandemic and to analyze the causes. This type of research is descriptive-analytic with the cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted in March-April 2020 with a total of 154 pregnant women respondents from various regions in Indonesia. The results showed that the majority of respondents were not anxious, namely 89 respondents (57.8%), respondents with mild anxiety were 58 respondents (37.7%), moderate anxiety was 5 respondents (3.2%) and severe anxiety was 2 respondents (1.3%). The low rate of anxiety in pregnant women during the Covid-19 pandemic was due to the availability of information about the causes, modes of transmission, and massive prevention of Covid-19 through various media as well as guaranteed services and availability of health facilities.    

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retailer performance: empirical evidence from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Amgad S.D. Khaled ◽  
Nabil Mohamed Alabsy ◽  
Eissa A. Al-Homaidi ◽  
Abdulmalek M.M. Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brand Protection ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Reality

The study aims to synthesize the challenges that retailers are facing during the COVID-19 emergency. The research is definitive, informative, and based on a single design of cross-sectional research. Quantitative data based on the research instrument were produced (a questionnaire). Five hundred responses were collected from employees of major retail stores in India. Retailer performance is considered a dependent variable, whereas employee well-being, customer and brand protection, use of technology, government policies, and supply chain are used as independent variables. The current study results indicated that employee well-being and government policies have a significant positive impact on retailer performance, while customer and brand protection, use of technology, and supply chain have a significant positive impact on retailers’ performance. This study will help retailers develop strategies for their employees to protect them and understand that technology is needed in the new normal times. This study highlights the need to be flexible in executing strategic strategies, but retailers need to develop comprehensive action plans, including selecting managers of initiative and defining goals and deadlines. Provided that retailers’ current reality is different from the old normal, no time is lost in taking audacious action.

The Unintended Consequences of Sarbanes-Oxley on Technology Innovation and Supply Chain Integration

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicky Arnold ◽  
Tanya S. Benford ◽  
Joseph Canada ◽  
John R. Kuhn ◽  
Steve G. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Structural Inertia ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
The Impact

This paper reports the results of a series of case studies conducted to explore the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This issue is critical as the SEC and the PCAOB continue to defend the requirement that SMEs adhere to the internal control reporting requirements of Section 404 in the Act, albeit at a revised level of expectation focusing on more of a top-down risk-based approach. Cross-sectional case study data is used to explore the impacts of SOX on SMEs adopting organizational theories as a lens for observing behavior and outcomes. The results of the study confirm that there are both benefits and costs associated with SOX compliance. All of the organizations studied experienced substantial improvements in enterprise risk management approaches. However, the level of difficulty experienced by the various organizations in implementing SOX requirements was highly variable and could be traced back to the underlying factors in structural inertia theory: size, complexity, experience with change, experience with strict controls, and adaptability. Perhaps the most important finding is that SOX does impact organizational flexibility to various degrees as predicted by theory; and this impact can in turn affect production cycle times, information technology investment, supply chain performance, and ultimately, market competitiveness.

scholarly journals Impact of social sustainability orientation and supply chain practices on operational performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 2344-2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Croom ◽  
Natalia Vidal ◽  
Wellington Spetic ◽  
Donna Marshall ◽  
Lucy McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Temporal Orientation ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Socially sustainable supply chain (SSSC) practices address pressing social issues and may provide operational benefits as well as positive impacts on society. However, due to gaps in the current knowledge, it is difficult to know what practices will provide benefits and what management orientations can maximize the impact of these practices on operational performance. The purpose of this paper is to advance the knowledge on the effect of social sustainability orientation on operational performance by examining the mediating roles of basic and advanced SSSC practices and the moderating role of long-term orientation (LTO). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a survey of US-based companies about their relationships with key suppliers. Confirmatory factor analysis and multiple regression were used to test the proposed moderated mediation model. Findings Surprisingly, sustainability orientation predicts operational performance through advanced but not basic SSSC practices. Results also indicate that the effect of sustainability orientation on operational performance is significantly moderated by LTO. Research limitations/implications Results are limited by the US context, the cross-sectional nature of the research, the use of a single-respondent survey instrument and the challenges of measuring LTO. Practical implications Managers and policymakers should be aware of the limitations of adopting basic SSSC practices on the performance of their operations. Advanced practices provide a more robust business case and significantly and positively impact operational performance. In addition, the interaction of a sustainability orientation and LTO can lead to even greater improvements in firms’ operational performance. Firms with the highest levels of social sustainability and LTOs attain superior operational performance. Originality/value This study contributes to the growing literature on sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) and extends this literature by focusing on social sustainability practices, identifying specific practices that impact and the orientations that maximize operational performance. The authors contribute to the growing literature on the importance of manager’s temporal orientation and provide nuance to emerging SSCM theory by exposing the interplay of these orientations and the impact of SSSC practice adoption.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document