Effect of aqueous extract of Gangronema latifolium (G. latifolium) (Utazi) on n-acetyl-para-aminophenol (acetaminophen) - induced hepatic injury on Wistar albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Godwin Delight Chigamezu ◽  
Wilfred Obaalologhi ◽  
Okure Victoria

The present study investigated the effect of leaf extract of Gangronema latifolium (G. latifolium) on acetaminophen (APAP) - induced liver injury in Wistar albino rats. In this study, sixty (60) male Wistar albino rats were divided into five (5) groups of twelve (12) rats each. Animals in group 1 served as control group and received a placebo of 0.9% saline solution. Group 2 served as APAP control group, administered with 800 mg/kg body weight of APAP only. Groups 3, 4 and 5 served as the experimental groups and received oral dosage of 800 mg/kg body weight of APAP plus 150 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg body weight of G. latifolium respectively. The results showed that the enzymatic activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in the serum were decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in the experimental groups dosed with 150 mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of G. latifolium respectively. For 150 mg/kg G. latifolium treated group, ALT decreased from 23.3 ± 7.31 to 9.00 ± 1.52 IU/L, while AST and ALP decreased from 17.6 ± 2.66 to 15.00 ± 1.00 IU/L and 92.8 ± 2.34 to 83.8 ± 7.94 IU/L respectively. In conclusion, the results showed that aqueous extract of G. latifolium has a protective effect on rat liver induced with APAP injury.

Author(s):  
Olatunde A. Oseni ◽  
Ademola S. K. Idowu ◽  
Aminat Isah

Doxorubicin is an anthracycline drug which is believed to cause immediate damage to myocardial cells by free radical generation in the cause of treatment of cancer. This study was however aimed to investigate the effects of the aqueous extract of the seedlings of Vigna unguiculata on heart, kidney as well as lipid profile disorders caused by this drug on female Wistar albino rats. Fifteen female Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 animals served as normal positive control; Group 2 animals served as negative control which were treated with 0.5mL of (20mg/kg body weight doxorubicin) while Group 3 animals were treated with 0.5mL each of 20mg/kg body weight doxorubicin and 10% aqueous extract of seedlings of Vigna unguiculata. Some enzyme markers and lipid contents were determined. The results of the study showed an increase in the activities of plasma ALP and AST after treatment with the drug except in the heart for AST which showed a significant reduction, while treatment with the extract brought about a decrease in the plasma and the organs except for kidney AST. The ALT on the other hand showed slight increase in the plasma with a decrease in the kidney and heart after treatment with the drug as the treatment with the extract tend to restore it to the control in both cases, there was increased plasma and kidney but reduced heart HDL-C after treatment with the drug which was observed to be restored to control after treatment with extract in both situations. The triglyceride and total cholesterol did not show similar trend in the plasma and the studied organs. The LDL-C was also observed to be increased in both plasma and organs after the treatment with the drug which later reduced significantly towards the control after the administration of the sprout extract. The present study has shown that the doxorubicin has damaging effects on both kidney and heart tissues while the sprouts extract produce a restoration to the normal in both organs.


Author(s):  
Medhat Mostafa Abozid ◽  
Hoda Ea Farid

 Objective: The current study was designed to estimate the potential protective role of the aqueous extract of rosemary (AER) (Rosmarinus officinalis) against trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-created hepatotoxicity in male albino rats.Methods: Forty male albino rats were separated into four groups of ten: Group I served as control; Group II was given AER (200 mg/kg/day) by gavage; Group III received TCA at the dose 50 mg/kg/day, and Group V was treated with AER (200 mg/kg/day) and received TCA (50 mg/kg/day). The experiment was carried out for 2 months.Results: The toxicity of TCA for rats was revealed by an elevation in liver marker enzymes activities (gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], aspartate transaminase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) and conjugated bilirubin (CB) level, and a decrease in albumin and total protein (TP) levels. The TCA administration also caused a significant increase in the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and also malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver tissues. These biochemical effects were accompanied by histological indicators of liver damage. Treatment with ARE recovered the liver damage instigated by TCA, as showed by perfection of liver enzyme markers (GGT, ALT, AST, ALP), CB, TP and albumin; as well as antioxidant parameters (CAT, SOD, GPx) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) and amelioration of histopathology changes in the liver tissues.Conclusion: It could be concluded that AER supplementation for 2 months in TCA-induced toxicity in rats benefited hepatic antioxidant status and improved liver injury and damage in male albino rats exposed to TCA.


2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 591-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Yakubu ◽  
BB Bukoye ◽  
AT Oladiji ◽  
MA Akanji

Aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris L. leaves at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight was investigated for toxic effects in pregnant rabbits. Apparently healthy, female rabbits (Dutch) weighing between 1.62 and 1.70 kg as previously used in our abortifacient study were paired overnight with male rabbits in ratio 2:1 and those that became pregnant were completely randomized into three groups (A-C). Group A (the control), received orally 1.85 mL/kg body weight (3 mL) of distilled water thrice daily on days 1-9 of pregnancy while groups B and C were treated orally with the same volume corresponding to 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of the extract. Clinical signs of toxicity were not observed in all the animals during the study. The extract did not significantly alter (p > .05) the serum follicle stimulating hormone and total protein content of the pregnant rabbits throughout the exposure period whereas, the concentrations of luteinizing hormone, progesterone, albumin, globulin, urea and calcium decreased in the serum of the rabbits. At 250 mg/kg body weight, the extract increased kidney alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity whereas at 500 mg/kg body weight of the extract, the ALP level was similar to the control group. Liver ALP at all doses, as well as the activity of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) at 500 mg/kg body weight was reduced. This reduction was accompanied by an increase in serum ALP and GGT at these doses. At 250 mg/kg, the extract increased kidney GGT. Conversely, at 500 mg/ kg, kidney GGT activity decreased. Liver and serum GGT were not altered by the 250 mg/kg. The extract also increased the serum levels of creatinine, uric acid, sodium, potassium and bicarbonate ions as well as total and conjugated bilirubin. In the hepatocytes of extract-treated animals, there was no evidence of necrosis, inflammation, fibrosis and degenerative changes in the central vein and radiating hepatic cords, while the glomerulus and the tubules of the nephrons also remained intact. The alterations in biochemical parameters by the aqueous extract of B. vulgaris leaves suggests adverse effect on the synthetic, secretory, reabsorptive and excretory functions of liver and kidney of the animals. Therefore, the absence of histopathological lesions in the hepatocytes and nephrons implies that histopathological changes are not a sensitive assay for the assessment of tissue damage by the extract.


Author(s):  
A.Timucin ATAYOGLU ◽  
Sibel SILICI

Background: Infection can lead to delayed wound healing. Recently it has been shown that propolis which is used in complementary medicine has an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this study is to determine whether propolis may contribute to wound healing. Material and Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group1 and Group 2 were topically treated with propolis ointment and Thiocillin® oinment, respectively while Group 3 was the control group. On incision wound model, Thiocillin® and propolis ointments were applied on wound sites once daily for 30 days and the mean epidermal thickness (MET) at the 30th day was compared while antimicrobial activity of propolis was studied against different pathogens as well. Results: Propolis exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. It is observed that the MET in the groups of Propolis ointment and Thiocillin® ointment were significantly greater than that of the control group, while the MET in the group of propolis ointment was significantly greater than that of Thiocillin® ointment treated group. Conclusion: Propolis is effective in wound healing. Further study in-depth is necessary to probe into clinical correlation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ali ◽  
M. Ejaz ◽  
K. K. Dar ◽  
S. Nasreen ◽  
N. Ashraf ◽  
...  

Abstract The main objective of current study was to investigate the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity of Artemisia vulgaris extract on diethylnitrosoamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Balb C mice. Diethylnitrosoamine (DEN: 0.9%) was prepared to induce hepatocarcinoma in Balb C mice. The extract Artemisia vulgaris (AV) was prepared by maceration technique. Mice were classified into four groups as follows: Group 1 a control group (N=7) received saline solution (3.5 μl/mg), group 2 (N=14) received diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) intraperitoneally once in a week for eight consecutive weeks, group 3 (N=7) received only plant extract (AV: 150 mg/kg (Body weight) once in a week, while group 4 (N=7) was given in combination of diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) and plant extract (AV: 150 mg/kg (body weight). After eight weeks of DEN administration, mice of group 2 were divided into two subgroups containing seven mice each; subgroup 1 was sacrificed while subgroup 2 was treated with plant extract only (150 mg/kg (body weight)) once in a week for eight consecutive weeks. The DEN injected mice significant decline in levels of albumin with concomitant significant elevations such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alpha feto protein, gamma glutamyl transferase, 5 nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and bilirubin. The administration of A. vulgaris significantly decreased the DEN induced hepatotoxicity. Present study revealed the potential anti-cancerous nature of Artemisia vulgaris, both in case of chemopreventive and post-treatment of A. vulgaris. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism of prevention and therapy.


2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
Afroza Khanam Sumy ◽  
Nasim Jahan ◽  
Nayma Sultana ◽  
Abdul Mannan Sikder

Backgroud: Liver is an important metabolic organ. It has wide range of functions including detoxification, storage of glycogen, vitamins A, D and B12, production of several coagulation factors, growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), angiotensinogen, and biochemicals necessary for digestion (bile). Its damage occurs due to its multidimensional functions, various xenobiotics and oxidative stress leading to distortion of all of its functions. Oyster mushroom which is excellently edible and nutritious has got free radical scavenging activity, and so may be considered as a hepatoprotective agent. Objective: To observe the hepatoprotective effect of Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) against paracetamol induced liver damage in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka from 1st July 2009 to 30th June 2010. Thirty four Wistar albino rats, aged 90 to 120 days, weighing between 150 to 210 grams were used for the study. After acclimatization for 14 days, they were divided into two groups –– control group (Group A) and experimental group (Group B, mushroom-pretreated and paracetamol-treated group). Control group was again subdivided into Group A1 (baseline control group) and Group A2 (paracetamol-treated control group). Animals of all groups received basal diet for 30 consecutive days. In addition, Group A1 rats received propylene glycol (2 mL/kg body weight orally) only on 30th day, Group A2 rats received single dose of paracetamol suspension (750 mg/kg body weight orally) only on 30th day and Group B rats received mushroom extract (200 mg/kg body weight orally) for 30 consecutive days and paracetamol suspension (750 mg/kg body weight orally) only on 30th day. All the animals were sacrificed on 31st day. Then liver specimens were collected. Histology of liver was done by using standard laboratory procedure. Statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA test by using SPSS version 15.0. Result: In this study, histological examination of liver reveals abnormal histological findings in 100% of rats in paracetamol-treated group (Group A2), almost normal structure in 80% of rats and mild histological changes in 20% rats in mushroom-pretreated and paracetamol-treated group (Group B). Conclusion: The present study reveals the hepatoprotective effect of Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) against paracetamol induced liver damage in Wistar albino rats. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v4i3.20945 J Enam Med Col 2014; 4(3): 161-167


1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Choudhury Shimmi ◽  
Nasim Jahan ◽  
Nayma Sultana

Background: Kidney is an important excretory organ. Its damage can be occurred due to prolonged use and higher doses of drugs, exposure to some chemicals, toxins, or infectious agents. Herbal plants as Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) may have free radical scavenging activity thereby can be used for the prevention and treatment of kidney damage. Objective: To observe the nephroprotective effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Methods: This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka from 1st July 2010 to 30th June 2011. A total number of 35 Wistar albino rats, age ranged from 90 to 120 days, weighing between 150 to 200 grams were included in this study. After acclimatization for 14 days, they were divided into control group (Group A) and experimental group (Group B). Control group was again subdivided into group A1 (baseline control, consisted of 10 rats) and group A2 (gentamicin treated control group, consisted of 10 rats). Again, experimental group (Group B- Ashwagandha pretreated and gentamicin treated group) consisted of 15 rats. All groups of animals received basal diet for 22 consecutive days. In addition to this, group A2 also received gentamicin subcutaneously (100mg /kg body weight/day) for the last eight (15th to 22nd day) consecutive days. Again, group B received ashwagandha root extract (500mg/kg body weight/ day; orally) for 22 consecutive days and gentamicin subcutaneously (100mg/kg body weight /day) for last eight (15th to 22nd day) days. All the animals were sacrificed on 23rd day. Then blood and kidney sample were collected. Estimation of serum urea, creatinine levels were done by using standard Laboratory kits. The statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA and Bonferroni test as applicable. Results: The mean serum urea, creatinine levels were significantly (p<0.001) higher in gentamicin treated control group in comparison to those of baseline control. Again, these levels were significantly (p<0.01) lower in ashwagandha pretreated and gentamicin treated group (experimental group) when compared to those of gentamicin treated group (control). Conclusion: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root may have some nephroprotective effect against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i2.9756 JBSP 2011 6(2): 84-89


Author(s):  
Sabari Anandh J. V. ◽  
Manimekalai Kumarappan ◽  
Padmavathi Shanmuganathan ◽  
Subha Vinayagam ◽  
Iyyankannu . ◽  
...  

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of Manomani chooranam (MMC), an indigenous polyherbal siddha formulation in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic female Wistar albino rats.Methods: Aqueous extract of MMC was prepared. Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups (n=6). Group 1 was kept as normal control, Group 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were induced diabetes. After induction, the group 2 was kept as diabetes control; Group 3 received the standard drug metformin (100 mg/kg), whereas Groups 4, 5 and 6 were treated with the aqueous extract of MMC at 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 1250 mg/kg doses, respectively for the 21 days. Blood sugar was estimated at the end of each week. At the end of the study, rats were sacrificed and the pancreas was analyzed for histopathological changes. Data expressed as mean±standard error of the mean. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test. p<0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: The groups which received aqueous extract of MMC at 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 1250 mg/kg showed a significant decrease in the mean blood sugar level when compared to normal level. The groups which received MMC shows significant reduction in blood sugar level in comparison with standard drug metformin 100 mg/kg.Conclusions: The aqueous extract of MMC was able to decrease the elevated blood sugar levels in dose dependent manner.


2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tutanc ◽  
V Arica ◽  
N Yılmaz ◽  
A Nacar ◽  
I Zararsiz ◽  
...  

Aim: In cyclosporin-A (CsA)-induced toxicity, oxidative stress has been implicated as a potential responsible mechanism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective role of erdosteine against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity in terms of tissue oxidant/antioxidant parameters and light microscopy in rats. Materials and methods: Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four groups. Group 1 rats treated with sodium chloride served as the control, group 2 rats were treated with CsA, group 3 with CsA plus erdosteine, and group 4 with erdosteine alone. Animals were killed and blood samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), total protein (TP), and albumin (ALB) levels. Kidney sections were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, as well as for histopathological changes. Results: In the CsA group, MDA, GSH-Px, BUN, and Cr levels were increased. The TP and ALB levels were decreased. These changes had been improved by erdosteine administration. Other biochemical parameters did not show any significant change. Conclusion: These results indicate that erdosteine produces a protective mechanism against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity and suggest a role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Sharmin Nahar ◽  
Qazi Shamima Akhter

Background: The prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI) is increasing day by day in Bangladesh due to socioeconomic transition. Spices and herbs are important source of remedy for various diseases in human. Curcuma longa suggested to be used as an indigenous medicine for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Objective: To observe the effect of Curcuma longa in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in Wistar albino rats. Methods: This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka during 2015. Twenty one Wistar albino male rats, weighing 100 to 150 g (initial body weight); aged 85 to 100 days were selected for the study. After acclimatization for 14 days, the rats were divided into BC (Baseline control group), ISP-TC (Isoproterenol treated control group) and CLP-ISPT (Curcuma longa pretreated and isoproterenol treated group). Each group consisted of 7 rats. After experiment, on the 10th day, final body weight was taken, rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected from the heart. The heart was removed and weighed. Serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) level was estimated by ELISA method and Troponin I (cTnI) level by AxSYM method. The statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA and Bonferroni test as applicable. Results: In this study, the mean percent (%) change of body weight (p<0.01), mean serum CK-MB (p<0.001) and cTnI (p<0.001) levels were significantly higher but mean heart weight was non significantly higher in ISP-TC in comparison to those of BC. Again, the mean percent (%) change of body weight (p<0.01), mean heart weight (p<0.01), mean serum CK-MB (p<0.01) and cTnI (p<0.001) levels were significantly lower in CLP-ISPT than those of ISP-TC group. Conclusion: From the results, it can be concluded that Curcuma longa may have cardioprotective effect. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2018, December; 13(2): 47-53


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