scholarly journals Evaluation of the antimicrobial and anticancer properties of the fruits of Synsepalum dulcificum (Sapotaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1925-1930
Author(s):  
Sheryar Afzal ◽  
Appala V. Raju ◽  
Chandramathi Samudi Raju ◽  
Genevieve Chong ◽  
Zhen Wuii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
Hct 116

Purpose: To evaluate the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of the fruit of Synsepalum dulcificum (Sapotaceae) against six bacterial strains and on two different colorectal cancer cell lines, respectively.Methods: The dried fruit of the plant was extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus successively with petroleum ether and ethanol, and concentrated in a rotary evaporator to obtain petroleum ether and ethanol extract, respectively. Phytochemical screening was done on the two extracts. The antimicrobial effects of the extracts against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogene, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris were evaluated using agar well diffusiontechnique while the anticancer effect of the ethanol extract was assessed on HCT-116 and primary colon epithelial (PCE) cell lines by MTT assay.Results: The results indicate that the petroleum ether extract of Synsepalum dulcificum fruits exerted stronger antimicrobial activity than the ethanol extract. The ethanol extract also showed significant anticancer activity (p < 0.05). The calculated half-maximal concentration (IC50) of the extract on HCT- 116 cells at 24, 48, and 72 h are 14.99, 8.97, and 8.54 μg/mL, respectively, while the IC50 of the extract on PCE cell lines at 24, 48, and 72 h are 236.25, 206.09, and 196.72 μg/mL, respectively. The extract was more toxic to cancer cells than to normal cells.Conclusion: The results of this study lend some justification for the use of the fruits of Synsepalum dulcificum as an antibacterial and anticancer agent.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and pharmacological assessment of leaf extract of Pedalium murex Linn herb

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 6557-6563
Author(s):  
Gomathi Swaminathan ◽  
Srikanth Jupudi ◽  
Sathish R ◽  
Roshan NS ◽  
Kalirajan Rajagopal
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Pedalium Murex

Herbal plants have been used to avert and to heal numerous ailments for thousands of years. There are reputable sources of active components using their health beneficial effects, and repeatedly, these sources are materials for gourmet food feastings. Specific bioactive components from the herbs have been established for their anti-neoplastic activities. The herbal plant Pedalium murex Linn (Family: Pedaliaceae) universally known to the world as “Large Caltrops”. The plant is rich in flavonoids, phenolics and glycosides. The key target of the contemporary research was to explore the free radical scavenging, in vitro anti-tumour potential of Pedalium murex Linn leaves in non-polar petroleum ether & polar ethanol solvent extracts. Preliminary phytochemical examination of extracts showed that this plant leaf contains alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroids & tannins. This initial investigation proved that Pedalium murex Linn (95% v/v of ethanol extract) leaves (EEPM) were significantly reduced and inhibit the free radicals. IC 50 values were representing, EEPM possessed strong anti-oxidant activity when compared to petroleum ether extract of Pedalium murex Linn. leaves. In vitro anti-neoplastic activity of EEPM was studied on the two different cancer cell lines such as HCT116, HepG2 by MTT assay method. All the four different doses of EEPM (62.5, 125, 250 & 500 µg/ml) produced significant activity against HepG2 cell lines. It shows that phyto lead molecules such as flavonoids & phenolic compounds existing in the EEPM may be accountable for the anti-cancer activities.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and evaluation of Berginia ligulata root extract for antimicrobial activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Rishi Kumar Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Berginia ligulata popularly known as paashaanbhed belongs to family Saxifragaceae. The present study was designed to screen out various phytoconstituents present in the roots of Berginia ligulata and further its antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. For this roots of the plant were shade dried, powdered and extracted using different solvents in increasing order of polarity i.e. petroleum ether, diethyl ether, acetone, ethanol and methanol respectively. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, flavanoids, glycosides and carbohydrates. The presence of these bioactive constituents is associated with the antimicrobial activity of the plant. Antimicrobial activity of extracts was performed by disc diffusion method at a concentration of 100% and 50% (w/v) against five bacterial strains. The maximum antimicrobial activity was found in ethanol extract followed by acetone, methanol, diethyl ether and least in petroleum ether extract respectively. Ethanol extract revealed broad spectrum of inhibition against S. sureus and P. aeruginosa.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF SENNA TORA (L.) ROXB

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Subramanian Manimaran ◽  
Kadirvelmurugan Venkatachalam ◽  
Gandhimaniyan Krishnan ◽  
Ambedkar Govindasamy ◽  
Vijayakumar Sakthivel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Plants have always been an important source of medicines since ancient times and seventy percent of the worldwide population still relies on one or other forms of traditional plant based medicine. Plant items have been essential for phytomedicines since days of yore. These can be derived from any part of the plants like bark, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, seeds, etc. The present exploration has been conducted in the leaf of Senna tora performing various phytochemical tests to identify the secondary metabolites present in it such as alkaloids, flavonoids, sugars, glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, Vitamin C, proteins, amino acids and carbohydrates. The maximum phenolic content was presented in methanol solvents 1.41 ± 0.44 and lowest content was presented in petroleum ether extract 0.17 ± 0.21. Antibacterial activity were estimated and evaluated by using different types of extract against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Bacillus thuriengensis and Staphylococcus. Among these the maximum antibacterial activity (Zone of inhibition 19.0 mm) shown against Klebsiella pneumoniae in the extract of Petroleum ether. The minimum antibacterial activity observed (Zone of inhibition 11.0 mm) against Staphylococcus ceureus in extract of Ethanol extract of Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Keywords: Senna tora (L.), phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity, bacterial strains

scholarly journals Redox Modulation at Work: Natural Phytoprotective Polysulfanes From Alliums Based on Redox-Active Sulfur

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awais Anwar ◽  
Emma Gould ◽  
Ryan Tinson ◽  
Javaid Iqbal ◽  
Chris Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Anticancer Properties

Abstract Purpose of review This article provides a brief overview of natural phytoprotective products of allium with a special focus on the therapeutic potential of diallyl polysulfanes from garlic, their molecular targets and their fate in the living organisms. A comprehensive overview of antimicrobial and anticancer properties of published literature is presented for the reader to understand the effective concentrations of polysulfanes and their sensitivity towards different human pathogenic microbes, fungi, and cancer cell lines. Recent findings The article finds polysulfanes potentials as new generation novel antibiotics and chemo preventive agent. The effective dose rates of polysulfanes for antimicrobial properties are in the range of 0.5–40 mg/L and for anticancer 20–100 μM. The molecular targets for these redox modulators are mainly cellular thiols as well as inhibition and/or activation of certain cellular proteins in cancer cell lines. Summary Antimicrobial and anticancer activities of polysulfanes published in the literature indicate that with further development, they could be promising candidates for cancer prevention due to their selectivity towards abnormal cells.

scholarly journals Production, characterization, and antitumor efficiency of l-glutaminase from halophilic bacteria

2022 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Zakaria Gomaa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Carcinoma Cell Lines ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Hct 116 ◽  
Optimization Of Fermentation

Abstract Background Halophiles are an excellent source of enzymes that are not only salt stable, but also can withstand and carry out reaction efficiently under extreme conditions. l-glutaminase has attracted much attention with respect to proposed applications in several fields such as pharmaceuticals and food industries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anticancer activity of l-glutaminase produced by halophilic bacteria. Various halophilic bacterial strains were screened for extracellular l-glutaminase production. An attempt was made to study the optimization, purification, and characterization of l-glutaminase from Bacillus sp. DV2-37. The antitumor activity of the produced enzyme was also investigated. Results The potentiality of 15 halophilic bacterial strains isolated from the marine environment that produced extracellular l-glutaminase was investigated. Bacillus sp. DV2-37 was selected as the most potent strain and optimized for enzyme production. The optimization of fermentation process revealed that the highest enzyme activity (47.12 U/ml) was observed in a medium supplemented with 1% (w/v) glucose as a carbon source, 1% (w/v) peptone as a nitrogen source, 5% (w/v) NaCl, the initial pH was 7.0, at 37 °C, using 20% (v/v) inoculum size after 96 h of incubation. The produced crude enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. Of the various parameters tested, pH 7, 40 °C, and 5% NaCl were found to be the best for l-glutaminase activity. The enzyme also exhibited high salt and temperature stability. The antitumor effect against human breast (MCF-7), hepatocellular (HepG-2), and colon (HCT-116) carcinoma cell lines revealed that l-glutaminase produced by Bacillus sp. DV2-37 showed potent cytotoxic activity of all the tested cell lines in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 3.5, 3.4, and 3.8 µg/ml, respectively. Conclusions The present study proved that l-glutaminase produced by marine bacteria holds proper features and it has a high potential to be useful for many therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals ANTI-ULCER POTENTIAL CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF CUCUMIS SATIVUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charanjeet Singh ◽  
Bhojraj Gujar ◽  
Yogesh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Dried Fruit

Ulcers are lesions on the surface of the skin or a mucous membrane characterized by a superficial loss of tissue. Helicobacter pylori is uniquely adapted to survival in the hostile environment of stomach. C. sativus is hairy and the root system is extensive and superficial. Leaves are alternate and simple. Flowers are yellow regular and unisexual. The matured fruit is about 30 cm long, roughly cylindrical and often slightly curved. The dried fruit of Cucumis sativus were collected from local area of Alwar, Rajasthan. Dried fruit of C. sativus were cut in to small pieces and dried under the shade. Water and alcoholic soluble extractive value of C. sativus was determined. 4.0 g fruits powder of C. sativus was weighed individually and macerated with distilled water (100 ml) in a glass-stopperd conical flask for 24 hours. Total ash, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash and sulfated ash value of C. sativus was determined. 200 g coarse fruits powdered fruits were defatted with 800 ml petroleum ether (60-800C) using soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical screening of C. sativus extracts were carried out on the basis of qualitative chemical tests and TLC. Evaluation of anti-ulcer activity of C. sativus fruits by Acute toxicity method and ulcer index was calculated, the percentage yield of petroleum ether, chloroform and extract of C. sativus fruits was found to be 6.35 %, 7.26 %  respectively. All these observation imply that the Chloroform extract of fruits of C.sativus could be regarded as a favourable antiulcerogen which could be attributed to its content of flavonoids and mucilage. Keywords: Ulcers, Cucumis sativus, flavonoids, mucilage.

Ethnomedicinal Survey of Antidiabetic Plants and Preliminary Evaluation of Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic Activity Maesa indica Leaves, a Folk Antidiabetic Plant of Manipur, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Chakraborty ◽  
Saikat Sen ◽  
Nongmaithem Randhoni Chanu ◽  
Akoijam Bishaljit Singh ◽  
Crescent Lyngkhoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hypoglycemic Activity ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Nitric Oxide Radical ◽  
Antidiabetic Plants

Background: Manipur is a small state of India, well known for its folk medicine. Folk medicine practitioners of the state use a number of plants to manage diabetes mellitus. Objective: To carry out an ethnomedicinal survey to find folk antidiabetic plants of Thoubal district of Manipur, India. This study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential of chosen medicinal plant. Methods: An ethnomedicinal survey was carried out in Thoubal district, Manipur to find out antidiabetic plants regularly used by tribal/folk medicinal practitioners. Based on the information, Maesa indica leaves extracts (ethanol extract, MIE; ethyl acetate extract, MIEA; petroleum ether extract, MIPE) further investigated for in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. Acute hypoglycemic activity (streptozotocin-induced diabetes model) and NG-OGTT tests were employed to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of Maesa indica leaves. Results: Ethnomedicinal survey revealed that folk medicinal practitioners regularly used 15 antidiabetic plants. Maesa indica is a plant of choice of folk medicinal practitioners. MIE was found to possess strong oxidative haemolysis inhibition, nitric oxide radical and DPPH radical scavenging effect with IC50 value of 54.5, 34.1 and 19.2 μg/mL respectively. MIE inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC50 value 18.2 and 31.2 μg/mL respectively. MIE and MIEA produced considerable hypoglycemic activity when tested through NG-OGTT model. MIE (500 mg/kg, b.w.) asserted significant acute hypoglycemic activity by reducing blood glucose level after 1h, 2h, 3h, 5h, and 12h of drug administration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Conclusion: The present study showed that ethanol extract of Maesa indica leaves possesses better activity compare to ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extract. This study also confirmed the ethnobotanical claim about traditional use of plant and antidiabetic potential of M. indica leaves.

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL SCREENING OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS (L) AND CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (L.) AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (06) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
R Tripathi ◽  
◽  
S Jain ◽  
N. D., Herenz ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibacterial Studies

The aim of the present study was to investigate phytochemical and antibacterial potential of Calendula officinals L. and Catharanthus roseus L. G. Don leaves. The leaves of both plants were screened for physico-chemical analysis. Phytochemical screening was carried out to find phytoconstituents and subsequent antibacterial studies of extracts were carried out against the pathogenic bacterial strains Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi using Kirby bauer method. The extract with maximum antibacterial activity was further processed for TLC studies. The results of the present investigation revealed superiority of C. roseus over C. officinalis in terms of ash value. Both plants showed the presence of alkaloids, saponnins, tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and carbohydrates. The antibacterial studies revealed that the petroleum ether extract of C. officinalis has been active against all strains, whereas the same extract of C. roseus showed activity against S. typhi, S. aureus and B. subtilis. Chloroform extract of C. officinalis was active against only two strains i.e. E. coli and B. subtilis. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of both plants were also found to be active against all strains. Studies of TLC analysis revealed that petroleum ether extract of C. officinalis and methanolic extract of C. roseus showed distinct RF values. Further studies are required to separate characterize and screen these components for therapeutic purposes.

scholarly journals Bauhinia variegataLeaf Extracts Exhibit Considerable Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activities

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amita Mishra ◽  
Amit Kumar Sharma ◽  
Shashank Kumar ◽  
Ajit K. Saxena ◽  
Abhay K. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Polar Extracts ◽  
Mcf 7

The present study reports the phytochemical profiling, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities ofBauhinia variegataleaf extracts. The reducing sugar, anthraquinone, and saponins were observed in polar extracts, while terpenoids and alkaloids were present in nonpolar and ethanol extracts. Total flavonoid contents in various extracts were found in the range of 11–222.67 mg QE/g. In disc diffusion assays, petroleum ether and chloroform fractions exhibited considerable inhibition againstKlebsiella pneumoniae. Several other extracts also showed antibacterial activity against pathogenic strains ofE. coli,Proteusspp. andPseudomonasspp. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of potential extracts were found between 3.5 and 28.40 mg/mL. The lowest MBC (3.5 mg/mL) was recorded for ethanol extract againstPseudomonasspp. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was compared with standard antioxidants. Dose dependent response was observed in reducing power of extracts. Polar extracts demonstrated appreciable metal ion chelating activity at lower concentrations (10–40 μg/mL). Many extracts showed significant antioxidant response in beta carotene bleaching assay. AQ fraction ofB. variegatashowed pronounced cytotoxic effect against DU-145, HOP-62, IGR-OV-1, MCF-7, and THP-1 human cancer cell lines with 90–99% cell growth inhibitory activity. Ethyl acetate fraction also produced considerable cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and THP-1 cell lines. The study demonstrates notable antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities inB. variegataleaf extracts.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, antioxidant and antisalmonella activity of Mangifera indica L. flower and seed kernel extracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Vilas A. Kamble ◽  
Dipali O. Somkuwar ◽  
Sushilkumar J. Wankhade
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Flower Extract

The extracts obtained from flower and seed parts of Mangifera indica L. were investigated for antioxidant and antisalmonella activities. Disc diffusion assay and broth macrodilution method were used to determine the antisalmonella activity. However, DPPH assay used to determine antioxidant activities of petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone and ethanol extracts of flower and seed kernel of Mangifera indica L. The mineral content of different parts of Mangifera indica L. was determined using ICP-OES method. Seed kernel and flower were found to be the rich source of Fe with the concentration of 660.50 and 221.75 µg per gram of dry weight. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging method. The petroleum ether extract of flower and ethanol extract of flower exhibited the most significant antisalmonella activity with the lowest MIC value of 8 mg/ml. The highest antioxidant activity was recorded in petroleum ether seed kernel and chloroform flower extract with the percentage inhibition of 86.64 ± 2.49 and 79.80 ± 1.28, respectively. Among all the tested combinations chloroform flower and ethanol seed kernel extracts showed greater synergistic effect along with tetracycline against Salmonella typhi isolates. Four different compounds with dual property of antioxidant and antisalmonella were isolated from the petroleum ether seed kernel and acetone flower extracts using thin layer chromatography. GC-MS analysis of acetonic flower extract showed the presence of 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, isodecyl octyl ester (Synonym: Phthalic acid). Compounds Oleic acid and eicosyl ester were found in petroleum ether seed kernel extract. The present study revealed that identified compounds are responsible for exhibiting antioxidant and antisalmonella activities in flower and seed kernel. These findings may justify the conventional use of Mangifera indica L. in the treatment of typhoid fever.Kamble et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, September 2016, 5(10): 82-93http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue10/02.pdf

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