A Canadian Comparative Study of Modified Versions of the “FDA” and “USDA” Methods for the Detection of Listeria monocytogenes

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONALD W. WARBURTON ◽  
JEFFREY M. FARBER ◽  
ANDREW ARMSTRONG ◽  
RICARDO CALDEIRA ◽  
NARAYAN P. TIWARI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Better Than

Eleven laboratories across Canada took part in a comparative study of modified versions of the “FDA” and “USDA” methods for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in foods and environmental samples. Both were modified by the inclusion of additional plating media and the use of modified Fraser broth in the modified “FDA” method. Approximately 92% of the positive samples were detected after 24 h of enrichment. Testing of routine samples by the participating laboratories showed no significant difference (p<0.05) in ability to isolate L. monocytogenes by either the modified “FDA” or “USDA” methods. However, the modified “FDA” method isolated significantly more positives (16.8%) from the spiked foods/controls than the modified “USDA” method (p<0.05). For all samples tested by both methods in the same laboratory, again the modified “FDA” method significantly out performed the “USDA” version by approximately 6% (p<0.05). However, the spiked foods/controls tested by both methods in the same laboratory showed no difference (p<0.05) in their ability to isolate L. monocytogenes. Overall, the modified “FDA” and “USDA” methods were comparable (within 1.0%) in their ability to isolate this microorganism. The “USDA” preenrichment broth maintained its initial pHbetter. Modified Fraser broth, in principle, proved to be useful as a screening tool but is not very selective. Oxford agar proved to be marginally better than lithium chloride-phenylethanol-moxalactam medium and significantly (p<0.05) better than modified Oxford agar in isolating L. monocytogenes.

scholarly journals Work Value among Married and Unmarried Person’: A Comparative Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh O. Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Work Value ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Better Than

Aim of the research is to find out the Work value among married and unmarried person’s. So investigator selected two groups one is married and other is unmarried persons, both groups have 200 persons. In one group has 113 married and other one groups has 87 unmarried persons. The all subjects were randomly selected. Data were collected from Ahmadabad district. Scale was use for data collection is personal datasheet and Work value scale developed by super (1970) and this scale was translated into Gujarati by Jalawadiya (2002), and data were analysis by ‘t’ test. Result show, There is no significant mean difference of Work value between married and unmarried persons. There is no significant difference of the Work value of joint and nuclear families. The high income persons work value is better than the low incomes.

scholarly journals A comparative study on outcome of surgical management of varicose veins with and without venous stripping

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 822
Author(s):  
V. Balasubramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Surgical Units ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Better Than

Background: Varicose veins are dilated, elongated and tortuous veins. Though not a very fatal disease the morbidity caused by this disease is more. The treatment modalities available are conservative, surgical and endovenous therapies. In this comparative study, the outcome of surgical management of varicose veins with and without venous stripping is compared and analyzed.Methods: During the period of September 2017 to November 2018. 92 cases of varicose veins were operated in all surgical units in the headquarters hospital, Ooty. A thorough clinical examination in good light will give the maximum information about the varicosities. To avoid recurrence due to anatomic variations in the leg veins and to mark the exact site of incompetent vessels for easy surgical approach with minimal incisions and to rule out deep vein thrombosis (DVT) imaging studies are now routinely done.Results: The hematoma formation in the thigh was seen in 28% of patients who underwent venous stripping whereas it was seen in 4% who underwent Trendelenburg procedure alone without venous stripping. These wounds were examined in the postoperative period. 4% of patients in each group had delayed wound healing.Conclusions: Concerning wound healing, hospital stay, and pain relief there is no significant difference between the two procedures. So, as for as the variables observed, the Trendelenburg procedure with incompetent perforators ligation without venous stripping appears to be better than Trendelenburg procedure with incompetent perforators ligation with venous stripping.

scholarly journals Academic Performance as a Function of Level of Aspiration & Gender – A Comparative Study amongst Different Streams of Education

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshu Paliwal ◽  
Dr. Nanda Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Low Achievers ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Level Of Aspiration ◽  
Better Than

The present study examines the level of aspiration of students belonging to different streams of education and its impact on academic performance. The sample of the study consisted of 717 students (358 males and 358 females). The age range of the sample was 18 to 19 years. Tool used for measuring level of aspiration was Level of Aspiration Measure developed by Dr. Mahesh Bhargava and Prof. M A Shah. Goal Discrepancy Score is the difference between aspiration and the achievement on the same trial. The percentiles of marks obtained in the last qualifying exam were treated as an indicator of academic performance. For inferential purpose the data was treated with ANOVA and Scheffe’s test of Multiple Comparison. The findings of the study revealed that no significant difference exists between Academic Performance of students with high and low achievers belonging to Engineering and Management streams of education; however there exists significant differences between academic performances of students with high and low Level of Aspiration belonging to Law fraternity; with students showing low Level of Aspiration performing better than students with high Level of Aspiration. There exists no significant difference between academic performance of boys and girls with respect to Level of Aspiration in engineering stream. However, there exists significant difference between academic performance of boys and girls with respect to Level of Aspiration in Management and Legal streams of education. In both the streams girls outshine boys.

Comparison of Automated BAX PCR and Standard Culture Methods for Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Blue Crabmeat (Callinectus sapidus) and Blue Crab Processing Plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1930-1933 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIVARANJANI PAGADALA ◽  
SALINA PARVEEN ◽  
JURGEN G. SCHWARZ ◽  
THOMAS RIPPEN ◽  
JOHN B. LUCHANSKY
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Blue Crab ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Enrichment Broth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Standard Culture

This study compared the automated BAX PCR with the standard culture method (SCM) to detect Listeria monocytogenes in blue crab processing plants. Raw crabs, crabmeat, and environmental sponge samples were collected monthly from seven processing plants during the plant operating season, May through November 2006. For detection of L. monocytogenes in raw crabs and crabmeat, enrichment was performed in Listeria enrichment broth, whereas for environmental samples, demi-Fraser broth was used, and then plating on both Oxford agar and L. monocytogenes plating medium was done. Enriched samples were also analyzed by BAX PCR. A total of 960 samples were examined; 59 were positive by BAX PCR and 43 by SCM. Overall, there was no significant difference (P ≤0.05) between the methods for detecting the presence of L. monocytogenes in samples collected from crab processing plants. Twenty-two and 18 raw crab samples were positive for L. monocytogenes by SCM and BAX PCR, respectively. Twenty and 32 environmental samples were positive for L. monocytogenes by SCM and BAX PCR, respectively, whereas only one and nine finished products were positive. The sensitivities of BAX PCR for detecting L. monocytogenes in raw crabs, crabmeat, and environmental samples were 59.1, 100, and 60%, respectively. The results of this study indicate that BAX PCR is as sensitive as SCM for detecting L. monocytogenes in crabmeat, but more sensitive than SCM for detecting this bacterium in raw crabs and environmental samples.

scholarly journals The Comparative Study of Drotaverine Hydrochloride and Valethamate Bromide in First Stage of Labor

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Sudhir Babu Palii ◽  
Vijaya Lakshmi Akkupalli ◽  
Suneetha Maddi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Cervical Dilatation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
Drotaverine Hydrochloride ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Better Than ◽  
First Stage Of Labor

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate and compare the effects of drotaverine and valethamate on cervical dilatation. Materials and methods Total of 100 patients (aged 20 to 30 years) including both primigravidae and multigravidae in first stage of labor, were divided randomly into two groups with 50 patients in each. The drotaverine (D) and valethamate (V) groups were given intravenously, 40 mg drotaverine hydrochloride to the former with every 2 hours for a maximum of 3 doses and 8 mg valethamate bromide to the latter with maximum of 6 doses half an hour apart. Results In primigravidae and multigravidae the average duration of active phase is shortened by 3 hours with 1.92 cm/ hour cervical dilatation in drotaverine group and 1 hour 45 minutes with 1.44 cm/hour in valethamate group (p-value < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the duration of second and third stages in both groups. No obstetrical complications or major side effects observed in both groups. Conclusion Drotaverine accelerates labor better than of valethamate. The reduction of pain during labor is better with drotaverine when compared with valethamate. How to cite this article Palii SB, Akkupalli VL, Maddi S. The Comparative Study of Drotaverine Hydrochloride and Valethamate Bromide in First Stage of Labor. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(2):52-56.

Long-Acting Propranolol in the Prophylaxis of Migraine: A Comparative Study of Two Doses

Cephalalgia ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Carroll ◽  
M Reidy ◽  
PA Savundra ◽  
N Cleave ◽  
J McAinsh
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Dose Formulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Better Than

A randomized double-blind, cross-over study using treatment periods of 12 weeks with a 2-week washout, comparing two long-acting formulations of propranolol (`Inderal’*(1) LA 160 mg daily and Half-‘Inderal’ LA 80 mg daily) was performed after a placebo run-in of 4 weeks on 51 patients. The study indicated that both long-acting formulations were significantly better than placebo in reducing the frequency of migraine attacks ( p < 0.01). After 12 weeks there was a significantly lower ( p = 0.03) frequency of migraine attacks in patients on the higher dose formulation than in those on the lower dose formulation. There was no significant difference in the frequency of side effects produced by the two formulations.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Group-Based Learning Using STAD and SGD Toward Students’ Writing Achievement of Descriptive Text

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Better Than

This study discusses a comparative study of group-based learning method between STAD and SGD toward students’ writing achievement of descriptive text on the tenth grade of SMK SalafiyahKajen in the academic year of 2017/2018. The purpose of the study was to differentiate those two methods, which were then found the appropriate method between STAD and SGD for learning writing skill. This study used a mixed method by using comparative design. The subject of this study were the students at the tenth grade of SMK SalafiyahKajen, students’ class RPL 2 and TB. The students from both of the class had different treatment which RPL 2 was treated using SGD and TB was treated using STAD. The technique of data collection was a test, observation, and documentation. The test consisted of two tests; they were pre-test and post-test. After collecting the data, it was found that the average score of pre-test of SGD group was 50.06 and for STAD group was 47.75; meanwhile, the average score of post-test of SGD group was 68.70 and for STAD group was 63.10. So, the computation of t count was 5.031, and the t table was 1.69. The t count was higher than t table, which stated that Ha was accepted. It meant that there was a significant difference between students' writing achievement which was taught by using STAD and SGD. The conclusion defined that SGD was better than STAD to be applied in learning writing.

Comparative Study Between Clean Intermittent Self-Catheterization (Cisc) and Continuous Indwelling Catheterization (Cidc) in Relieving Acute Refractory Retention of Urine Due to Benign Enlargement of Prostate (Bep)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Md Shawkat Alam ◽  
Sudip Das Gupta ◽  
Hadi Zia Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Md Saruar Alam ◽  
Sharif Muhammod Wasimuddin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Acute Urinary Retention ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Better Than

Objective: To compare the clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) with continuous indwelling catheterization (CIDC) in relieving acute urinary retention (AUR) due to benign enlargement of prostate (BEP). Materials and Methods :A total 60 patients attending in urology department of Dhaka Medical college hospital were included according to inclusion criteria ,Patients were randomized by lottery into two groups namely group –A and group –B for CISC and IDC drainage respectively . Thus total 60 patients 30 in each group completed study. Results : Most men can safely be managed as out-patients after AUR due to BPH. The degree of mucosal congestion and inflammation within the bladder was found to be lower in those using CISC and the bladder capacity in these patients was also found higher.Patients with an IDC had a high incidence of UTIs then that of patients with CISC. During the period of catheterization the incidence of UTI was 43.3% in group B in comparison to 40% in group A; before TURP 36% in group B in comparison to 10% incidence in group A.According to patient’s opinion CISC is better than IDC in the management of AUR. Experiencing bladder spasm, reporting blood in urine, management difficulties, incidence and severity of pain were less in CISC group, and the method of CISC was well accepted by patients as well as their family members. Conclusion: From the current study it may be suggested that CISC is better technique for management of AUR patient due to BPH than IDC. It can also be very helpful when surgery must be delayed or avoided due to any reasons in this group of patients. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 21, No. 2, July 2018 p.105-110

Comparative Study between Endoscopic Aided Septoplasty with Two Handed Technique using Endoholder and Conventional Septoplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Apar Pokharel ◽  
Naganawalachullu Jaya Prakash Mayya ◽  
Nabin Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Deviated Nasal Septum ◽  
Endoscopic Septoplasty ◽  
Septal Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
Evolutionary Step ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Deviated nasal septum is one of the most common causes for the nasal obstruction. The objective of this study is to compare the surgical outcomes in patients undergoing conventional septoplasty and endoscopic septoplasty in the management of deviated nasal septum. Methods:  Prospective comparative study was conducted on 60 patients who presented to the Department of ENT, College of Medical sciences, during a period of one year. The severity of the symptoms was subjectively assessed using NOSE score and objectively assessed using modified Gertner plate. Results: There was significant improvement in functional outcome like NOSE Score and area over the Gertner plate among patients who underwent endoscopic septoplasty. Significant difference in incidence of post-operative nasal synechae and haemorrhage was seen in conventional group compared to endoscopic group. Conclusions: Endoscopic surgery is an evolutionary step towards solving the problems related to deviated nasal septum. It is safe, effective and conservative, alternative to conventional septal surgery.

Transplantation of coral fragment, Acropora formosa (Scleractinia)

2014 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hanny Tioho ◽  
Maykel A.J Karauwan
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Size ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acropora Formosa ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Better Than

The minimum size of coral transplants, Acropora formosa, was assessed to support their survival and growth. For this, 150 coral fragments of different sizes (5, 10, 15 cm) were transplanted close to the donor colony. Their survivorship and growth were observed for 12 months. At the end of the observation time, 90% of 15 cm-transplanted coral fragments survived, while the others (10cm and 5 cm) did 86% and 82% respectively. The average growth rate of 5 cm-coral fragments was 0.860 cm/month, while 10 and 15 cm-fragments were 0.984 cm/month and 1.108 cm/month respectively. One-way ANOVA showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) among the three (5, 10, 15 cm) transplant initial sizes in which the longest fragment size tended to survive longer than the smaller one.  However, the smaller transplants grew better than the bigger one, 10.318 cm/year (206%) for 5 cm-transplant, 11.803 cm/year (118%) for 10 cm-transplant, and 13.299 cm/year (89%) for 15 cm-transplant, respectively. Ukuran minimal fragmen karang Acropora formosa yang ditransplantasi diduga untuk mendukung ketahanan hidup dan pertumbuhannya. Untuk itu, 150 fragmen karang ditransplantasi ke lokasi yang berdekatan dengan koloni induknya.  Ketahanan hidup dan pertumbuhan semua fragmen karang yang ditransplantasi diamati selama 12 bulan.  Pada akhir pengamatan, 90% dari fragmen karang berukuran 15 cm yang ditransplantasi dapat bertahan hidup, sedangkan yang lainnya (ukuran 10 cm dan 5 cm) masing-masing sebesar 86% dan 82%.  Rata-rata laju pertumbuhan fragmen karang dengan ukuran awal 5 cm adalah 0,860 cm/bulan, sedangkan ukuran fragmen 10 dan 15 cm masing-masing adalah 0,984 cm/bulan and 1,108 cm/bulan. ANOVA satu arah menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata (p<0.05) antara ketiga ukuran fragmen yang berbeda, di mana ukuran fragmen karang yang lebih panjang cenderung mempunyai ketahanan hidup yang lebih baik. Namun demikian, ukuran transplant yang lebih kecil memiliki pertumbuhan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ukuran yang lebih besar, yakni10,318 cm/tahun (206%) untuk transplant berukuran 5 cm, 11,803 cm/tahun (118%) untuk 10 cm, dan 13,299 cm/tahun (89%) untuk ukuran 15 cm.

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