Evaluation of Consumable Household Products for Decontaminating Retail Skinless, Boneless Chicken Breasts

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. McKEE ◽  
L. NEISH ◽  
A. POTTENGER ◽  
N. FLORES ◽  
K. WEINBRENNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Wine ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Cranberry Juice ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Chicken Broth ◽  
Household Products ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
White Vinegar

The effect of 15 consumable products, including juices, wines, and vinegar, used as rinsing agents on microbial loads of retail skinless, boneless chicken breasts was evaluated in two studies. Ten breasts were rinsed for 1 min with each solution. Samples were swabbed before and after rinsing with a cellulose sponge and evaluated for total aerobic (APC), total coliform (TCC), and generic Escherichia coli counts by Petrifilm methods. No differences were found in initial APC or TCC in either study, with initial mean APC ranging from 5.30 to 7.05 log CFU/cm2 and initial mean TCC ranging from 2.21 to 3.36 log CFU/cm2. In study 1, the APC for breasts rinsed with distilled white vinegar (3.22 log CFU/cm2) was lower than for those rinsed with all other solutions except cranberry juice cocktail (3.86 log CFU/cm2). The TCC for breasts rinsed with distilled white vinegar (0.00 log CFU/cm2) and cranberry juice cocktail (0.20 log CFU/cm2) were lower than those for all other solutions except 10% NaCl (0.43 log CFU/cm2) and 10% NaHCO3 (0.48 log CFU/cm2). In study 2, APC values for breasts rinsed with red wine (5.29 log CFU/cm2) and white wine (5.32 log CFU/cm2) were lower than for breasts rinsed with the other three solutions. The TCC after rinsing with chicken broth (4.48 log CFU/cm2) was higher than for all other solutions except Italian dressing. Although distilled white vinegar was the most effective rinsing agent, all solutions produced lower counts after rinsing, indicating that consumers could use rinsing to remove microorganisms from chicken breast surfaces prior to cooking.

scholarly journals Assessment of Bacteriological Quality of Sheep Carcasses, Effect Level of 2.5% Citric Acid Spray on Bacterial Contamination of Meat, and Hygiene Practices of Workers in a Selected Abattoir in Debrezeit Town, Central Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117863022110375
Author(s):  
Derebew Aynewa ◽  
Zemichael Gizaw ◽  
Aklilu Feleke Haile
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Meat safety is important for public health. As part of the meat chain abattoirs are required to give attention to meat hygiene and safety in order to minimize hazards. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the bacteriological quality of sheep carcasses, knowledge and hygienic practices of workers in a selected abattoir and to determine the effect level of 2.5% citric acid spray on total coliforms and aerobic bacteria load of raw sheep carcasses surfaces. Methods: A cross-sectional study design with structured questionnaire and observational checklists observation were used. A systematic random sampling technique was employed. A total of 50 sample swabs (25 swabs before citric acid spray and 25 after citric acid spray) were randomly taken from brisket, flank and rump of sheep’s carcasses. Swabs were moistened with buffered peptone water (BPW) and samples were taken by rubbing 100 cm2 (10 cm × 10 cm) area delineated by sterile aluminum template. In addition, we administered a structured questionnaire and an observational checklists to assess knowledge and hygienic practices of workers. Bacteriological quality of sheep carcasses were analyzed using the methods described by the US bacteriological analytical manual. Results: The mean count for aerobic bacteria of the sheep carcasses before and after citric acid spray were 7.2log10 CFU/ml and 6.4log10 CFU/ml, respectively. The test results also showed that 21 (84%) and 15 (60%) of the swab samples were positive before and after spraying citric acid, respectively. The mean counts for coliform bacterial of the sheep carcasses before and after citric acid spray were 3.5log10 CFU/ml and 2.9log10 CFU/ml, respectively. The mean total aerobic and coliform counts before and after citric acid spray were significantly different ( P < .05). Regarding the hygiene condition of workers, all the respondents reported that they always washed their hands with soap before and after entering the slaughtering room and 23 (53.5%) of the workers reported that they used hot water. Thirty-one (72.1%) of the workers reported that they do not used soap to wash hands after visiting toilet. Thirty-five (81.4%) of the production workers did not wear mouth mask while handling and distribute meat/carcass. On the other hand, all of the workers wore capes, gowns and boots at the time of the observation and only 18 (18.6%) of the production workers wore gloves at the time of the survey. Conclusion: The current study revealed that significant proportion of sheep carcasses were positive for total aerobic bacteria and total coliform. Moreover, the study also showed that spraying of sheep carcasses with 2.5% citric acid significantly reduced the total coliform and aerobic counts. However, we did not assessed how much spray results to this effect. Therefore, we recommended further studies to determine how much spray of 2.5% citric acid significantly reduce bacterial contamination of sheep carcasses. In addition, the abattoir has to follow the food hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system to minimize meat contamination during harvesting and processing. The abattoir has to also implement strict operation laws to improve hygiene conditions of the workers. In addition, the abattoir can minimize meat contamination using 2.5% citric acid as a decontaminant.

Application of Distilled White Vinegar in the Cloaca To Counter the Increase in Campylobacter Numbers on Broiler Skin during Feather Removal†

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. BERRANG ◽  
D. P. SMITH ◽  
A. HINTON
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Action ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Broiler Breast ◽  
White Vinegar ◽  
Skin Samples

Because of the escape of highly contaminated gut contents from the cloaca of positive carcasses, Campylobacter numbers recovered from broiler carcass skin samples increase during automated feather removal. Vinegar is known to have antimicrobial action. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of vinegar placed in the cloaca prior to feather removal on the numbers of Campylobacter recovered from broiler breast skin. Broilers were stunned, killed, and bled in a pilot processing plant. Vinegar was placed in the colons of the chickens prior to scalding. Carcasses were scalded, and Campylobacter numbers were determined on breast skin before and after passage through a commercial-style feather-picking machine. Campylobacter numbers recovered from the breast skin of untreated control carcasses increased during feather removal from 1.3 log CFU per sample prior to defeathering to 4.2 log afterward. Placement of water in the colon before scalding had no effect on Campylobacter numbers. Campylobacter numbers recovered from the breast skin of carcasses treated with vinegar also increased during defeathering but to a significantly lesser extent. Treated carcasses experienced only a 1-log increase from 1.6 log CFU per sample before feather removal to 2.6 log CFU per sample afterward. Application of an effective food-grade antimicrobial in the colon prior to scald can limit the increase in Campylobacter contamination of broiler carcasses during defeathering.

Microbial Assessment of Grey Water Samples Treated with Activated Carbon Forms of Selected Agro-wastes

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Nduka Chidimma Adamma ◽  
Okereke Josephat Nwabueze ◽  
Peter, Chukwudi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Fungi

This study evaluated the efficacy of activated carbon from rice husk, corn cob and coconut husk wastes in the reduction of microbial properties of grey water samples harvested from students’ hostels. Microscopic characterization, enumerations and identification of microbial isolates were carried out to determine the microbial community before and after the treatment with activated carbon.  Staphylococcus sp, Micrococcus sp, Bacillus sp, Salmonella sp, Saccharomyces sp and Penicillium sp were observed to be present in the grey water. Before treatment, Total Heterotrophic Count (THC) was 1.2 x 1011cfu/ml, Total Coliform Count (TCC), 6.4 x 106cfu/ml and Total Fungi Count (TFC) 2.2 x 1010cfu/ml. THC after the treatment ranged from 1.69 x 109 - 7.6 x 1010cfu/ml; TCC, 2.2 x 105 - 7.3 x 108cfu/ml and TFC 1.0 x 108 - 1.2 x 109cfu/ml. Reduction in the microbial load after treatment revealed that activated carbons from rice husk, corn cob and coconut husk can be used singly or in combined states for the treatment of wastewater.

scholarly journals Effects of White Wine and Tyrosol on Circulating Ceramides in Individuals at Cardiovascular Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 365-365
Author(s):  
Jose Rodríguez-Morató ◽  
Anna Boronat ◽  
Montse Fitó ◽  
Rafael De la Torre
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Objectives Ceramides (Cer) are a class of bioactive lipids that are receiving increasing attention as biomarkers of cardiometabolic diseases. Tyrosol (Tyr) is a phenolic compound present in olive oil and wine. Once ingested, it is partially biotransformed into hydroxytyrosol (HOTyr). Tyr and its partial biotransformation into HOTyr promote cardiovascular health-related benefits in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of white wine and Tyr on circulating Cer. Methods Thirty-three participants (12 women and 21 men) at cardiovascular risk (age 65 ± 6 years; BMI, 32.6 ± 4.2 kg/m2, LDL cholesterol 118 ± 34 mg/dL) received either white wine (females 1, males 2 standard drinks/days), white wine plus tyrosol capsules (one 25 mg capsule per drink) and water (control, ad libitum) according to a randomized-controlled cross-over design. Each intervention lasted 4 weeks and was preceded by a 3-week washout period. Arterial stiffness biomarkers were measured before and after each intervention. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after each intervention period. The plasma levels of seven Cer (C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, C22:0, C24:0, and C24:1) were measured by LC/MS/MS. Results Amongst the three interventions, only white wine plus Tyr significantly altered the levels of circulating ceramides (P &lt; 0.05). White wine plus Tyr decreased the Cer C16:0/C24:0 ratio (P = 0.0018), Cer C18:0/C24:0 ratio (P = 0.040), and Cer C24:1/C24:0 ratio (P = 0.005), compared to white wine alone or water interventions. The final values of Cer ratios after the white wine plus Tyr intervention correlated with arterial stiffness biomarkers (endothelin 1 and augmentation index), which in turn were decreased by this intervention (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions The Cer ratios C16:0/C24:0, C18:0/C24:0, and C24:1/C24:0 (which had been previously reported to be cardiovascular and mortality risk factors) were decreased by the administration of dietary doses of white wine plus Tyr. Reductions in these ceramides correlated with improvements in arterial stiffness biomarkers. These results, which were not observed after white wine alone, provide new insights on the cardiovascular protective activity of Tyr and its partial conversion into HOTyr. Funding Sources Funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. JRM acknowledges a Sara Borrell contract.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the water sorption of luting cements in different solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Alma Gavranović-Glamoč ◽  
Muhamed Ajanović ◽  
Samra Korać ◽  
Selma Zukić ◽  
Sanela Strujić-Porović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Sorption ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Resin Cements ◽  
Hydrophilic Matrix ◽  
Luting Cements ◽  
Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽  
Before And After

<div class="WordSection1"><p><strong>Objective. </strong>To evaluate and compare the water sorption of three luting cements in three different solutions: distilled water and artificial saliva with different pH values (7.4 and 3.0). <strong>Materials and methods</strong>. Resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (GC Fuji Plus) and two resin cements (Multilink Automix and Variolink II) were used. A total of 45 specimens - 15 specimens (15x1 mm) for each cement were prepared according to ISO standard 4049:2009. The water sorptions of the cements were calculated by weighing the specimens before and after immersion and desiccation. <strong>Results. </strong>Nonparametric statistic methods were applied. GC Fuji Plus cement showed significantly higher values of water sorption in all three solutions of both resin cements (p&lt;0.009) and significantly higher values of sorption in artificial saliva pH 3.0. Multilink Automix showed significantly higher values of water sorption compared with Variolink II in artificial saliva pH 7.4, and higher values of sorption in this solution compared with pH value 3.0. <strong>Con- clusion. </strong>Water sorption values are mainly influenced by the proportion of hydrophilic matrix, the type and composition of filler, and the pH value of solutions.</p></div>

scholarly journals Effects of Wine and Tyrosol on the Lipid Metabolic Profile of Subjects at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Potential Cardioprotective Role of Ceramides

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1679
Author(s):  
Jose Rodríguez-Morató ◽  
Anna Boronat ◽  
Gabriele Serreli ◽  
Laura Enríquez ◽  
Alex Gomez-Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Risk Biomarkers

Ceramides are a class of sphingolipids which have recently been shown to be better cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk predictors than traditional CVD risk biomarkers. Tyrosol (TYR) is a dietary phenolic compound known to possess cardioprotective effects per se or through its in vivo active metabolite hydroxytyrosol. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the co-administration of white wine (WW) and TYR on circulating levels of ceramides and other lipids in humans at high CVD risk. Volunteers underwent a randomized controlled crossover clinical trial (4-week duration per intervention) with three different interventions: control, WW, and WW enriched with a capsule of TYR (WW + TYR). Endothelial function cardiovascular biomarkers and plasma lipidomic profile were assessed before and after each intervention. It was found that the WW + TYR intervention resulted in lower levels of three ceramide ratios, associated with an improvement of endothelial function (Cer C16:0/Cer C24:0, Cer C18:0/Cer C24:0, and Cer C24:1/Cer C24:0), when compared to the control intervention. Moreover, WW + TYR was able to minimize the alterations in plasma diacylglycerols concentrations observed following WW. Overall, the results obtained show that the antioxidant TYR administered with WW exerts beneficial effects at the cardiovascular level, in part by modulating blood lipid profile.

scholarly journals Water Quality of Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting System (MyRAWAS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 880 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
N U M Nizam ◽  
M M Hanafiah ◽  
M B Mokhtar ◽  
N A Jalal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Prolonged drought, population growth and water demand for various purposes have increased the water scarcity issue. To overcome this issue, a rainwater harvesting system can be utilized as an alternative for clean water supply. A rainwater harvesting system is a method of collecting rainwater from man-made surfaces such as rooftops and constructed surfaces and can be used for various sectors including household, agricultural and commercial. This study was conducted to determine the quality of rainwater harvested collected directly from rooftop. The quality of the rooftop rainwater was taken in three consecutive months and the water quality for before and after treatment was measured and compared. Commercial activated carbon was used to treat the rainwater obtained from the rooftop. The water quality was compared with the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the National Water Quality Standards (NWQS). The parameters involved are pH, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD),E.coli and total coliform bacteria. The results showed that the total value of WQI before and after treatment was 86.3 ± 8.963 and 87.6±2.081, respectively. Positive correlations were found for parameter NH3-N, COD and pH, while paired T-test showed a significant in the COD and the presence of bacteria. Total Coliform is still at a safe level by NWQS with the average value and the standard deviation for before and after treatment were 38.11 ± 13.960 cfu/ml and 10.33 ± 6.671 cfu/ml, respectively.

Interactions Between Ethanol and Dietary Fat in Determining Human Platelet Function

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
pp. 050-053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G Fenn ◽  
John M Littleton
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Before And After

SummaryPlatelet aggregation to collagen and ADP in vitro was assessed in the plasma of healthy human volunteers both before and after drinking 700 ml of white wine. This had no effect on platelet aggregation when compared with samples from the same individuals taken on a separate occasion without alcohol consumption. However, when alcohol was taken with a meal high in saturated fat, a significant inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation was observed when compared to the effect of the meal alone. There was no such interaction when the meal associated with alcohol ingestion contained mainly unsaturated fats. The fatty acid composition of plasma and platelet membranes from these volunteers showed a significantly increased proportion of saturated fats after the saturated fat meal. The concomitant ingestion of ethanol did not prevent this change. The concentration of alcohol in plasma achieved (c. 25 mM) may directly inhibit platelet aggregation when the platelet membrane content of saturated fats is high.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF Moringa oleifera AND ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE CHLORIDE IN GREYWATER TREATMENT IN ABEOKUTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
A. A. ADEKITAN ◽  
O. MARTINS ◽  
J. A. AWOMESO ◽  
Z. O. OJEKUNLE
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
World Health ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Two methods of treating water using a natural coagulant and a chemical coagulant were assessed. The natural coagulant was Moringa oleifera seeds (a forest plant) i.e Treatment ‘A’ while the chemical used was Aluminum hydroxide chloride i.e Treatment ‘B’. The aim of this study was to compare the use of a natural coagulant with a chemical coagulant.  Samples were collected at Omida,  Ibara, Mama Cass, Mr Bigg’s and Sidipon village respectively. The filtrate of   Moringa oleifera seed extract was dosed into the greywater sample at 10% dosing range and made to run through a greywater treatment plant while Aluminum Hydroxide Chloride was also dosed at 10% dosing range and made to run through the treatment plant respectively. The greywater treatment plant   is a self designed treatment plant made to treat both water and wastewater. The raw water was firstly analyzed, after which the treated samples were taken to the laboratory for analysis.  Result for the physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis of treatment ‘A’ before and after treatment were as follows: pH (9.3, 9.7), EC (2995, 1175μs), Temperature (27.7, 27.6oc) , TDS (365, 155ppm),  TSS (0.32, 0.30ppm), TS (376, 155ppm), Sulphate (588, 314mg/l), Magnesium (400, 260mg/l), Nitrate (7.5, 6.1mg/l), Phosphate (285, 12mg/l) and total coliform count after treatment is given as (2.8x103 cfu/ml), while that of treatment ‘B’ before and after treatment were as follows: pH(11, 9.9), EC (3000,630), Temperature (27.7, 27.6oc), TDS (0.47, 0.45ppm), TS (416, 320ppm), Sulphate (571, 246mg/l), Magnesium (820,  860mg/l), Nitrate (4.4, 6.0mg/l), Phosphate(169, 6.1mg/l)  the  total coliform count after treatment was  given as ; (3.0x103cfu/ml). One-way Anova test was used to determine differences between results obtained using the two coagulants. The result indicated no significant difference at p=0.05 between the two treatments. Hence, result was further compared with World Health Organization Standard for Drinking Water.  Comparatively, the analysis obtained from water treated with Moringa oleifera was found to be more effective than the chemical coagulant, and can be easily made available for the use of the populace.    

scholarly journals Environmental Contaminants in Hospital Settings and Progress in Disinfecting Techniques

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Messina ◽  
Emma Ceriale ◽  
Daniele Lenzi ◽  
Sandra Burgassi ◽  
Elena Azzolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Count ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Hospital Units ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Medical devices, such as stethoscopes, and other objects found in hospital, such as computer keyboards and telephone handsets, may be reservoirs of bacteria for healthcare-associated infections. In this cross-over study involving an Italian teaching hospital we evaluated microbial contamination (total bacterial count (TBC) at 36°C/22°C,Staphylococcusspp., moulds,Enterococcusspp.,Pseudomonasspp.,E. coli, total coliform bacteria,Acinetobacterspp., andClostridium difficile) of these devices before and after cleaning and differences in contamination between hospital units and between stethoscopes and keyboards plus handsets. We analysed 37 telephone handsets, 27 computer keyboards, and 35 stethoscopes, comparing their contamination in four hospital units. Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney tests were used. Before cleaning, many samples were positive forStaphylococcusspp. and coliforms. After cleaning, CFUs decreased to zero in most comparisons. The first aid unit had the highest and intensive care the lowest contamination (P<0.01). Keyboards and handsets had higher TBC at 22°C (P=0.046) and mould contamination (P=0.002) than stethoscopes. Healthcare professionals should disinfect stethoscopes and other possible sources of bacterial healthcare-associated infections. The cleaning technique used was effective in reducing bacterial contamination. Units with high patient turnover, such as first aid, should practise stricter hygiene.

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