Table 2. Data for the 20-m multi-stage shuttle run (or Beep) test on soccer players.

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the anthropometric and physical characteristics of youth elite paddlers and to identify the differences between kayakers and canoeists. A total of 171 male paddlers (eighty-nine kayakers and eighty-two canoeists), aged 13.69 ± 0.57 years (mean ± SD) volunteered to participate in this study. The participants completed basic anthropometric assessments (body mass, stretch stature, sitting height, body mass index, maturity level, sum of 6 skinfolds and fat mass percentage) as well as a battery of physical fitness tests (overhead medicine ball throw, counter movement jump, sit-and-reach and 20 m multi-stage shuttle run tests). The anthropometric results revealed a significantly larger body size (stretch stature and sitting height) and body mass in the kayakers (p < 0.01) as well as a more mature biological status (p = 0.003). The physical fitness level exhibited by the kayakers was likewise significantly greater than that of the canoeists, both in the counter movement jump and estimated VO2max (p < 0.05), as well as in the overhead medicine ball throw and sit-and-reach test (p < 0.01). These findings confirm the more robust and mature profile of youth kayakers that might be associated with the superior fitness level observed and the specific requirements of this sport discipline.

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The reliability and validity of predicting cardiorespiratory fitness using the 20m multi-stage shuttle run test(MST).

Exercise Science ◽

10.15857/ksep.2009.18.1.125 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 125-132

Author(s):

Eui-Young kim

Keyword(s):

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Run Test ◽

Shuttle Run

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Instrumen Tes Kebugaran Jasmani Untuk Anak Usia 10-12 Tahun

Sporta Saintika ◽

10.24036/sporta.v6i2.186 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 165-176

Author(s):

Wahyu Indra Bayu ◽

Waluyo Waluyo ◽

Ahmad Richard Victorian ◽

Al Ikhsan Al Ikhsan ◽

Yoga Apriyanto

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Strength Test ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Shuttle Run

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan instrumen pengukuran kebugaran jasmani pada anak usia 10-12 tahun. Usia tersebut rata-rata anak yang sekolah pada tingkat dasar kelas 4-6. Jenis penelitian yaitu metode survei dengan teknik analisis data deskriptif persentase. Purposive accidental sampling digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Responden yang terlibat pada penelitian ini adalah 128 responden yang terdiri dari 19 responden adalah dosen dalam bidang keolahragaan dan 109 responden adalah guru PJOK tingkat SD. Hasil penelitian bahwa alat ukur untuk kebugaran jasmani yang berkaitan dengan Kesehatan yang dapat diterapkan pada sebagian besar sekolah dasar dengan memperhatikan kondisi sarana dan prasarana adalah weight, height, and body mass index (komposisi tubuh), 20-meter multi-stage shuttle run (daya tahan kardiorespirasi), sit-and-reach test (kelentukan), push-ups (daya tahan otot), dan maximal handgrip strength test (kekuatan otot).

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Paradigm Shift in Critical Speed Application and Modification for Shuttle Running: A Narrative Review

10.20944/preprints202102.0081.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Kramer ◽

Eva Piatrikova

Keyword(s):

Paradigm Shift ◽

Field Tests ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Level 1 ◽

Run Test ◽

Track Test ◽

Test Level ◽

Continuous Running ◽

Shuttle Run ◽

Testing Paradigm

The overarching purpose of this review was to highlight the utility of different aerobic field tests in terms of the parameters they provide, with a specific focus on shuttle running and all-out testing. Various field tests are discussed in detail and are categorised according to linear continuous running tests (e.g. 12-minute Cooper Test, University of Montreal Track Test [UMTT], 1200/1600 m time trials, 3-minute all-out test for running [3MT]), intermittent shuttle running tests (e.g. yo-yo inter-mittent recovery test level 1 [YYIR1], 30-15 intermittent fitness test [IFT], and the intermittent all-out shuttle test [IAOST]), and continuous shuttle running tests (e.g. 1.2 km shuttle run test [1.2SRT], maximal multi-stage 20-m shuttle test [MSR], 25-m, 30 m and 50-m 3-minute all-out shuttle test [AOST]). Readers will be guided through the theoretical and practical underpinnings of the 3MT methodology, where the all-out testing methodology is stationed within the testing paradigm, and how to practically implement and interpret the results thereof.

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High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise Performed on the Sand Induces Higher Internal Load Demands in Soccer Players

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.713106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Tiago Cetolin ◽

Anderson Santiago Teixeira ◽

Juliano Fernandes da Silva ◽

Alessandro Haupenthal ◽

Fábio Yuzo Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Intermittent Exercise ◽

Surface Condition ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Physiological Effect ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Shuttle Run

This study aimed to examine the acute physiological effect of shuttle-run-based high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) performed at the same relative speed (i. e., 100% PST−CAR) on sand (SAND) and grass (GRASS) in male junior soccer players. Seven Under-23 Brazilian national league (“Série A”) soccer players completed four testing sessions in either SAND or GRASS surface condition. The first two testing sessions consisted of performing a maximal progressive shuttle-run field protocol until volitional exhaustion (Carminatti's test, T-CAR), whereas the third and fourth sessions comprised a HIIE session on each ground surface. The HIIE session consisted of three 5-min bouts [12 s shuttle-run (with a direction change every 6 s)/12 s of passive rest] performed at 100% of T-CAR peak speed (PST−CAR) with 3 min of passive recovery between sets. Measurements of oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration ([La]), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were performed during all conditions. The SAND condition elicited significantly higher %VO2peak (94.58 ± 2.73 vs. 87.45 ± 3.31%, p < 0.001, d = 2.35), %HRpeak (93.89 ± 2.63 vs. 90.31 ± 2.87%, p < 0.001, d = 1.30), RPE (8.00 ± 0.91 vs. 4.95 ± 1.23 a.u., p < 0.001, d = 2.82), and [La] (10.76 ± 2.37 vs. 5.48 ± 1.13 mmol/L, p < 0.010, d = 2.84). This study showed that higher internal workloads are experienced by the players during a single HIIE session performed on a softer surface as SAND, even when the exercise intensity was individualized based on 100%PST−CAR.

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The effect of two different speed endurance training protocols on a multiple shuttle run performance in young elite male soccer players

Research in Sports Medicine ◽

10.1080/15438627.2018.1492402 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 436-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jacopo Antonino Vitale ◽

Valerio Povìa ◽

Nicolò Danilo Vitale ◽

Tito Bassani ◽

Giovanni Lombardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endurance Training ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Shuttle Run ◽

Training Protocols

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Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Th-Cell-Related Cytokines Released after Progressive Effort

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9030876 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 876 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak ◽

Andrzej Ciechanowicz ◽

Jeremy S.C. Clark ◽

Robert Nowak

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Th Cell ◽

Cytokine Levels ◽

Baseline Values ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Molecular Patterns ◽

The Impact ◽

Shuttle Run

Inflammation-induced processes commence with the activation of signalling pathways at the cellular level, which mobilize inflammatory cells and stimulate the secretion of chemokines, cytokines, and damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs). Physical effort stimulates inflammation, contributing to muscle repair and regeneration. We have examined the impact of different protocols of progressive-effort tests on T-cell DAMP levels, extracellular cleavage products (fibronectin and hyaluronan), and Th-cell-related cytokine levels among soccer players. Thirty male soccer players with a median age of 17 (16–22) years performed different defined protocols for progressive exercise until exhaustion: (1) YO-YO intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYRL1, n = 10); (2) maximal multistage 20 m shuttle run (Beep, n = 10); and mechanical treadmill (MT, n = 10); and (3) shuttle-run test (n = 10). Blood samples were taken three times as follows: at baseline, post effort, and in recovery. Significantly higher post-effort concentrations of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ were observed in the Beep group, IL-4 in the YYRL1 group, and IL-6 and IFN-γ in the MT group as compared with the baseline values. Recovery values were significantly higher for concentrations of IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ in the YYRL1 group, only for IFN-γ in the Beep group, and for IL-6, IL-10, and INF-γ in the MT group as compared with the baseline values. Post-effort concentrations of DEFβ2, Hsp27, Fn, and UA in the Beep group and Hsp27 and HA in the YYRL1 group were significantly higher as compared with the baseline values. It seems the performed efficiency test protocols caused a short-term imbalance in Th1/Th2 cytokine levels without giving common molecular patterns. The rapidity of these changes was apparently related to specific physical movements and the type of running surface.

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High-intensity Interval Training Shock Microcycle Improves Running Performance but not Economy in Female Soccer Players

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-1302-8002 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Filippo Dolci ◽

Andrew E. Kilding ◽

Tania Spiteri ◽

Paola Chivers ◽

Benjamin Piggott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

Running Economy ◽

Soccer Players ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Endurance Running ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Change Of Direction ◽

High Intensity Interval ◽

Shuttle Run

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training shock microcycles (HIITSM) on endurance, running economy and change of direction economy in female soccer players. Nineteen sub-elite female soccer players were randomised to two groups: HIITSM (10 HIIT sessions over 13 days) or HIITTRAD (4 HIIT sessions over 13 days) interventions. Endurance performance was evaluated through the 30–15 intermittent fitness test (30–15IFT); running economy over a 5-min treadmill run; and change of direction economy over two conditions: (1) 5-min 20m shuttle run, and (2) 5-min 10m shuttle run. HIITSM significantly improved 30–15IFT scores compared to baseline (+4.4%, p=0.009; d=0.96) and 30–15IFT scores relative to HIITTRAD (p=0.002; d=2.01). There was no significant interaction (group×time) for running economy and change of direction economy. Pre- to post- intervention there was a significant main time effect for blood lactate over 20m and 10m shuttle runs (p<0.001 and p=0.037, respectively), with large (d=0.93) and moderate (d=0.53) changes observed for the HIITSM over the two distances, respectively. HIITSM may be more effective than HIITTRAD to improve 30–15IFT over shorter training periods but may not affect running economy and change of direction economy.

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Predicting Maximal Lactate Steady State from Carminatti’s Shuttle Run Test in Soccer Players

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-1224-3985 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lorival José Carminatti ◽

Bruna Nunes Batista ◽

Juliano Fernandes da Silva ◽

Artur Ferreira Tramontin ◽

Vitor Pereira Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Steady State ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Maximal Heart Rate ◽

Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽

Incremental Test ◽

Run Test ◽

Peak Speed ◽

Linear Regressions ◽

Shuttle Run

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to determine the validity of Carminatti’s shuttle run incremental test–T-Car derived parameters in estimating the maximal lactate steady state determined in shuttle run format. Eighteen soccer players performed a T-Car test, and several trials to determine the maximal lactate steady state. From T-Car were derived the heart rate deflection point, peak speed, maximal heart rate and parameters resulting from percentage of peak measures. The validity was accessed by Bland-Altman plots, linear regressions, and two one-sided tests of equivalence analysis. The results showed the speed at 80.4% of T-Car peak speed, the heart rate deflection point and the 91.4% of maximal heart rate were equivalent to maximal lactate steady state (Mean difference; ±90% compatibility interval; −0.8; ±1.5%, −0.4; ±1.1%, and 0.0; ±2.7%, respectively). Additionally, peak speed during the T-Car test was a stronger predictor of maximal lactate steady state (MLSS [km/h]=2.57+0.65 × sPeak; r=0.82 [90% CI; 0.62–0.92], standard error of the estimate=3.6%; 90% CI ×/÷1.4). Therefore, soccer players can use the T-Car derived parameters as a noninvasive and practical alternative to estimate the specific maximal lactate steady state for soccer.

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