Teatro del Murciélago [Theatre of the Bat]

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
Founding Father ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Anthropological Study

Teatro del Murciélago (Theatre of the Bat) was a group that gave what appears to have been its only public performance at the Teatro Olimpia in Mexico City on September 17, 1924. Inspired by La Chauve-Souris, a touring revue troupe formed by Parisian-based Russian émigrés, the Murciélago brought together figures linked to the avant-garde movement known as estridentismo and artist-ethnographers who had worked among indigenous communities in central Mexico. Although its existence was ephemeral, the group served as an inspiration for other artists over the following decade and is regarded as one of the most significant theatre experiments of the Mexican avant-garde. One of the roots of the Teatro del Murciélago grew out of a project led by Manuel Gamio, known as the founding father of modern anthropology in Mexico. In conjunction with his archaeological excavation of the ancient Toltec city of Teotihuacán, Gamio organized an anthropological study of the indigenous communities who lived in the surrounding valley and employed several artists whose task was to create pieces of ‘regional theatre’—stylized depictions of indigenous customs with the faint outlines of a plot, most often revolving around scenes of daily life and local fiestas. These short, simple plays were performed in an open-air theatre by indigenous actors for other members of the community as well as for tourists from urban areas as part of Gamio’s project to encourage an ‘ethnic’ or ‘cultural fusion’ among the nation’s diverse peoples.

Perhambaan Tradisional di Borneo Utara Zaman Kesultanan Sulu & Brunei

Sains Insani ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Aping Sajok
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
North Borneo ◽  
Official Records

This study is related to the practice of slavery happened in indigenous communities in North Borneo since under the rule of the Sultanate of Sulu and Brunei. The aim of this study to see how slavery is considered as a unique practice and the slave role in daily life, including the type of slaves and relationship between the slave and their owners. This study will use information about slavery in North Borneo which are available from various sources such as diary, Official records of British North Borneo Chartered Company (BNBCC), Reports, News paper, Microfilm, books and articles. Slavery in North Borneo basically influenced by the role of datu’s and pengiran of the Sulu Sultanate and Brunei which sparked demand for slaves. This causes a form of slavery that occurred in the indigenous tribes such as Suluk, Bajau, Iranun, Dusun and Murut. The practice of slavery grow rapidly along with pirate activities which are intertwined with the slave trading in the Borneo sea. However, before settling by James Brooke in Sarawak and BNBCC in North Borneo, the abolition of slavery activities was implemented. Keywords: Slavery, Sulu, Brunei, Native, History, North Borneo, Abstrak: Kajian ini adalah berkaitan dengan amalan perhambaan yang berlaku dalam masyarakat peribumi di Borneo Utara sejak dibawah pengaruh Kesultanan Sulu dan Brunei. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana amalan perhambaan dianggap sebagai sebuah amalan yang unik dan peranan golongan hamba tersebut dalam kehidupan harian termasuklah jenis hamba dan bentuk hubungan di antara hamba itu sendiri dan pemilik hamba. Kajian ini akan menggunakan maklumat mengenai perhambaan di Borneo Utara yang boleh didapati daripada pelbagai sumber seperti catatan diari pegawai British, rekod-rekod Syarikat Berpiagam Borneo Utara British (SBBUB), laporan, akhbar, Mikrofilem, Buku-buku dan Artikel yang telah dihasilkan oleh sarjana awal. Perhambaan di Borneo Utara pada dasarnya banyak dipengaruhi oleh peranan pembesar daripada Kesultanan Sulu dan Brunei yang mencetuskan permintaan terhadap hamba. Hal tersebut menyebabkan wujud perhambaan yang berlaku dalam suku peribumi seperti Suluk, Bajau, Iranun, Dusun dan Murut. Amalan ini berkembang pesat bersama dengan aktiviti perlanunan yang saling berkait dengan perdagangan hamba di sekitar perairan Borneo. Namun demikian, menjelang pertapakan James Brooke di Sarawak serta SBBUB di Borneo Utara, penghapusan aktiviti perhambaan ini telah dijalankan. Kata kunci: Perhambaan, Sulu, Brunei, Peribumi, Sejarah, Borneo Utara,

Physical environment and daily life in the Sanctuary of Poseidon at Kalaureia, Poros. The bioarchaeological remains

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Penttinen ◽  
Dimitra Mylona
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Over Time

The section below contains reports on bioarchaeological remains recovered in the excavations in Areas D and C in the Sanctuary of Poseidon at Kalaureia, Poros, between 2003 and 2005. The excavations were directed by the late Berit Wells within a research project named Physical Environment and Daily Life in the Sanctuary of Poseidon at Kalaureia (Poros). The main objective of the project was to study what changed and what remained constant over time in the everyday life and in both the built and physical environment in an important sanctuary of the ancient Greeks. The bioarchaeological remains, of a crucial importance for this type of study, were collected both by means of traditional archaeological excavation and by processing extensively collected soil samples. This text aims to providing the theoretical and archaeological background for the analyses that follow.

Tunnel performance during the Puebla-Mexico 19 September 2017 earthquake

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 288-313
Author(s):  
Juan M Mayoral ◽  
Gilberto Mosqueda ◽  
Daniel De La Rosa ◽  
Mauricio Alcaraz
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frequency Content ◽  
Seismic Performance Evaluation ◽  
Ground Deformations ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Observed Damage

Seismic performance of tunnels during earthquakes in densely populated areas requires assessing complex interactions with existing infrastructure such as bridges, urban overpasses, and metro stations, including low- to medium-rise buildings. This article presents the numerical study of an instrumented tunnel, currently under construction on stiff soils, located in the western part of Mexico City, during the Puebla-Mexico 19 September 2017 earthquake. Three-dimensional finite difference models were developed using the software FLAC3D. Initially, the static response of the tunnel was evaluated accounting for the excavation technique. Then, the seismic performance evaluation of the tunnel was carried out, computing ground deformations and factors of safety, considering soil nonlinearities. Good agreement was observed between predicted and observed damage during post-event site observations. Once the soundness of the numerical model was established, a numerical study was undertaken to investigate the effect of frequency content in tunnel-induced ground motion incoherence for tunnels built in cemented stiff soils. A series of strong ground motions recorded during normal and subduction events were used in the simulations, considering a return period of 250 years, as recommended in the Mexico City building code. From the results, it was concluded that the tunnel presence leads to important frequency content modification in the tunnel surroundings which can affect low- to mid-rise stiff structures located nearby. This important finding must be taken into account when assessing the seismic risk in highly populated urban areas, such as Mexico City.

Sentinel-1 InSAR survey to constrain subsidence-induced surface faulting and quantify its induced risk in major cities of central Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Cigna ◽  
Deodato Tapete
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Persistent Scatterers

<p>Several major cities in central Mexico suffer from aquifer depletion and land subsidence driven by overexploitation of groundwater resources to address increasing water demands for domestic, industrial and agricultural use. Ground settlement often combines with surface faulting, fracturing and cracking, causing damage to urban infrastructure, including private properties and public buildings, as well as transport infrastructure and utility networks. These impacts are very common and induce significant economic loss, thus representing a key topic of concern for inhabitants, authorities and stakeholders. This work provides an Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) 2014-2020 survey based on parallel processing of Sentinel-1 IW big data stacks within ESA’s Geohazards Exploitation Platform (GEP), using hosted on-demand services based on multi-temporal InSAR methods including Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) and Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI). Surface faulting hazard is constrained based on differential settlement observations and the estimation of angular distortions that are produced on urban structures. The assessment of the E-W deformation field and computation of horizontal strain also allows the identification of hogging (tensile strain or extension) and sagging (compression) zones, where building cracks are more likely to develop at the highest and lowest elevations, respectively. Sentinel-1 observations agree with in-situ observations, static GPS surveying and continuous GNSS monitoring data. The distribution of field surveyed faults and fissures compared with maps of angular distortions and strain also enables the identification of areas with potentially yet-unmapped and incipient ground discontinuities. A methodology to embed such information into the process of surface faulting risk assessment for urban infrastructure is proposed and demonstrated for the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City [1], one of the fastest sinking cities globally (up to 40 cm/year subsidence rates), and the state of Aguascalientes [2], where a structurally-controlled fast subsidence process (over 10 cm/year rates) affects the namesake valley and capital city. The value of this research lies in the demonstration that InSAR data and their derived parameters are not only essential to constrain the deformation processes, but can also serve as a direct input into risk assessment to quantify (at least, as a lower bound) the percentage of properties and population at risk, and monitor how this percentage may change as land subsidence evolves.</p><p>[1] Cigna F., Tapete D. 2021. Present-day land subsidence rates, surface faulting hazard and risk in Mexico City with 2014–2020 Sentinel-1 IW InSAR. <em>Remote Sens. Environ.</em> 253, 1-19, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2020.112161</p><p>[2] Cigna F., Tapete D. 2021. Satellite InSAR survey of structurally-controlled land subsidence due to groundwater exploitation in the Aguascalientes Valley, Mexico. <em>Remote Sens. Environ.</em> 254, 1-23, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2020.112254</p>

‘[The pediatrician] said that maybe my milk, instead of doing good, no longer helped’: the ecology of infant formula in rural communities in Central Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Paulina Luna ◽  
Tania Valdes ◽  
Alberto Zelocuatecatl-Aguilar ◽  
Gerónimo Medrano-Loera ◽  
Bárbara Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

Abstract Objective: As Mexico continues to develop, an epidemiological and nutritional transition has led to an increase in infant formula use in its rural and indigenous communities. Our objective was to determine the social and cultural factors that influence the use of formula in such populations in Central Mexico. Design: Qualitative study using a data collection instrument based on the socio-ecological framework. Setting: Two rural and indigenous communities in Central Mexico. Participants: Mothers, fathers, grandparents and healthcare providers. Results: Breast-feeding was favoured in both communities; however, several cultural traditions hindered exclusive breast-feeding. As these communities became more developed, emerging ideas of modernity led to negative connotations about breast-feeding and many mothers began to view formula as a complement for breast-feeding. Formula was seen as a convenient solution for breast pain, insufficient milk and body image. Healthcare providers promoted the use of formula through their own beliefs, information, communication and conflicts of interest with formula industry representatives. The recent social and economic changes in these communities combined with the increased advertising and availability of breast milk substitutes have facilitated the preference for formula. Conclusions: Women in rural, indigenous communities in Central Mexico are increasingly using formula. Efforts at the policy and institutional levels are needed to protect mothers and their children from the detrimental consequences of unregulated formula promotion and the formula culture that it brings with it.

scholarly journals Emission Factors of Black Carbon and Co-pollutants from Diesel Vehicles in Mexico City

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Zavala ◽  
Luisa T. Molina ◽  
Tara I. Yacovitch ◽  
Edward C. Fortner ◽  
Joseph R. Roscioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Remote Sensing Technique ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Abstract. Diesel-powered vehicles are intensively used in urban areas for transporting goods and people but can substantially contribute to high emissions of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and other gaseous pollutants. Strategies aimed at controlling mobile emissions sources thus have the potential to improve air quality as well as help mitigate impacts of air pollutants on climate, ecosystems, and human health. However, in developing countries there are limited data on the BC and OC emission characteristics of diesel-powered vehicles and thus there are large uncertainties in the estimation of the emission contributions from these sources. We measured BC, OC and other inorganic components of fine particulate matter (PM), as well as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ethane, acetylene, benzene, toluene, and C2-benzenes under real-world driving conditions of 20 diesel-powered vehicles encompassing multiple emission level technologies in Mexico City with the chasing technique using the Aerodyne mobile laboratory. Average BC emission factors ranged from 0.41–2.48 g/kg-fuel depending on vehicle type. The vehicles were also simultaneously measured using the cross-road remote sensing technique to obtain the emission factors of nitrogen oxide (NO), CO, total hydrocarbons, and fine PM, thus allowing the inter-comparison of the results from the two techniques. There is overall good agreement between the two techniques and both can identify high and low emitters but substantial differences were found in some of the vehicles, probably due to the ability of the chasing technique to capture a larger diversity of driving conditions in comparison to the remote sensing technique. A comparison of the results with the US-EPA MOVES-2014b model showed that the model underestimates CO, OC, and selected VOC species whereas there is better agreement for NOx and BC. Larger OC / BC ratios were found in comparison to ratios measured in California using the same technique, further demonstrating the need for using locally-obtained diesel-powered vehicle emission factors database in developing countries in order to reduce the uncertainty in the emissions estimates and to improve the evaluation of the effectiveness of emissions reduction measures.

scholarly journals La situación actual del sistema de monitoreo ambiental en la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México / The Current Status of Environmental Monitoring in the Mexico City Metropolitan Zone

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Perevochtchikova
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Current Status ◽  
New Public ◽  
Environmental Monitoring System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Metropolitan Zone

Se ha visto que sin un sistema de monitoreo ambiental integral y eficiente, que propor­cione datos duros de soporte para un diagnóstico de la situación ambiental, no es posible elaborar nuevas políticas públicas para resolver la problemática que enfrentan las áreas urbanas. En el presente trabajo se revisa la situación actual del sistema de monitoreo ambiental de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México desde tres ángulos: climatológico, hidrométrico y de calidad de aire. Asimismo se detectan sus principales avances, limitaciones y otras particularidades y al final se complementa el monitoreo ambiental con la parte social y económica. AbstractIt has been proved that without an efficient, integral environmental monitoring system that provides hard back-up data for a diagnosis of the environmental situation, it is impossible to draw up new public policies to solve the problem faced by urban areas. This paper reviews the current status of environmental monitoring in the Mexico City Metropolitan Zone from three angles: climatological, hydrometric and air quality. It also detects the main progress, limitations and other particularities and at the end, environmental monitoring is complemented by the social and economic part.

scholarly journals Surviving on the Periphery of a City of Earthquakes

Eos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Basilio
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
The World

Mexico City is one of the most disaster-prone urban areas in the world. Following an earthquake, marginalized communities living on the city’s periphery are exposed to more dangers than just collapsing buildings.

scholarly journals Indigenous People and Their Traditional Knowledge on Tropical Plant Cultivation and Utilization: A Case Study of Murut Communities of Sabah, Borneo

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Nur Muhammed ◽  
Theresa Antonia Muthu
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Plant Utilization

This study was conducted in Murut indigenous people inhibited two villages of Keningau district of Sabah Borneo which is blessed with vast cultural diversities. In this regard, 120 randomly selected households from the Nabaai and Gana tribes of Murut community were investigated with a view to identify their homestead plants, use pattern and also their Traditional Knowledge on plant utilization. Five major research tools (e.g., review of secondary information, key Informant interview, household survey with semi-structured questionnaire and focus group discussion) was employed in this study. It is found that the plant species found in the homestead of the Nabaai and Gana tribes are utilized for three main reasons i.e., i) food production, ii) medicine, and iii) fuel wood. There are 23 utilization pattern has been identified in this study which is much lesser than what was found a decade ago (68 utilization). The Nabaai and Gana tribes practice Traditional Knowledge in their daily life especially, in medicinal plant utilization. The findings also show that most of the Traditional Knowledge on plant utilization is lying with the respondents with low income group (59%) because of their high dependency on utilization of the surrounding resources in their daily life. Appropriate steps to preserve and conserve the Traditional Knowledge on plant utilization possessed and practiced by the Murut indigenous communities are deemed necessary before this huge nature treasure is forgotten.

scholarly journals Modelling constraints on the emission inventory and on vertical dispersion for CO and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area using Solar FTIR and zenith sky UV spectroscopy

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. de Foy ◽  
W. Lei ◽  
M. Zavala ◽  
R. Volkamer ◽  
J. Samuelsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Vertical Dispersion ◽  
Current Emission

Abstract. Emissions of air pollutants in and around urban areas lead to negative health impacts on the population. To estimate these impacts, it is important to know the sources and transport mechanisms of the pollutants accurately. Mexico City has a large urban fleet in a topographically constrained basin leading to high levels of carbon monoxide (CO). Large point sources of sulfur dioxide (SO2) surrounding the basin lead to episodes with high concentrations. An Eulerian grid model (CAMx) and a particle trajectory model (FLEXPART) are used to evaluate the estimates of CO and SO2 in the current emission inventory using mesoscale meteorological simulations from MM5. Vertical column measurements of CO are used to constrain the total amount of emitted CO in the model and to identify the most appropriate vertical dispersion scheme. Zenith sky UV spectroscopy is used to estimate the emissions of SO2 from a large power plant and the Popocatépetl volcano. Results suggest that the models are able to identify correctly large point sources and that both the power plant and the volcano impact the MCMA. Modelled concentrations of CO based on the current emission inventory match observations suggesting that the current total emissions estimate is correct. Possible adjustments to the spatial and temporal distribution can be inferred from model results. Accurate source and dispersion modelling provides feedback for development of the emission inventory, verification of transport processes in air quality models and guidance for policy decisions.

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