Energy renovation models in private households in Denmark

An increasing age of respondents and cognitive impairment are usual suspects for increasing difficulties in survey interviews and a decreasing data quality. This is why survey researchers tend to label residents in retirement and nursing homes as hard-to-interview and exclude them from most social surveys. In this article, I examine to what extent this label is justified and whether quality of data collected among residents in institutions for the elderly really differs from data collected within private households. For this purpose, I analyze the response behavior and quality indicators in three waves of Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. To control for confounding variables, I use propensity score matching to identify respondents in private households who share similar characteristics with institutionalized residents. My results confirm that most indicators of response behavior and data quality are worse in institutions compared to private households. However, when controlling for sociodemographic and health-related variables, differences get very small. These results suggest the importance of health for the data quality irrespective of the housing situation.

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The changing position of housing estate neighbourhoods in the Helsinki metropolitan area

Journal of Housing and the Built Environment ◽

10.1007/s10901-021-09890-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Johanna Lilius ◽

Jukka Hirvonen

Keyword(s):

Real Estate ◽

Metropolitan Area ◽

Social Geography ◽

Housing Estate ◽

Housing Investment ◽

Private Households ◽

Helsinki Metropolitan Area ◽

1960S And 1970S ◽

Rental Markets ◽

The 1960S

AbstractThis paper addresses the under-researched phenomena of investments in the private rental markets in disadvantaged suburbs in Finland. Despite the application of a social-mixing policy in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area and the Nordic welfare model, suburban housing estate neighbourhoods built in the 1960s and 1970s have experienced a socioeconomic decline since the 1990s. According to several recent large surveys, housing estate neighbourhoods represent the least popular housing environments among Finns. Nevertheless, as the Helsinki Metropolitan Area is currently facing rapid population growth, these neighbourhoods have now become the target for heavy infill development, and ambitious city-led regeneration plans. Simultaneously, housing investment has become an opportunity in Finland for both national and, increasingly, also international real-estate investment companies, as well as for private households. We explore the resurge to invest in housing estate neighbourhoods through two case studies in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Using statistics and interviews with policymakers and institutional real-estate investors, as well as a review of policy documents as our data, we show the variegated ways in which the marketization and financialization of housing and urban renewal policies change the social geography of housing estates in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area.

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Impact of vaccination on new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United Kingdom

Nature Medicine ◽

10.1038/s41591-021-01410-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emma Pritchard ◽

Philippa C. Matthews ◽

Nicole Stoesser ◽

David W. Eyre ◽

Owen Gethings ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Viral Load ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Community Based ◽

National Statistics ◽

Private Households ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Viral Burden ◽

General Community ◽

Nose And Throat

AbstractThe effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in the general community is still unclear. Here, we used the Office for National Statistics COVID-19 Infection Survey—a large community-based survey of individuals living in randomly selected private households across the United Kingdom—to assess the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford–AstraZeneca; ChAdOx1) vaccines against any new SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive tests, split according to self-reported symptoms, cycle threshold value (<30 versus ≥30; as a surrogate for viral load) and gene positivity pattern (compatible with B.1.1.7 or not). Using 1,945,071 real-time PCR results from nose and throat swabs taken from 383,812 participants between 1 December 2020 and 8 May 2021, we found that vaccination with the ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines already reduced SARS-CoV-2 infections ≥21 d after the first dose (61% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 54–68%) versus 66% (95% CI = 60–71%), respectively), with greater reductions observed after a second dose (79% (95% CI = 65–88%) versus 80% (95% CI = 73–85%), respectively). The largest reductions were observed for symptomatic infections and/or infections with a higher viral burden. Overall, COVID-19 vaccination reduced the number of new SARS-CoV-2 infections, with the largest benefit received after two vaccinations and against symptomatic and high viral burden infections, and with no evidence of a difference between the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines.

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Results of Field Trials with a Mobile Service Robot for Older Adults in 16 Private Households

ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction ◽

10.1145/3368554 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 1-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Markus Bajones ◽

David Fischinger ◽

Astrid Weiss ◽

Paloma De La Puente ◽

Daniel Wolf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Field Trials ◽

Service Robot ◽

Mobile Service ◽

Private Households ◽

Mobile Service Robot

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Out-of-pocket expenditure by private households for dental services – empirical evidence from Austria

Health Economics Review ◽

10.1186/s13561-016-0087-5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alice Sanwald ◽

Engelbert Theurl

Keyword(s):

Empirical Evidence ◽

Dental Services ◽

Private Households

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Was sind Schwachstellen und Alternativen finanzieller Bildung?

Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung ◽

10.3790/vjh.90.1.107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 107-124

Author(s):

Andreas Oehler ◽

Matthias Horn

Keyword(s):

Financial Literacy ◽

Consumer Information ◽

Quality Information ◽

High Quality ◽

Critical View ◽

Financial Products ◽

Private Households ◽

Life Long Learning ◽

Rules Of Thumb ◽

High Quality Information

Zusammenfassung: Der Beitrag analysiert sowohl Schwachstellen als auch darauf aufbauend Handlungsempfehlungen und Lösungsvorschläge im Bereich der finanziellen Bildung von privaten Haushalten. Die Analyse der Schwachstellen umfasst eine kritische Sicht auf die Methodik zur Einschätzung finanzieller Bildung, die Beurteilung der finanziellen Bildung insbesondere junger Erwachsener, den Maßnahmenkatalog zur Verbesserung finanzieller Bildung und die Verbraucherinformationen, die sowohl als Voraussetzung für die Anwendung finanzieller Bildung als auch als Grundlage für eine Verbesserung der finanziellen Bildung im Kontext eines lebenslangen Lernens eine zentrale Rolle einnehmen. Zentrale Lösungsvorschläge zielen auf eine praxisnahe Meta-Bildung, die auf ein ökonomisches Grundverständnis, wenige Faustregeln und die relevantesten finanziellen Entscheidungen im Lebenszyklus ausgelegt ist, und ein gesetzlich vorgeschriebener Zugang zu relevanten und hochwertigen Informationen, um die Vergleichbarkeit von Produkten und Dienstleistungen im Bereich der Verbraucherfinanzen für private Haushalte und Informationslotsen deutlich zu verbessern und ein lebenslanges, praxisnahes Lernen zu ermöglichen. Summary: This article analyses weaknesses in the field of private households’ financial literacy and – building upon this – provides recommendations and solutions. The analysis of the weaknesses covers a critical view on the methodology used to measure financial literacy, the assessment of the financial literacy of young adults, the package of measures for the enhancement of financial literacy and consumer information, which play a central role as precondition for the application of financial literacy and as basis for the enhancement of financial literacy through life-long learning. Main recommendations and solutions are to establish a meta-literacy that is built on understanding basic economic principles, few rules of thumb, and the most relevant decisions in the life cycle. Moreover, a statutory access for households to relevant and high-quality information to significantly enhance the comparability of financial products and services for consumers and to enable a life-long learning in step with actual practice.

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Multicentre Study of Endo-Ectoparasite Infection in Italian Cats

10.21203/rs.3.rs-558064/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Genchi ◽

ALICE VISMARRA ◽

STEFANIA ZANET ◽

SIMONE MORELLI ◽

ROBERTA GALUPPI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Geographic Area ◽

Human Infection ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Effective Control ◽

Entire Study ◽

Private Households ◽

Health Concept ◽

Study Population ◽

The One

Abstract BackgroundParasites infecting cats include protozoa, helminths and arthropods. Many are also transmissible to humans. Effective control relies on knowledge of parasite distribution and risk factors for infection. The present study was aimed at evaluating prevalence of major feline parasites in Italy and risk factors associated with their occurrence.MethodsOver a 12-month study period, thirteen study centers across Italy analyzed feces, hair and ectoparasites from naturally infected cats coming from feral colonies, shelters and private households. Samples from cats (n=987) were analyzed by all centers using the same diagnostic methods. Prevalence values and risk factors were evaluated statistically for identification of predictors of risk. ResultsThe overall prevalence of gastro-intestinal (GI) and bronco-pulmonary (BP) nematodes was 35.9% (354/987). T. cati was the most prevalent species (253/987; 25.6%), followed by hookworms (98/987; 9.9%). Among BP nematodes, A. abstrusus was the most common (76/987; 7.7%). Approximately 35.7% (352/987) of the study population was infested by ectoparasites. The most common were fleas 29.4% (290/987), followed by ear mites O. cynotis 9.8% (97/987).Predictors of risk for parasite infection included age, a predominantly or exclusively outdoor lifestyle, geographic area and lack of anti-parasitic treatment.ConclusionBoth ecto- and endoparasites are still common in cats throughout Italy, many of them being of zoonotic concern and vectors of pathogens to humans. Given the presence of parasites throughout the entire study period, year-round treatment should be considered. Furthermore, data confirm the need to protect the human-animal bond using proper endo- and ecto-parasiticides to reduce the risk of human infection, in application of the One-Health concept.

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Care-Arbeit und Care-Berufe

Evangelische Theologie ◽

10.14315/evth-2021-810610 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 81 (6) ◽

pp. 452-458

Author(s):

Martin Werding

Keyword(s):

Wage Gap ◽

Value Added ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Care Work ◽

Charitable Organizations ◽

Institutional Settings ◽

Private Households ◽

A Value ◽

Care Workers ◽

Professional Care

Abstract Care work can be provided in various forms and in differing institutional settings, ranging from private households over social networks and charitable organizations to public or private entities employing professional care persons. All these forms of care work create a value-added, but are subject to very different economic conditions. Focusing on professional care and building on German micro-data, the article shows preliminary evidence that there might be a »care wage-gap«, i.e., a systematic disadvantage of care workers compared to other professions in terms of their remuneration. It points out how this presumption could be thoroughly scrutinized and suggests possible reasons - among other things, the existence of informal care - that could be tested in subsequent steps.

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Gender Pay Gap in India: A Sectoral and Regional Analysis

Asian Review of Social Sciences ◽

10.51983/arss-2018.7.2.1438 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Hemlata Sharma

Keyword(s):

Regional Analysis ◽

State Level ◽

Gender Pay Gap ◽

Pay Gap ◽

Rural Sector ◽

Urban Sector ◽

Private Households ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Level Analysis

This paper attempts to measure Gender Pay Gap (GPG) in India using NSSO data for the year 2011-12. Our results show that Gender Pay Gap in India is higher in rural sector as compared to urban sector. In both rural and urban sector agriculture and private households with employed persons account for highest Gender Pay Gap. Our results also show that GPG is higher among illiterates and below matric literate employees. However, state level analysis of Gender Pay Gap shows that economically developed states have lower Gender Pay Gap and the poorer states have higher Gender Pay Gap in India.

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