scholarly journals Annie Ernaux et Édouard Louis : Écrire le réel entre bruit(s) et silence

Cahiers ERTA ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 35-57
Author(s):  
Delphine Edy
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
The Real ◽  
Annie Ernaux ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bear Witness

A. Ernaux and É. Louis – writers of the real, between silence and noise In A. Ernaux’s steps, É. Louis writes to account for truth, to bear witness for the real. They experience sounds, noises and silences as particularly meaningful signs of the social classes that they live in. Their original, popular environment is made of constant noise, whether coming from inside the body or the surrounding working-place. Later as they rise socially, they realise that more privileged classes live in a filtered, muffled world. But being loud may also be a move toward freedom, an expression of the lived experience. The theatre stage is a particularly apt media for the telling of É. Louis’s stories as it enables the varied experiences to be heard and felt through their vibrations, and all noises on stage make sense.

The Japanese Village in the Seventeenth Century

1952 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Vital Function ◽  
The West ◽  
Social Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
The Middle Ages

As in the Middle Ages in the West, so in Tokugawa Japan (1600–1868) men were fond of explaining the hierarchical society in which they lived by comparing it to an organism. Social classes, Confucian scholars said, were like parts of the body: each had a vital function to perform, but their functions were essentially different and unequal in value. In this scheme the peasants were second in importance only to the ruling military class. Just as the samurai officials were the brains that guided other organs, so the peasants were the feet that held the social body erect. They were the “basis of the country,” the valued producers whose labor sustained all else. But, as a class, they tended innately to backsliding and extravagance. Left alone they would consume more than their share of the social income, ape the manners and tastes of their betters, and even encroach upon the functions of other classes to the perilous neglect of their own. Only the lash of necessity and the sharp eye of the official could hold them to their disagreeable role. They had to be bound to the land; social distinctions had to be thrown up around them like so many physical barriers; and, to remove all temptation to indolence and luxury, they had to be left only enough of what they produced to let them continue producing.

Ideologies of Catholic Missionary Practice in a Postcolonial Era

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Social Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Real Object ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Social ◽  
Anthropological Literature ◽  
To Receive

In recent years, a number of anthropologists have come to recognize that missionaries, who play a central role in many of the social systems that anthropologists study, have yet to receive the ethnographic and theoretical attention they deserve. Often, when anthropologists discussed missionaries at all, they treated them as part of the setting, much like rainfall and elevation: matters one felt obliged to mention, but peripheral to the real object of social anthropological description and analysis. There were, to be sure, exceptions, notably the body of anthropological literature that has dealt with the effects of missionaries on various areas of native life.

Why Do They Do It?–A Brief Inquiry into the Real Motives of Some of the Participants in the Recording, Transcribing, Translating, Editing, and Publishing of Aboriginal Oral Narrative

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-159
Author(s):  
Philippe Cardinal
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Oral Narrative ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Real ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dominant Society ◽  
Bear Witness

This article inquires into the motives of the participants in the recording, transcribing, translating, editing and publishing of Aboriginal narrative. The motivation of Aboriginal communicators, at the outset simple altruism, has evolved onto a pressing need to bear witness to past and present wrongs perpetrated against them by various agents of the dominant society. Social scientists’ motivations are equally complex. Most of the social sciences, and particularly anthropology, practice translation. Anthropology has elaborated translation theories that betray a general unease with how and why anthropologists translate. Anthropological translation differs from that of other disciplines in that when anthropologists translate oral and written “texts,” their ultimate aim is in fact the “translation” of the cultures that produced them. Keywords: anthropology, translation, Aboriginal, oral narrative, cultures.

scholarly journals Talking drums and ethical conundrums

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Female Circumcision ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
International Aid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Power Point

Malian women and children represent the poorest as well as the most difficult to reach through written media. The interrelated practices of dancing, drumming, and storytelling transmit history, cultural beliefs, and current events for people who do not read and write. Researchers in the social sciences and officials for international aid organizations struggle with the circulation and reception of public health literature. They now recognize that native non-governmental organizations with staff that are fluent not only in the native languages but also in the social mores, better communicate with under-served populations through means other than billboards, pamphlets, or power-point presentations. The body, in both a general Western and Malian tradition, plays a particular role in how we come to know the world. This paper describes research conducted in Mali on female circumcision with international aid organizations, native NGOs, and independent human rights activists. Three interconnected areas form a triangular framework: how different research methods like dancing, drumming, storytelling, and soccer can offer valuable phenomenological insights to lived experience; the ethics of learning and listening to these various voices that transmit sexual health knowledge; and the ethics of engaging and disseminating such knowledge. The talking drums elicit new ways of seeing, being, and listening along with ethical ethnographic conundrums.

Toward an Affective Political Ecology of Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-366
Author(s):  
Emma-Jayne Abbots ◽  
Karin Eli ◽  
Stanley Ulijaszek
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Ecologies ◽  
Political Economic

This article argues for an affective approach to obesity that destabilizes the conceptual boundaries between the biological and the social aspects of food, eating, and fatness. Its approach foregrounds visceral experience, attends to food both inside and outside the body, and explores how bodies labeled “obese” consume their political, economic, and material environments. This approach is termed affective political ecology. The authors’ aim is to draw attention to how the entanglements between the physiological and social aspects of eating tend to be absented from antiobesity public health rhetoric. By exploring a range of ethnographic examples in high-income countries, they illuminate how such interventions often fail to account for the complex interplays between subjective corporeal experience and political economic relations and contend that overlooking an individual’s visceral relationship with food counterproductively augments social stigma, stresses, and painful emotions. They demonstrate, then, how an approach that draws together political economic and biomedical perspectives better reflects the lived experience of eating. In so doing, the authors aim to indicate how attending to affective political ecologies can further our understanding of the consumption practices of those in precarious and stressful social contexts, and they offer additional insight into how the entanglement of the biological and the social is experienced in everyday life.

scholarly journals The value of ‘bearing witness’ to desistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bearing Witness ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Moral Space ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
Bear Witness

This paper aims to contribute to the debate on making probation practice ‘desistance-focused’. It does this through considering the body of knowledge on responding to trauma through ‘bearing witness’ to the person’s story – attending to their values and lived experience – and applying this to probation practice. It addresses why the literature on trauma has relevance to work with people who have offended. Then it explores the epistemological, performative, moral and political dimensions of ‘bearing witness’ and the relevance of each of these to desistance. It highlights the potentially critical role of the audience (in this case the probation practitioner) in the co-construction of the desistance narrative. Additionally, the paper argues that insufficient attention has been paid to the moral space in which such narratives are co-constructed. In a context where the voices of people who have offended are silenced and their experiences of victimisation or structural violence are written out, I suggest that ‘being present and being with another’ (Naef, 2006: 146) enacts a moral responsibility to support a transition from object to subject and to recognise and endorse the humanity of those who have committed crimes. The paper provides a practice example of ‘bearing witness’ to desistance. Finally, it addresses potential challenges in asking probation officers to ‘bear witness’ to desistance.

Politics and Higher Education in the 1980's

1980 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Stanley Aronowitz
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Free Society ◽  
The Real ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
The Social

This author sees a misplaced emphasis on the crises in education as being primarily the acquisition of elementary skills. The real job to be done in the years ahead is in helping students to see their own lived experience as the place where ideology begins. The growing social and economic inequality with its political impotency is the source of the prevailing functional illiteracy. The social changes that the survival of a free society demands will be made possible by the critical and conceptual literacy intrinsic to collective power and knowledge.

scholarly journals Oedipality in Red Sorghum and ]udou

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 60-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Family System ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Real ◽  
Patriarchal Family ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychic Condition

This article analyses the representation of masculinity in Red Sorghum and Judou, two films directed by Zhang Yimou. The focus is on oedipality, in particular the murder of the real or symbolic "father" as a condition for the liberation of the son and his wife / mistress. The text is divided into three sections: patriarchy and the social order; patriarchy and the body; and patriarchy and legitimacy. The argument is that oedipality in these films is not presented as a "universally valid" psychic condition (Freud) but as an inevitable result of the patriarchal family system.

Language and Embodied Sexuality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. King
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sexual Agency ◽  
Language And Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
The Relationship

Embodiment has long been of interest to scholars of language in society, and yet theoretical discussions of the inseparability of language and the body have been paradoxically minimal until quite recently. Focusing on the processes by which sexualized bodies are understood, this chapter examines two research case studies—intersex bodies and male bodies—to outline the ways that language and sexuality scholarship can contribute to knowledge of the confluence of the social and the soma during social interaction. Bodies are both subjective and social: in one sense we have subjective, embodied knowledge of what it means to live in our sexualized bodies and “speak from” them as part of lived experience, and in another sense our bodies are also observed from outside and “spoken about” as sexual. The analysis presented here explores the relationship between physical features of bodies, discourse, language, and power, and links these insights to notions of confluence, demonstrating that bodies can be unruly, obtrusive, overdetermined, and excessive. The chapter considers the implications of this analysis for language use, intelligibility, and sexual agency.

scholarly journals The Variation in the Mortality from Cancer of different Parts of the Body in Groups of Men of Different Social Status

1926 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Young
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Social Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group 1

This paper is the result of an attempt to determine if, in the different social classes obtained by a grading of a large section of the male working population of England and Wales for the triennial period 1910–12, as described by the Registrar-General in the Supplement to his 75th Annual Report, there was shown any special susceptibility to cancer in particular parts of the body. From a comparison of the standardised mortality-rates from cancer in 16 different sites in (1) men of three social grades, namely, the upper and middle classes, skilled workmen and unskilled workmen, (2) two sub-groups of the upper and middle classes and (3) men of two social classes, a higher and a lower intermediate to classes 1 and 3 and 3 and 5 respectively, it seems reasonable to draw the following conclusions:1. The mortality-rates from cancer in the majority of the parts of the body considered, including amongst others the tongue, oesophagus and stomach, which altogether account for 92 per cent, of the total deaths, are definitely higher in the men of lowest social status; the incidence decreases, though not always regularly, with ascent in the social scale.2. The mortality from cancer in other parts of the body, namely, the bowel, the prostate and probably the pancreas, is definitely highest, however, in men of the best social status.3. Though the relatively high cancer mortality-rates in these sites in the best social class may probably be attributed in some measure, which it is difficult or impossible to assess, to improved facilities for, and methods of diagnosis in this class, as compared with those in the lowest classes, this cannot be the whole explanation as the differences are considerable and as no increased mortality from cancer is evident in any of the sites except the pancreas with such an ascent in the social scale as takes place in passing from social group 1 b, to social group 1 a, where the influence of more skilful diagnosis might also be expected to reveal itself. If we may accept the mortality from hepatic cancer in the different social classes as an approximate index of the general accuracy of diagnosis of malignant disease therein, then varying accuracy of diagnosis can have little influence in producing the divergencies in mortality from cancer in these special sites that are found in the social groups under review.4. The excessive mortality from cancer of the bowel amongst males of the best social class cannot reasonably be ascribed to their habits of life such as high-feeding and easy-living or to their alleged greater liability to autointoxication. If this were so, cancer of the stomach and cancer of the rectum might also be expected to show a higher incidence in the same social class; the mortality-rates from cancer in these sites, however, are not higher in this class than in the lower social classes.

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